Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2980119166', 'doi': None, 'title': 'Organic carbon in ice-rich permafrost', 'display_name': 'Organic carbon in ice-rich permafrost', 'publication_year': 2014, 'publication_date': '2014-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2980119166', 'mag': '2980119166'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/opus4-ubp/files/7523/strauss_diss.pdf', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5005729469', 'display_name': 'Jens Strauß', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4678-4982'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Jens Strauß', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5005729469'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 66}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11333', 'display_name': 'Climate change and permafrost', 'score': 0.9953, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11333', 'display_name': 'Climate change and permafrost', 'score': 0.9953, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13126', 'display_name': 'Scientific Research and Discoveries', 'score': 0.9781, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3109', 'display_name': 'Statistical and Nonlinear Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10399', 'display_name': 'Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis', 'score': 0.9623, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2211', 'display_name': 'Mechanics of Materials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/thermokarst', 'display_name': 'Thermokarst', 'score': 0.8601955}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-carbon', 'display_name': 'Soil carbon', 'score': 0.54585195}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15098985', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179918', 'display_name': 'Permafrost', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.97778445}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780155556', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367339', 'display_name': 'Thermokarst', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8601955}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1965285', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8008', 'display_name': 'Earth science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.609995}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39464130', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554898', 'display_name': 'Soil carbon', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.54585195}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C6939412', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167751', 'display_name': 'Carbon cycle', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.53971255}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115343472', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942', 'display_name': 'Global warming', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.50856507}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.50601}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C518008717', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25322', 'display_name': 'Arctic', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49948812}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.44708872}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C47737302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336', 'display_name': 'Greenhouse gas', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41585624}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C100970517', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107', 'display_name': 'Physical geography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3559631}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76886044', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300', 'display_name': 'Hydrology (agriculture)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.34812382}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C132651083', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942', 'display_name': 'Climate change', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.29924917}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159750122', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023', 'display_name': 'Soil water', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.22456339}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159390177', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265', 'display_name': 'Soil science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.18589959}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110872660', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813', 'display_name': 'Ecosystem', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.15788603}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111368507', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518', 'display_name': 'Oceanography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.15022862}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.13681054}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.08987242}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187320778', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130', 'display_name': 'Geotechnical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://publishup.uni-potsdam.de/opus4-ubp/files/7523/strauss_diss.pdf', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W644278703', 'https://openalex.org/W3199815163', 'https://openalex.org/W3188616953', 'https://openalex.org/W3112962158', 'https://openalex.org/W3015371571', 'https://openalex.org/W3015142281', 'https://openalex.org/W2915908764', 'https://openalex.org/W2906634568', 'https://openalex.org/W2906231312', 'https://openalex.org/W2889725101', 'https://openalex.org/W2791110115', 'https://openalex.org/W2737602267', 'https://openalex.org/W2598049013', 'https://openalex.org/W2316164656', 'https://openalex.org/W2303920190', 'https://openalex.org/W2289859486', 'https://openalex.org/W2281453906', 'https://openalex.org/W2281293543', 'https://openalex.org/W2241147081', 'https://openalex.org/W1630186597'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Permafrost,': [0], 'defined': [1], 'as': [2, 125, 159, 161, 225, 227, 331, 742, 744], 'ground': [3, 99, 357], 'that': [4, 376, 452, 542, 556, 617, 712, 787], 'is': [5, 13, 118, 189, 196, 435, 475, 505, 554, 563, 773, 800], 'frozen': [6, 115, 378, 472, 507, 764], 'for': [7, 204, 303, 423, 428, 441, 659, 778], 'at': [8], 'least': [9], 'two': [10, 387, 466], 'consecutive': [11], 'years,': [12], 'a': [14, 106, 244, 254, 263, 270, 276, 286, 413, 463, 480, 566, 586, 651, 668, 713, 759], 'distinct': [15, 388], 'feature': [16], 'of': [17, 27, 31, 63, 98, 109, 146, 154, 157, 199, 229, 266, 306, 311, 338, 347, 386, 415, 465, 478, 501, 568, 589, 599, 613, 635, 674, 762, 769, 792], 'the': [18, 28, 32, 121, 143, 147, 152, 155, 164, 192, 197, 200, 297, 304, 335, 342, 348, 382, 420, 426, 429, 450, 456, 511, 519, 523, 559, 579, 582, 600, 618, 628, 633, 636, 660, 683, 694, 705, 717, 734, 755, 770, 790, 797, 806, 816, 820], 'terrestrial': [19], 'unglaciated': [20], 'Arctic.': [21], 'It': [22], 'covers': [23], 'approximately': [24], 'one': [25], 'quarter': [26], 'land': [29], 'area': [30], 'Northern': [33], 'Hemisphere': [34], '(23,000,000': [35], 'km²).': [36], 'Arctic': [37], 'landscapes,': [38], 'especially': [39], 'those': [40], 'underlain': [41], 'by': [42, 46, 92, 461, 642, 682, 693, 704, 716, 739, 802, 819], 'permafrost,': [43, 75], 'are': [44, 326], 'threatened': [45], 'climate': [47, 485], 'warming': [48, 130, 271, 657, 691, 818], 'and': [49, 61, 69, 77, 131, 136, 170, 219, 223, 237, 261, 317, 360, 364, 368, 393, 405, 438, 444, 496, 508, 516, 535, 544, 574, 581, 593, 627, 647, 679, 686, 775], 'may': [50, 810], 'degrade': [51], 'in': [52, 191, 221, 269, 320, 381, 397, 565, 604, 650], 'different': [53, 597, 624], 'ways,': [54], 'including': [55, 215, 351, 578, 754], 'active': [56, 122, 520], 'layer': [57], 'deepening,': [58], 'thermal': [59], 'erosion,': [60], 'development': [62], 'rapid': [64, 76], 'thaw': [65, 79, 103, 135], 'features.': [66], 'In': [67], 'Siberian': [68, 322, 367], 'Alaskan': [70, 369], 'late': [71, 735], 'Pleistocene': [72, 736], 'ice-rich': [73], 'Yedoma': [74, 158, 182, 193, 201, 273, 307, 339, 383, 391, 400, 431, 457, 534, 543, 609, 730, 756, 771], 'deep': [78, 85, 377, 644, 803], 'processes': [80, 314, 324, 649, 746], '(called': [81], 'thermokarst)': [82], 'can': [83], 'mobilize': [84], 'organic': [86, 116, 166, 187, 231, 352, 379, 410, 473, 499, 524, 537, 546, 561, 590, 601, 619, 637, 765, 794, 798], 'carbon': [87, 117, 123, 137, 167, 171, 188, 203, 259, 267, 353, 380, 433, 459, 474, 482, 513, 521, 645, 653, 669, 695, 768], '(below': [88], '3': [89], 'm': [90], 'depth)': [91], 'surface': [93, 726], 'subsidence': [94], 'due': [95], 'to': [96, 150, 162, 328, 468, 484, 608, 676, 702, 723, 813, 815], 'loss': [97], 'ice.': [100], 'Increased': [101], 'permafrost': [102, 134, 481, 491, 652, 663, 672, 699, 752, 788, 808], 'could': [104], 'cause': [105], 'feedback': [107, 483], 'loop': [108], 'global': [110, 724, 817], 'significance': [111], 'if': [112], 'its': [113], 'stored': [114, 190, 603], 'reintroduced': [119, 517], 'into': [120, 518, 533], 'cycle': [124], 'greenhouse': [126], 'gases,': [127], 'which': [128, 325, 502], 'accelerate': [129], 'inducing': [132, 479], 'more': [133], 'release.': [138], 'To': [139, 242], 'assess': [140, 163], 'this': [141, 247, 372, 471], 'concern,': [142], 'major': [144, 389], 'objective': [145], 'thesis': [148, 248, 373], 'was': [149, 737], 'enhance': [151], 'understanding': [153], 'origin': [156, 305, 337], 'well': [160, 226, 743], 'associated': [165], 'pool': [168, 460], 'size': [169], 'quality': [172, 539, 551, 592, 614, 791], '(concerning': [173], 'degradability).': [174], 'The': [175, 309, 487, 571, 689, 708, 750, 767], 'key': [176, 349], 'research': [177, 210], 'questions': [178], 'were:\r\n-': [179], 'How': [180, 185], 'did': [181], 'deposits': [183, 392, 395, 401, 407, 606], 'accumulate?\r\n-': [184], 'much': [186], 'region?\r\n-': [194], 'What': [195], 'susceptibility': [198], "region's": [202], 'future': [205], 'decomposition?\r\nTo': [206], 'address': [207], 'these': [208, 453], 'three': [209], 'questions,': [211], 'an': [212], 'interdisciplinary': [213], 'approach,': [214], 'detailed': [216], 'field': [217], 'studies': [218, 540], 'sampling': [220], 'Siberia': [222], 'Alaska': [224], 'methods': [228], 'sedimentology,': [230], 'biogeochemistry,': [232], 'remote': [233], 'sensing,': [234], 'statistical': [235], 'analyses,': [236], 'computational': [238], 'modeling': [239], 'were': [240, 282], 'applied.': [241], 'provide': [243], 'panarctic': [245], 'context,': [246], 'additionally': [249], 'includes': [250], 'results': [251, 530, 666], 'both': [252], 'from': [253, 262, 366, 510, 531, 671, 697], 'newly': [255], 'compiled': [256], 'northern': [257, 489, 661, 807], 'circumpolar': [258, 490, 662], 'database': [260], 'model': [264, 665, 709], 'assessment': [265], 'fluxes': [268], 'Arctic.\r\nThe': [272], 'samples': [274, 281], 'show': [275, 585, 667], 'homogeneous': [277], 'grain-size': [278, 288], 'composition.': [279], 'All': [280], 'poorly': [283], 'sorted': [284], 'with': [285], 'multi-modal': [287], 'distribution,': [289], 'indicating': [290], 'various': [291, 656], '(re-)': [292], 'transport': [293], 'processes.': [294], 'This': [295, 553, 611], 'contradicts': [296], 'popular': [298], 'pure': [299], 'loess': [300, 330], 'deposition': [301], 'hypothesis': [302], 'permafrost.': [308], 'absence': [310], 'large-scale': [312], 'grinding': [313], 'via': [315], 'glaciers': [316], 'ice': [318, 358], 'sheets': [319], 'northeast': [321], 'lowlands,': [323], 'necessary': [327], 'create': [329], 'material': [332], 'source,': [333], 'suggests': [334], 'polygenetic': [336], 'deposits.\r\nBased': [340], 'on': [341, 419, 623], 'largest': [343], 'available': [344, 777], 'data': [345], 'set': [346], 'parameters,': [350], 'content,': [354, 359], 'bulk': [355], 'density,': [356], 'deposit': [361, 731], 'volume': [362], '(thickness': [363], 'coverage)': [365], 'study': [370], 'sites,': [371], 'further': [374, 714], 'shows': [375, 616, 786], 'region': [384, 432, 458, 492, 772, 809], 'consists': [385], 'reservoirs,': [390], 'thermokarst': [394, 406, 536, 545, 605, 648], '(formed': [396], 'thaw-lake': [398], 'basins).': [399], 'contain': [402], '~80': [403], 'Gt': [404, 409, 498, 678, 681], '~130': [408], 'carbon,': [411, 500], 'or': [412], 'total': [414, 430], '~210': [416], 'Gt.': [417], 'Depending': [418], 'approach': [421], 'used': [422], 'calculating': [424], 'uncertainty,': [425], 'range': [427, 588], 'store': [434], '±75': [436], '%': [437, 440, 504], '±20': [439], 'conservative': [442], 'single': [443], 'multiple': [445], 'bootstrapping': [446], 'calculations,': [447], 'respectively.': [448, 688], 'Despite': [449], 'fact': [451], 'findings': [454], 'reduce': [455], 'nearly': [462], 'factor': [464], 'compared': [467, 607], 'previous': [469, 629], 'estimates,': [470], 'still': [476], 'capable': [477], 'warming.': [486], 'complete': [488], 'contains': [493, 758], 'between': [494], '1100': [495], '1500': [497], '~60': [503], 'perennially': [506], 'decoupled': [509], 'short-term': [512], 'cycle.\r\nWhen': [514], 'thawed': [515], 'cycle,': [522], 'matter': [525, 538, 547, 562, 591, 602, 620, 638, 799], 'qualities': [526, 598], 'become': [527], 'relevant.': [528], 'Furthermore,': [529], 'investigations': [532], 'showed': [541], 'exhibit': [548], 'no': [549, 595], 'depth-dependent': [550], 'trend.': [552], 'evidence': [555], 'after': [557, 780], 'freezing,': [558], 'ancient': [560, 793], 'preserved': [564], 'state': [567], 'constant': [569], 'quality.': [570], 'applied': [572], 'alkane': [573], 'fatty-acid-based': [575], 'biomarker': [576], 'proxies': [577], 'carbon-preference': [580], 'higher-land-plant-fatty-acid': [583], 'indices': [584], 'broad': [587], 'thus': [594], 'significantly': [596], 'deposits.': [610], 'lack': [612], 'differences': [615], 'biodegradability': [621], 'depends': [622], 'decomposition': [625, 779], 'trajectories': [626], 'decomposition/incorporation': [630], 'history.': [631], 'Finally,': [632], 'fate': [634], 'has': [639], 'been': [640], 'assessed': [641], 'implementing': [643], 'pools': [646], 'model.': [654], 'Under': [655], 'scenarios': [658], 'region,': [664, 753, 757], 'release': [670, 696], 'regions': [673], 'up': [675, 812], '~140': [677], '~310': [680], 'years': [684], '2100': [685], '2300,': [687], 'additional': [690], 'caused': [692], 'newly-thawed': [698], 'contributes': [700], '0.03': [701], '0.14°C': [703], 'year': [706, 821], '2100.': [707], 'simulations': [710], 'predict': [711], 'increase': [715], '23rd': [718], 'century': [719], 'will': [720], 'add': [721, 811], '0.4°C': [722, 814], 'mean': [725], 'air': [727], 'temperatures.\r\nIn': [728], 'conclusion,': [729], 'formation': [732], 'during': [733], 'dominated': [738], 'water-related': [740], '(alluvial/fluvial/lacustrine)': [741], 'aeolian': [745], 'under': [747], 'periglacial': [748], 'conditions.': [749], 'circumarctic': [751], 'substantial': [760], 'amount': [761], 'currently': [763], 'carbon.': [766], 'well-preserved': [774], 'therefore': [776], 'thaw.': [781], 'A': [782], 'missing': [783], 'quality-depth': [784], 'trend': [785], 'preserves': [789], 'matter.': [795], 'When': [796], 'mobilized': [801], 'degradation': [804], 'processes,': [805], '2300.': [822]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2980119166', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-12T05:58:30.262352', 'created_date': '2019-10-18'}