Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2989848482', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2019.1660703', 'title': 'Intellectual monopoly in global value chains', 'display_name': 'Intellectual monopoly in global value chains', 'publication_year': 2019, 'publication_date': '2019-09-05', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2989848482', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2019.1660703', 'mag': '2989848482'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2019.1660703', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2875300', 'display_name': 'Review of International Political Economy', 'issn_l': '0969-2290', 'issn': ['0969-2290', '1466-4526'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319847', 'host_organization_name': 'Routledge', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319847'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Routledge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://hal.science/hal-01850438/document', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012957410', 'display_name': 'Cédric Durand', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-4966'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210088826', 'display_name': "Centre d'Économie de la Sorbonne", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006shqv80', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I11559806', 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'https://openalex.org/I277688954', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088826', 'https://openalex.org/I4210150854', 'https://openalex.org/I51101395']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210091279', 'display_name': 'Université Sorbonne Paris Nord', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0199hds37', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210091279']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Cédric Durand', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris-Nord, Universite Paris 13, Villetaneuse, France;"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris-Nord, Universite Paris 13, Villetaneuse, France;", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210088826', 'https://openalex.org/I4210091279']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5002944618', 'display_name': 'Wiliiam Milberg', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I102179633', 'display_name': 'New School', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02tvcev59', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I102179633']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Wiliiam Milberg', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['New School for Social Research, New York, NY, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'New School for Social Research, New York, NY, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I102179633']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5012957410'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210088826', 'https://openalex.org/I4210091279'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 32.2, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 238, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999981, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '27', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '404', 'last_page': '429'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12851', 'display_name': 'Firm Innovation and Growth', 'score': 0.9791, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12851', 'display_name': 'Firm Innovation and Growth', 'score': 0.9791, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14094', 'display_name': 'Italy: Economic History and Contemporary Issues', 'score': 0.9672, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10003', 'display_name': 'Innovation and Knowledge Management', 'score': 0.9522, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1408', 'display_name': 'Strategy and Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/intangible-asset', 'display_name': 'Intangible asset', 'score': 0.5823391}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-rent', 'display_name': 'Economic rent', 'score': 0.5821438}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/circulation', 'display_name': 'Circulation (fluid dynamics)', 'score': 0.5318313}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/externality', 'display_name': 'Externality', 'score': 0.5258739}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/global-value-chain', 'display_name': 'Global value chain', 'score': 0.49754146}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/value', 'display_name': 'Value (mathematics)', 'score': 0.48694122}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-monopoly', 'display_name': 'Natural monopoly', 'score': 0.46032822}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781127519', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43637', 'display_name': 'Monopoly', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.86530316}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C34974158', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257', 'display_name': 'Intellectual property', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.74969256}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778380070', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427581', 'display_name': 'Intangible asset', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5823391}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C106866004', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264259', 'display_name': 'Economic rent', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5821438}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779343474', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175', 'display_name': 'Context (archaeology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.57830304}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40700', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783', 'display_name': 'Industrial organization', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.56082773}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.55695665}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11111821', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205880', 'display_name': 'Circulation (fluid dynamics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5318313}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C16118543', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275372', 'display_name': 'Externality', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5258739}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778764706', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154120', 'display_name': 'Global value chain', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.49754146}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776291640', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517', 'display_name': 'Value (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48694122}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C96219163', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649124', 'display_name': 'Network effect', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4848229}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76178495', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808784', 'display_name': 'Asset (computer security)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47333437}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C106094368', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q648510', 'display_name': 'Natural monopoly', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.46032822}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C514928085', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6206', 'display_name': 'Capitalism', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.44681764}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.43835056}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778137410', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820', 'display_name': 'Government (linguistics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42898944}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778348673', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302', 'display_name': 'Production (economics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4276502}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775881736', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1274157', 'display_name': 'Market power', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4205689}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C34447519', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522', 'display_name': 'Market economy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3465314}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2119116', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7181', 'display_name': 'Globalization', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.25167376}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175444787', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072', 'display_name': 'Microeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.22300139}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C10138342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015', 'display_name': 'Finance', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.10833743}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119857082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539', 'display_name': 'Machine learning', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38652104', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521', 'display_name': 'Computer security', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111919701', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135', 'display_name': 'Operating system', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C97355855', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473', 'display_name': 'Thermodynamics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 5, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2019.1660703', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2875300', 'display_name': 'Review of International Political Economy', 'issn_l': '0969-2290', 'issn': ['0969-2290', '1466-4526'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319847', 'host_organization_name': 'Routledge', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319847'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Routledge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01850438', 'pdf_url': 'https://hal.science/hal-01850438/document', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.science/hal-01850438/file/NSSR_WP_072018.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://hal.science/hal-01850438/file/NSSR_WP_072018.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01850438/file/NSSR_WP_072018.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01850438/file/NSSR_WP_072018.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01850438/document', 'pdf_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01850438/document', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01850438', 'pdf_url': 'https://hal.science/hal-01850438/document', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402512', 'display_name': 'HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1294671590', 'host_organization_name': 'Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1294671590'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 115, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1518453050', 'https://openalex.org/W1532028737', 'https://openalex.org/W1533040333', 'https://openalex.org/W1540455137', 'https://openalex.org/W1581775978', 'https://openalex.org/W1875666599', 'https://openalex.org/W1906120425', 'https://openalex.org/W1945929852', 'https://openalex.org/W1965080745', 'https://openalex.org/W1972072428', 'https://openalex.org/W1975732586', 'https://openalex.org/W1978994848', 'https://openalex.org/W1980995106', 'https://openalex.org/W1982491301', 'https://openalex.org/W1984993188', 'https://openalex.org/W1989104954', 'https://openalex.org/W1994979042', 'https://openalex.org/W1997700656', 'https://openalex.org/W2002705462', 'https://openalex.org/W2014906121', 'https://openalex.org/W2016446634', 'https://openalex.org/W2017085528', 'https://openalex.org/W2021976151', 'https://openalex.org/W2027581737', 'https://openalex.org/W2035056412', 'https://openalex.org/W2036220923', 'https://openalex.org/W2041453429', 'https://openalex.org/W2062820956', 'https://openalex.org/W2072879422', 'https://openalex.org/W2080577950', 'https://openalex.org/W2096589407', 'https://openalex.org/W2099254454', 'https://openalex.org/W2112697386', 'https://openalex.org/W2120486731', 'https://openalex.org/W2120574903', 'https://openalex.org/W2125179746', 'https://openalex.org/W2129998937', 'https://openalex.org/W2134878347', 'https://openalex.org/W2136039427', 'https://openalex.org/W2137308411', 'https://openalex.org/W2139766798', 'https://openalex.org/W2142257426', 'https://openalex.org/W2150316800', 'https://openalex.org/W2154393334', 'https://openalex.org/W2155662389', 'https://openalex.org/W2157923021', 'https://openalex.org/W2167721503', 'https://openalex.org/W2167752988', 'https://openalex.org/W2171042603', 'https://openalex.org/W2172018314', 'https://openalex.org/W2222341590', 'https://openalex.org/W223030966', 'https://openalex.org/W2249688373', 'https://openalex.org/W2276886022', 'https://openalex.org/W2292430239', 'https://openalex.org/W2294216999', 'https://openalex.org/W2295939521', 'https://openalex.org/W2317101232', 'https://openalex.org/W2354065779', 'https://openalex.org/W2523334304', 'https://openalex.org/W2527331948', 'https://openalex.org/W2527580569', 'https://openalex.org/W2531648324', 'https://openalex.org/W2550098208', 'https://openalex.org/W2560447360', 'https://openalex.org/W2561588799', 'https://openalex.org/W2597650109', 'https://openalex.org/W2606286054', 'https://openalex.org/W2767915429', 'https://openalex.org/W2772625813', 'https://openalex.org/W2788821120', 'https://openalex.org/W2793086909', 'https://openalex.org/W2794485177', 'https://openalex.org/W2797358902', 'https://openalex.org/W2807875704', 'https://openalex.org/W2885232872', 'https://openalex.org/W2888710288', 'https://openalex.org/W2898303575', 'https://openalex.org/W2900103574', 'https://openalex.org/W2900268997', 'https://openalex.org/W2912516261', 'https://openalex.org/W2917171096', 'https://openalex.org/W2924601890', 'https://openalex.org/W2953439323', 'https://openalex.org/W2958115102', 'https://openalex.org/W2991986298', 'https://openalex.org/W3021750248', 'https://openalex.org/W3021909905', 'https://openalex.org/W3089654346', 'https://openalex.org/W3115860967', 'https://openalex.org/W3121321241', 'https://openalex.org/W3121517373', 'https://openalex.org/W3121528896', 'https://openalex.org/W3122148702', 'https://openalex.org/W3122602425', 'https://openalex.org/W3122653744', 'https://openalex.org/W3123722811', 'https://openalex.org/W3123969534', 'https://openalex.org/W3124210001', 'https://openalex.org/W3124479367', 'https://openalex.org/W3125000570', 'https://openalex.org/W3125026875', 'https://openalex.org/W3125262507', 'https://openalex.org/W3125421457', 'https://openalex.org/W3125443342', 'https://openalex.org/W3125532578', 'https://openalex.org/W3125545748', 'https://openalex.org/W3125571233', 'https://openalex.org/W3195635789', 'https://openalex.org/W4230831438', 'https://openalex.org/W4235429337', 'https://openalex.org/W4299128978', 'https://openalex.org/W4300778821', 'https://openalex.org/W4312364497', 'https://openalex.org/W569741718'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3196582949', 'https://openalex.org/W281790095', 'https://openalex.org/W2392748364', 'https://openalex.org/W2391799516', 'https://openalex.org/W2391339329', 'https://openalex.org/W2368371601', 'https://openalex.org/W2364971953', 'https://openalex.org/W2356725428', 'https://openalex.org/W2354600507', 'https://openalex.org/W2348522202'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'This': [0], 'paper': [1], 'analyses': [2], 'the': [3, 15, 18, 36, 49, 54, 69, 79, 124], 'role': [4], 'of': [5, 17, 20, 30, 38, 45, 51, 71, 81, 90, 109, 121], 'intangibles': [6, 122, 129], 'in': [7, 53, 99, 134], 'global': [8], 'value': [9], 'chains': [10, 25], '(GVCs).': [11], 'We': [12, 61], 'find': [13], 'that': [14], 'intensification': [16], 'use': [19], 'intangible': [21, 58, 82], 'assets': [22], 'within': [23], 'these': [24], 'has': [26], 'created': [27], 'new': [28], 'sources': [29], 'market': [31], 'power.': [32], 'The': [33, 107], 'analysis': [34], 'builds': [35], 'notion': [37], 'Intellectual': [39], 'Monopoly': [40], 'Capitalism,': [41], 'where': [42], 'government': [43], 'protections': [44], 'intellectual': [46], 'property': [47], 'have': [48], 'effect': [50], 'locking': [52], 'monopoly': [55, 125], 'power': [56], 'from': [57, 68, 128], 'asset': [59], 'creation.': [60], 'extend': [62], 'it': [63], 'to': [64, 93, 101, 115, 131], '‘information': [65], 'rents’': [66], 'arising': [67, 127], 'presence': [70], 'scale': [72], 'economies': [73], 'and': [74, 103, 119, 123], 'network': [75], 'externalities': [76], 'associated': [77], 'with': [78], 'production': [80], 'assets.': [83], 'GVC': [84, 110], 'integration': [85], 'requires': [86], 'a': [87, 116], 'dense': [88], 'circulation': [89, 120], 'information': [91], 'flows': [92], 'communicate': [94], 'specifications,': [95], 'standards,': [96], 'technical': [97], 'know-how': [98], 'addition': [100], 'costs': [102], 'other': [104], 'operational': [105], 'details.': [106], 'expansion': [108], 'trade': [111], 'is': [112], 'thus': [113], 'linked': [114], 'rising': [117], 'mobilization': [118], 'dynamics': [126], 'need': [130], 'be': [132], 'assessed': [133], 'this': [135], 'context.': [136]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2989848482', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 64}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 69}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 46}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 29}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-30T08:38:37.650527', 'created_date': '2019-12-05'}