Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2970142969', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s00778-019-00568-7', 'title': 'Spatial crowdsourcing: a survey', 'display_name': 'Spatial crowdsourcing: a survey', 'publication_year': 2019, 'publication_date': '2019-08-29', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2970142969', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s00778-019-00568-7', 'mag': '2970142969'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s00778-019-00568-7', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S78926909', 'display_name': 'The VLDB Journal', 'issn_l': '1066-8888', 'issn': ['1066-8888', '0949-877X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/4935', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5051874566', 'display_name': 'Yongxin Tong', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5598-0312'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I82880672', 'display_name': 'Beihang University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00wk2mp56', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I82880672']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yongxin Tong', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing and International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University, Beijing, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing and International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University, Beijing, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I82880672']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5011140675', 'display_name': 'Zimu Zhou', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5457-6967'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I35440088', 'display_name': 'ETH Zurich', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05a28rw58', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799323385', 'https://openalex.org/I35440088']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Zimu Zhou', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I35440088']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023048803', 'display_name': 'Yuxiang Zeng', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0126-3083'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I200769079', 'display_name': 'Hong Kong University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00q4vv597', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I200769079']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I889458895', 'display_name': 'University of Hong Kong', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02zhqgq86', 'country_code': 'HK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I889458895']}], 'countries': ['CN', 'HK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yuxiang Zeng', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I200769079', 'https://openalex.org/I889458895']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100333516', 'display_name': 'Lei Chen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8257-5806'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I200769079', 'display_name': 'Hong Kong University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00q4vv597', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I200769079']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I889458895', 'display_name': 'University of Hong Kong', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02zhqgq86', 'country_code': 'HK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I889458895']}], 'countries': ['CN', 'HK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Lei Chen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I200769079', 'https://openalex.org/I889458895']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012068017', 'display_name': 'Cyrus Shahabi', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9118-0681'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1174212', 'display_name': 'University of Southern California', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03taz7m60', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1174212']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Cyrus Shahabi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1174212']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 4, 'institutions_distinct_count': 5, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2290, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 2890, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 34.197, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 216, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999826, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '29', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '217', 'last_page': '250'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11704', 'display_name': 'Crowdsourcing for Research and Data Collection', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1706', 'display_name': 'Computer Science Applications'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11704', 'display_name': 'Crowdsourcing for Research and Data Collection', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1706', 'display_name': 'Computer Science Applications'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10764', 'display_name': 'Privacy-Preserving Techniques for Data Analysis and Machine Learning', 'score': 0.9983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11980', 'display_name': 'Understanding Human Mobility Patterns', 'score': 0.9965, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3313', 'display_name': 'Transportation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing', 'display_name': 'Crowdsourcing', 'score': 0.645121}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/social-sensing', 'display_name': 'Social Sensing', 'score': 0.519512}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/participatory-sensing', 'display_name': 'Participatory Sensing', 'score': 0.504592}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing-software-development', 'display_name': 'Crowdsourcing software development', 'score': 0.45958605}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62230096', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969', 'display_name': 'Crowdsourcing', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9954845}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2522767166', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463', 'display_name': 'Data science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.665007}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.65346605}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780451532', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676', 'display_name': 'Task (project management)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.60608596}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C29122968', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816', 'display_name': 'Incentive', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.56129444}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110875604', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75', 'display_name': 'The Internet', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5248746}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779530757', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505', 'display_name': 'Quality (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.51047266}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C32810761', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17082146', 'display_name': 'Crowdsourcing software development', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.45958605}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159620131', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983', 'display_name': 'Spatial analysis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41641003}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136764020', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466', 'display_name': 'World Wide Web', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3217361}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.1395044}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.13585618}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C186846655', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377', 'display_name': 'Software construction', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62649853', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687', 'display_name': 'Remote sensing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C201995342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496', 'display_name': 'Systems engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777904410', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397', 'display_name': 'Software', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149091818', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814', 'display_name': 'Software system', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175444787', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072', 'display_name': 'Microeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s00778-019-00568-7', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S78926909', 'display_name': 'The VLDB Journal', 'issn_l': '1066-8888', 'issn': ['1066-8888', '0949-877X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/4935', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401925', 'display_name': 'Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I79891267', 'host_organization_name': 'Singapore Management University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I79891267'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Singapore Management University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/4935', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401925', 'display_name': 'Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge (InK) (Singapore Management University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I79891267', 'host_organization_name': 'Singapore Management University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I79891267'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Singapore Management University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.71, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11', 'display_name': 'Sustainable cities and communities'}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320321001', 'funder_display_name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'award_id': '61729201'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320335465', 'funder_display_name': 'National Outstanding Youth Foundation of China', 'award_id': '61822201'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 237, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W122351777', 'https://openalex.org/W1484478710', 'https://openalex.org/W1497882404', 'https://openalex.org/W1522394790', 'https://openalex.org/W1560943167', 'https://openalex.org/W1587988690', 'https://openalex.org/W1680189815', 'https://openalex.org/W1899379166', 'https://openalex.org/W1923372423', 'https://openalex.org/W1946208861', 'https://openalex.org/W1968545881', 'https://openalex.org/W1970579617', 'https://openalex.org/W1970592111', 'https://openalex.org/W1971553215', 'https://openalex.org/W1973141741', 'https://openalex.org/W1974554406', 'https://openalex.org/W1976535029', 'https://openalex.org/W1976993400', 'https://openalex.org/W1977545325', 'https://openalex.org/W1978382073', 'https://openalex.org/W1979990434', 'https://openalex.org/W1985777504', 'https://openalex.org/W1985926365', 'https://openalex.org/W1989750313', 'https://openalex.org/W1989781795', 'https://openalex.org/W1990110120', 'https://openalex.org/W1993116423', 'https://openalex.org/W1994718521', 'https://openalex.org/W1998498767', 'https://openalex.org/W2002531683', 'https://openalex.org/W2003863309', 'https://openalex.org/W2010060477', 'https://openalex.org/W2011039300', 'https://openalex.org/W2011730242', 'https://openalex.org/W2013390525', 'https://openalex.org/W2028796207', 'https://openalex.org/W2029396991', 'https://openalex.org/W2029945631', 'https://openalex.org/W2036268824', 'https://openalex.org/W2036698797', 'https://openalex.org/W2039482292', 'https://openalex.org/W2047328790', 'https://openalex.org/W2048837158', 'https://openalex.org/W2050576295', 'https://openalex.org/W2056225838', 'https://openalex.org/W2056397007', 'https://openalex.org/W2058494699', 'https://openalex.org/W2059378307', 'https://openalex.org/W2059618043', 'https://openalex.org/W2068115726', 'https://openalex.org/W2075364600', 'https://openalex.org/W2077182069', 'https://openalex.org/W2077524676', 'https://openalex.org/W2082894754', 'https://openalex.org/W2085480884', 'https://openalex.org/W2085828369', 'https://openalex.org/W2085938855', 'https://openalex.org/W2088492763', 'https://openalex.org/W2093153678', 'https://openalex.org/W2093825590', 'https://openalex.org/W2101429492', 'https://openalex.org/W2103491965', 'https://openalex.org/W2106217851', 'https://openalex.org/W2108834246', 'https://openalex.org/W2109426455', 'https://openalex.org/W2112420033', 'https://openalex.org/W2113654320', 'https://openalex.org/W2113786286', 'https://openalex.org/W2113873983', 'https://openalex.org/W2113878109', 'https://openalex.org/W2118269922', 'https://openalex.org/W2121117737', 'https://openalex.org/W2122290076', 'https://openalex.org/W2122944131', 'https://openalex.org/W2123820077', 'https://openalex.org/W2126895033', 'https://openalex.org/W2127526138', 'https://openalex.org/W2127811403', 'https://openalex.org/W2130859215', 'https://openalex.org/W2132172731', 'https://openalex.org/W2134305421', 'https://openalex.org/W2134797264', 'https://openalex.org/W2141434237', 'https://openalex.org/W2141649520', 'https://openalex.org/W2142518823', 'https://openalex.org/W2151489238', 'https://openalex.org/W2151700547', 'https://openalex.org/W2156001253', 'https://openalex.org/W2157861192', 'https://openalex.org/W2158608926', 'https://openalex.org/W2159024459', 'https://openalex.org/W2162006472', 'https://openalex.org/W2162656786', 'https://openalex.org/W2165558283', 'https://openalex.org/W2166183959', 'https://openalex.org/W2170675255', 'https://openalex.org/W2177963065', 'https://openalex.org/W2181907826', 'https://openalex.org/W2185875933', 'https://openalex.org/W2196824873', 'https://openalex.org/W2207815291', 'https://openalex.org/W2210284195', 'https://openalex.org/W2259955458', 'https://openalex.org/W2270455647', 'https://openalex.org/W2281858190', 'https://openalex.org/W2288352304', 'https://openalex.org/W2290626493', 'https://openalex.org/W2292840011', 'https://openalex.org/W2293201672', 'https://openalex.org/W2293794854', 'https://openalex.org/W2294346744', 'https://openalex.org/W2295274877', 'https://openalex.org/W2295817712', 'https://openalex.org/W2295981146', 'https://openalex.org/W2321965247', 'https://openalex.org/W2327434152', 'https://openalex.org/W2329105431', 'https://openalex.org/W2338138855', 'https://openalex.org/W2339328004', 'https://openalex.org/W2340432473', 'https://openalex.org/W2343724996', 'https://openalex.org/W2359496781', 'https://openalex.org/W2381596065', 'https://openalex.org/W2401447850', 'https://openalex.org/W2401584318', 'https://openalex.org/W2412667021', 'https://openalex.org/W2430704425', 'https://openalex.org/W2439965388', 'https://openalex.org/W2443200919', 'https://openalex.org/W2463008130', 'https://openalex.org/W2467020497', 'https://openalex.org/W2467748160', 'https://openalex.org/W2467923433', 'https://openalex.org/W2473515811', 'https://openalex.org/W2483823355', 'https://openalex.org/W2487598231', 'https://openalex.org/W2523778000', 'https://openalex.org/W2525830997', 'https://openalex.org/W2550663123', 'https://openalex.org/W2561675875', 'https://openalex.org/W2565420248', 'https://openalex.org/W2566050141', 'https://openalex.org/W2569244175', 'https://openalex.org/W2574840814', 'https://openalex.org/W2583454074', 'https://openalex.org/W2585226541', 'https://openalex.org/W2588195169', 'https://openalex.org/W2600263062', 'https://openalex.org/W2602918972', 'https://openalex.org/W2605318711', 'https://openalex.org/W2608394281', 'https://openalex.org/W2608833567', 'https://openalex.org/W2612925715', 'https://openalex.org/W2613610841', 'https://openalex.org/W2614461528', 'https://openalex.org/W2614598347', 'https://openalex.org/W2625215447', 'https://openalex.org/W2730961819', 'https://openalex.org/W2740412304', 'https://openalex.org/W2740660508', 'https://openalex.org/W2741377566', 'https://openalex.org/W2742211145', 'https://openalex.org/W2743316574', 'https://openalex.org/W2750046462', 'https://openalex.org/W2751717865', 'https://openalex.org/W2751927106', 'https://openalex.org/W2753741836', 'https://openalex.org/W2754946945', 'https://openalex.org/W2756436983', 'https://openalex.org/W2757146646', 'https://openalex.org/W2762393395', 'https://openalex.org/W2767312068', 'https://openalex.org/W2770460298', 'https://openalex.org/W2779631995', 'https://openalex.org/W2782951876', 'https://openalex.org/W2785650693', 'https://openalex.org/W2788238688', 'https://openalex.org/W2789143183', 'https://openalex.org/W2791722231', 'https://openalex.org/W2794765870', 'https://openalex.org/W2794767117', 'https://openalex.org/W2794925497', 'https://openalex.org/W2795354670', 'https://openalex.org/W2798550789', 'https://openalex.org/W2798728990', 'https://openalex.org/W2800888853', 'https://openalex.org/W2801650131', 'https://openalex.org/W2803846618', 'https://openalex.org/W2805610629', 'https://openalex.org/W2808205696', 'https://openalex.org/W2809080881', 'https://openalex.org/W2837701651', 'https://openalex.org/W2885935450', 'https://openalex.org/W2888948932', 'https://openalex.org/W2889125237', 'https://openalex.org/W2890401796', 'https://openalex.org/W2890770251', 'https://openalex.org/W2890861208', 'https://openalex.org/W2898372930', 'https://openalex.org/W2900464433', 'https://openalex.org/W2901533797', 'https://openalex.org/W2901712717', 'https://openalex.org/W2903602506', 'https://openalex.org/W2911456401', 'https://openalex.org/W2911978475', 'https://openalex.org/W2934663705', 'https://openalex.org/W294018504', 'https://openalex.org/W2944349774', 'https://openalex.org/W2948602552', 'https://openalex.org/W2949565166', 'https://openalex.org/W2950014839', 'https://openalex.org/W2951400471', 'https://openalex.org/W2952036873', 'https://openalex.org/W2952933729', 'https://openalex.org/W2962973893', 'https://openalex.org/W2962989976', 'https://openalex.org/W2963014036', 'https://openalex.org/W2963115083', 'https://openalex.org/W2963469637', 'https://openalex.org/W2963487110', 'https://openalex.org/W2964788635', 'https://openalex.org/W2992811671', 'https://openalex.org/W3104241387', 'https://openalex.org/W3124140999', 'https://openalex.org/W3125143580', 'https://openalex.org/W4205585032', 'https://openalex.org/W4205765703', 'https://openalex.org/W4213060883', 'https://openalex.org/W4237102200', 'https://openalex.org/W4239749705', 'https://openalex.org/W4242517206', 'https://openalex.org/W4250340495', 'https://openalex.org/W4298853869', 'https://openalex.org/W4302486523', 'https://openalex.org/W561882003', 'https://openalex.org/W618402016', 'https://openalex.org/W769686856'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2548342535', 'https://openalex.org/W2520748299', 'https://openalex.org/W2520160102', 'https://openalex.org/W2512762878', 'https://openalex.org/W2511805441', 'https://openalex.org/W2397281630', 'https://openalex.org/W2046555014', 'https://openalex.org/W2033745466', 'https://openalex.org/W2011363905', 'https://openalex.org/W162737300'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Crowdsourcing': [0], 'is': [1, 28], 'a': [2, 11, 53, 64, 129], 'computing': [3, 12], 'paradigm': [4], 'where': [5, 44], 'humans': [6, 22], 'are': [7, 18, 46, 153], 'actively': [8], 'involved': [9], 'in': [10, 35, 110], 'task,': [13], 'especially': [14], 'for': [15, 21, 24, 73, 170], 'tasks': [16, 45], 'that': [17, 165], 'intrinsically': [19], 'easier': [20], 'than': [23], 'computers.': [25], 'Spatial': [26], 'crowdsourcing': [27, 34, 61, 147, 173], 'an': [29], 'increasing': [30], 'popular': [31], 'category': [32], 'of': [33, 38, 66, 100, 134], 'the': [36, 91, 97, 138], 'era': [37], 'mobile': [39], 'Internet': [40], 'and': [41, 48, 56, 77, 79, 84, 93, 123, 131, 149, 175], 'sharing': [42, 71], 'economy,': [43], 'spatiotemporal': [47, 80], 'must': [49], 'be': [50, 168], 'completed': [51], 'at': [52], 'specific': [54], 'location': [55], 'time.': [57], 'In': [58], 'fact,': [59], 'spatial': [60, 101, 111, 146, 172], 'has': [62], 'stimulated': [63], 'series': [65], 'recent': [67], 'industrial': [68], 'successes': [69], 'including': [70], 'economy': [72], 'urban': [74], 'services': [75], '(Uber': [76], 'Gigwalk)': [78], 'data': [81], 'collection': [82], '(OpenStreetMap': [83], 'Waze).': [85], 'This': [86], 'survey': [87], 'dives': [88], 'deep': [89], 'into': [90], 'challenges': [92], 'techniques': [94], 'brought': [95], 'by': [96, 155], 'unique': [98], 'characteristics': [99], 'crowdsourcing.': [102], 'Particularly,': [103], 'we': [104, 161], 'identify': [105], 'four': [106, 140, 157], 'core': [107], 'algorithmic': [108], 'issues': [109], 'crowdsourcing:': [112], '(1)': [113], 'task': [114], 'assignment,': [115], '(2)': [116], 'quality': [117], 'control,': [118], '(3)': [119], 'incentive': [120], 'mechanism': [121], 'design,': [122], '(4)': [124], 'privacy': [125], 'protection.': [126], 'We': [127, 142], 'conduct': [128], 'comprehensive': [130], 'systematic': [132], 'review': [133], 'existing': [135], 'research': [136, 174], 'on': [137], 'aforementioned': [139], 'issues.': [141, 159], 'also': [143], 'analyze': [144], 'representative': [145], 'applications': [148], 'explain': [150], 'how': [151], 'they': [152], 'enabled': [154], 'these': [156], 'technical': [158], 'Finally,': [160], 'discuss': [162], 'open': [163], 'questions': [164], 'need': [166], 'to': [167], 'addressed': [169], 'future': [171], 'applications.': [176]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2970142969', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 58}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 59}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 43}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-18T04:09:04.338797', 'created_date': '2019-09-05'}