Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2993496457', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1101/868216', 'title': 'Allopatric speciation is more prevalent than parapatric ecological divergence in a recent high-Andean diversification (Asteraceae: <i>Linochilus</i>)', 'display_name': 'Allopatric speciation is more prevalent than parapatric ecological divergence in a recent high-Andean diversification (Asteraceae: <i>Linochilus</i>)', 'publication_year': 2019, 'publication_date': '2019-12-06', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2993496457', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1101/868216', 'mag': '2993496457'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1101/868216', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2019/12/06/868216.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402567', 'display_name': 'bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I2750212522', 'host_organization_name': 'Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2750212522'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'preprint', 'type_crossref': 'posted-content', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2019/12/06/868216.full.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5080339052', 'display_name': 'Oscar M. Vargas', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5654-5873'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I86519309', 'display_name': 'The University of Texas at Austin', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hj54h04', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I192389796', 'display_name': 'Humboldt State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02qt0xs84', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I192389796']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98947143', 'display_name': 'California State Polytechnic University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05by5hm18', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98947143']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Oscar M. Vargas', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, Arcata, California, USA', 'Integrative Biology and Billie Turner Plant Resources Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Integrative Biology and Billie Turner Plant Resources Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, Arcata, California, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I192389796', 'https://openalex.org/I98947143']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023885144', 'display_name': 'Santiago Madriñán', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-6523'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I162096671', 'display_name': 'Universidad de Los Andes', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02mhbdp94', 'country_code': 'CO', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I162096671']}], 'countries': ['CO'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Santiago Madriñán', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, DC, Colombia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, DC, Colombia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I162096671']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5048002975', 'display_name': 'Beryl B. Simpson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8336-6048'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I86519309', 'display_name': 'The University of Texas at Austin', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hj54h04', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Beryl B. Simpson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Integrative Biology and Billie Turner Plant Resources Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Integrative Biology and Billie Turner Plant Resources Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5080339052'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309', 'https://openalex.org/I192389796', 'https://openalex.org/I98947143'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 4, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.892593, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 77, 'max': 79}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10005', 'display_name': 'Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies', 'score': 0.9986, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2309', 'display_name': 'Nature and Landscape Conservation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10005', 'display_name': 'Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies', 'score': 0.9986, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2309', 'display_name': 'Nature and Landscape Conservation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10385', 'display_name': 'Plant Diversity and Evolution', 'score': 0.9981, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1105', 'display_name': 'Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10487', 'display_name': 'Plant and animal studies', 'score': 0.9964, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1105', 'display_name': 'Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/parapatric-speciation', 'display_name': 'Parapatric speciation', 'score': 0.98689055}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm', 'display_name': 'Genetic algorithm', 'score': 0.65710235}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-speciation', 'display_name': 'Ecological speciation', 'score': 0.558168}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4871052', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200722', 'display_name': 'Parapatric speciation', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.98689055}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115225378', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853848', 'display_name': 'Allopatric speciation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.98570544}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776838516', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787', 'display_name': 'Genetic algorithm', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.65710235}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6375929}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C82369549', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17011665', 'display_name': 'Ecological speciation', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.558168}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.55303454}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C53889494', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1240247', 'display_name': 'Sympatric speciation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.54781586}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78458016', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400', 'display_name': 'Evolutionary biology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.45229447}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908647359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603', 'display_name': 'Population', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.19671485}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107023163', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143089', 'display_name': 'Gene flow', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.13774922}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C68873052', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856', 'display_name': 'Genetic variation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.051247776}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149923435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732', 'display_name': 'Demography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1101/868216', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2019/12/06/868216.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402567', 'display_name': 'bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I2750212522', 'host_organization_name': 'Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2750212522'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15479', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1101/868216', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2019/12/06/868216.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402567', 'display_name': 'bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I2750212522', 'host_organization_name': 'Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2750212522'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Life on land', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15', 'score': 0.51}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 87, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W123584386', 'https://openalex.org/W1603923763', 'https://openalex.org/W1605984840', 'https://openalex.org/W1908401022', 'https://openalex.org/W1935549473', 'https://openalex.org/W1948304428', 'https://openalex.org/W1956587275', 'https://openalex.org/W1964631156', 'https://openalex.org/W1971193009', 'https://openalex.org/W1975222689', 'https://openalex.org/W1980122972', 'https://openalex.org/W1982899943', 'https://openalex.org/W1988486349', 'https://openalex.org/W1995369952', 'https://openalex.org/W1999716334', 'https://openalex.org/W2002134128', 'https://openalex.org/W2004827031', 'https://openalex.org/W2008735110', 'https://openalex.org/W2017653434', 'https://openalex.org/W2022380393', 'https://openalex.org/W2023033196', 'https://openalex.org/W2029119943', 'https://openalex.org/W2037079592', 'https://openalex.org/W2042449834', 'https://openalex.org/W2055997230', 'https://openalex.org/W2065818916', 'https://openalex.org/W2065924152', 'https://openalex.org/W2070316123', 'https://openalex.org/W2073087415', 'https://openalex.org/W2075219503', 'https://openalex.org/W2085765403', 'https://openalex.org/W2098673312', 'https://openalex.org/W2101095863', 'https://openalex.org/W2111325505', 'https://openalex.org/W2111567623', 'https://openalex.org/W2114525641', 'https://openalex.org/W2116146250', 'https://openalex.org/W2119783895', 'https://openalex.org/W2124079298', 'https://openalex.org/W2126627009', 'https://openalex.org/W2128849856', 'https://openalex.org/W2136067847', 'https://openalex.org/W2137678962', 'https://openalex.org/W2142708736', 'https://openalex.org/W2149566646', 'https://openalex.org/W2151611322', 'https://openalex.org/W2155123462', 'https://openalex.org/W2162348455', 'https://openalex.org/W2162399971', 'https://openalex.org/W2165373641', 'https://openalex.org/W2173611352', 'https://openalex.org/W2269762920', 'https://openalex.org/W2300722901', 'https://openalex.org/W2318135165', 'https://openalex.org/W2325585208', 'https://openalex.org/W2402382748', 'https://openalex.org/W2489321112', 'https://openalex.org/W2582743722', 'https://openalex.org/W2583771204', 'https://openalex.org/W2588320548', 'https://openalex.org/W2601579030', 'https://openalex.org/W26592449', 'https://openalex.org/W2708745510', 'https://openalex.org/W2734562503', 'https://openalex.org/W2784931829', 'https://openalex.org/W2785040839', 'https://openalex.org/W2790717401', 'https://openalex.org/W2791603267', 'https://openalex.org/W2794322919', 'https://openalex.org/W2794412330', 'https://openalex.org/W2794610301', 'https://openalex.org/W2795721248', 'https://openalex.org/W2800030473', 'https://openalex.org/W2805652218', 'https://openalex.org/W2835206561', 'https://openalex.org/W2903375610', 'https://openalex.org/W2904977537', 'https://openalex.org/W2951391192', 'https://openalex.org/W2989729654', 'https://openalex.org/W3092420683', 'https://openalex.org/W4238184978', 'https://openalex.org/W4242268222', 'https://openalex.org/W4244020017', 'https://openalex.org/W4251560490', 'https://openalex.org/W4252713797', 'https://openalex.org/W587148449', 'https://openalex.org/W645675095'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4255668375', 'https://openalex.org/W4238926362', 'https://openalex.org/W268792697', 'https://openalex.org/W2332163550', 'https://openalex.org/W2150967459', 'https://openalex.org/W2131075697', 'https://openalex.org/W2107190289', 'https://openalex.org/W2095073809', 'https://openalex.org/W2091903883', 'https://openalex.org/W1599757769'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'ABSTRACT': [0], 'Elucidating': [1], 'how': [2], 'species': [3, 129], 'accumulate': [4], 'in': [5, 12, 17, 44, 107, 161], 'diversity': [6], 'hotspots': [7], 'is': [8, 38, 42, 54, 89, 97, 104, 177, 195], 'an': [9, 51, 108], 'ongoing': [10], 'debate': [11], 'evolutionary': [13], 'biology.': [14], 'The': [15, 91], 'páramo,': [16], 'the': [18, 45, 56, 60, 79, 146, 155], 'Northern': [19], 'Andes,': [20], 'has': [21], 'remarkably': [22], 'high': [23, 43], 'indices': [24, 37], 'of': [25, 59, 66, 82, 94, 102, 157], 'plant': [26], 'diversity,': [27], 'endemicity,': [28], 'and': [29, 85, 120, 130, 152], 'diversification': [30, 194], 'rates.': [31], 'A': [32, 74], 'hypothesis': [33, 53], 'for': [34, 77], 'explaining': [35], 'such': [36], 'that': [39, 55, 68, 154, 191], 'allopatric': [40, 83, 133, 169, 199], 'speciation': [41, 84, 103, 159], 'páramo': [46, 110, 192], 'given': [47], 'its': [48], 'island-like': [49], 'distribution;': [50], 'alternative': [52], 'altitudinal': [57], 'gradient': [58], 'Andean': [61], 'topography': [62], 'provides': [63], 'a': [64, 114, 121, 172], 'variety': [65], 'niches': [67], 'drive': [69], 'vertical': [70], 'parapatric': [71, 86, 135, 180], 'ecological': [72, 87, 136, 181], 'speciation.': [73, 140, 200], 'formal': [75], 'test': [76, 99], 'evaluating': [78], 'relative': [80], 'roles': [81], 'divergence': [88, 137], 'lacking.': [90], 'main': [92], 'aim': [93], 'our': [95, 143], 'study': [96], 'to': [98, 126, 145, 179], 'which': [100], 'kind': [101], 'more': [105], 'common': [106], 'endemic': [109], 'genus.': [111], 'We': [112, 141, 189], 'developed': [113], 'framework': [115, 144], 'incorporating': [116], 'phylogenetics,': [117], 'species’': [118], 'distributions,': [119], 'morpho-ecological': [122], 'trait': [123], '(leaf': [124], 'area)': [125], 'compare': [127], 'sister': [128], 'infer': [131], 'whether': [132], 'or': [134], 'caused': [138], 'their': [139], 'applied': [142], 'species-rich': [147], 'genus': [148], 'Linochilus': [149], '(63': [150], 'spp.)': [151], 'found': [153], 'majority': [156], 'recent': [158], 'events': [160], 'it': [162], '(12,': [163], '80%)': [164], 'have': [165], 'been': [166], 'driven': [167, 197], 'by': [168, 198], 'speciation,': [170], 'while': [171], 'smaller': [173], 'fraction': [174], '(1,': [175], '6.6%)': [176], 'attributed': [178], 'divergence;': [182], 'two': [183], 'pairs': [184], 'produced': [185], 'inconclusive': [186], 'results': [187], '(13.3%).': [188], 'conclude': [190], 'autochthonous': [193], 'primarily': [196]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2993496457', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-06T06:37:34.003983', 'created_date': '2019-12-13'}