Publication Information

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202, 206], 'out': [15], 'lungs.': [18], 'It': [19, 37], 'a': [21, 33, 115], 'physiological': [22], 'test': [23], 'measures': [25], 'how': [26], 'an': [27, 39], 'individual': [28], 'breathes': [29], 'volumes': [31], 'as': [32], 'function': [34, 94, 216, 231], 'time.': [36], 'provides': [38], 'objective': [40], 'quantitative': [42], 'measure': [43], 'lung': [45, 72, 78, 93], 'function.': [46], 'Smoking': [47], 'produces': [48], 'increase': [49], 'in': [50, 59, 77, 92, 103, 130, 149, 160, 173, 187, 200, 219, 226, 229], 'epithelial': [51], 'damage,': [52], 'cellular': [53], 'inflammatory': [54], 'infiltrates,': [55], 'muscles': [56], 'fibrosis': [58], 'respiratory': [60, 67], 'airways': [61], 'responsible': [64], 'for': [65], 'acute': [66], 'illnesses': [68], 'including': [69], 'pneumonia,': [70], 'impaired': [71], 'growth,': [73], 'early': [74], 'onset': [75], 'decline': [76], 'function,': [79], 'poor': [80], 'asthma': [81], 'control,': [82], 'chronic': [83], 'obstructive': [84], 'pulmonary': [85, 215, 230, 239], 'disease': [86], '(COPD).': [87], 'Early': [88], 'identification': [89], 'reduction': [91, 228], 'smokers': [96, 122, 161, 174, 188, 201], 'by': [97, 134], 'spirometry': [98, 129, 140, 212], 'can': [99, 223], 'be': [100, 224], 'very': [101], 'important': [102], 'order': [104], 'to': [105, 108], 'encourage': [106], 'them': [107], 'stop': [109], 'smoking.
': [110], 'Methods:': [111], 'This': [112], 'study': [113], 'included': [114], 'total': [116], '106': [118], 'individuals,': [119], '51': [120], 'were': [121, 124, 146, 164, 177, 191, 204, 217], 'and55': [123], 'non-smokers.': [125], 'The': [126, 157, 170, 183, 197, 211], 'participants': [127], 'performed': [128], 'sitting': [132], 'position': [133], 'open': [135], 'circuit': [136], 'method.': [137], 'Parameters': [138], 'FVC,': [141], 'FEV1,': [142], 'FEV1/FVC': [143, 185], 'PEFR': [145, 199], 'recorded': [147], 'collected': [148], 'form': [151], 'percentage': [153], 'predicted.
': [155], 'Results:': [156], 'mean': [158, 171, 184, 198], 'FVC': [159], 'non-smokers': [163, 176, 190, 203], '99.98±9.88%': [165], '102.97±8.03%': [167], 'respectively': [168, 181, 195, 208], '(p=0.092).': [169], 'FEV1': [172], '99.65±9.61%': [178], '104.58±10.03%': [180], '(p=0.011).': [182], 'ratio': [186], '103.25±4.60%': [192], '105.57±5.10%': [194], '(p=0.016).': [196], '102.11±8.40%': [205], '106.01±10.62%': [207], '(p=0.038).
': [209], 'Conclusion:': [210], 'parameters': [213], 'better': [218], 'non-smoker': [220], 'group.': [221], 'useful': [225], 'detecting': [227], 'before': [232, 238], 'appearance': [233], 'any': [235], 'symptoms': [236], 'or': [237], 'functions': [240], 'become': [241], 'significantly': [242], 'abnormal.': [243]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2998176698', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-16T23:00:26.356076', 'created_date': '2020-01-10'}