Title: Capitalismo de plataforma e Direito do Trabalho: crowdwork e trabalho sob demanda por meio de aplicativos
Abstract: In a context of transformations in the world of work by new technologies, it is urgent to conduct studies to understand new labor dynamics and the role of Employment Law.This thesis identifies two forms of work in the platform capitalism -crowdwork and on-demand work via apps -to investigate the concrete effects of technological innovations in the labor relations.It aims to answer whether Employment Law categories protect workers who develop activities on digital platforms.In order to do, we combine a literature review on forms of work and two study cases: one of crowdwork, on Amazon Mechanical Turk, and other of work on-demand via apps, on Uber.We analyze documents and conduct i interviews with Brazilian workers on both platforms.As a result, we identified four main characteristics: (i) the existence of a certain degree of workers autonomy in defining their amount of work and working time; (ii) a direct relationship between dependence and precarity; (iii) the management of the labor force by the algorithm, and its ability to coordinate and control workers varies according to each platform; (iv) a stark economic inequality among workers and platforms and contractors.Our analysis identifies differences between the work done on both platforms, especially on how workers execute activities.The work developed in both case studies are at least partially different from the Brazilian legal employee concept.In this sense, we highlight the need for a new legal architecture to offer answers to the peculiarities of work in the platform capitalism.We concluded our research presenting a proposal to create a special law for crowdwork and on-demand work via apps.Workers are to be classified as self-employees, dependents or employees, each category providing a set of rights for each one.In doing so, we hope to acknowledge the complexity technological innovations add to labor relations, while extending social protection for workers who join platform capitalism.