The Impact of Nocturia on Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Jori S. Pesonen; Rufus Cartwright; Robin W.M. Vernooij; Yoshitaka Aoki; Arnav Agarwal; Altaf Mangera; Alayne D. Markland; Johnson F. Tsui; Henrikki Santti; Tomas L. Griebling; Alexey Pryalukhin; Jarno Riikonen; Riikka M. Tähtinen; Camille P. Vaughan; T M Johnson; Anssi Auvinen; Diane Heels‐Ansdell; Gordon Guyatt; Kari A.O. Tikkinen
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[542, 841, 1180, 1183, 1195, 1230, 1405, 1768, 1864, 2240, 2969, 3056, 3881, 4074], 'sleep': [543, 553, 842, 874, 3939, 3989, 4008, 4029, 4054], 'at': [544, 843, 1282, 1288, 1304, 1672, 2441, 3023, 3120, 3124, 3468, 3472], 'night': [545, 719, 731, 844, 2809, 2821, 2868, 2887, 3267, 3395], 'void)': [547, 846], 'a': [549, 573, 587, 591, 671, 680, 738, 796, 803, 870, 907, 913, 920, 960, 1033, 1127, 1133, 1277, 1480, 1517, 1553, 1558, 1606, 1615, 1774, 1782, 1785, 1799, 1947, 1972, 2025, 2097, 2114, 2117, 2124, 2134, 2219, 2243, 2270, 2369, 2851, 2859, 2878, 2955, 2970, 3003, 3057, 3512, 3526, 3537, 3577, 3611, 3645, 3658, 3705, 3709, 3759, 3840, 3930, 3998, 4063, 4156, 4180, 4196], 'common': [550, 852, 871, 3799], 'cause': [551, 681, 804, 872, 1590, 1616, 3178, 3646, 4157], 'disruption': [554, 875, 4030], 'associated': [555, 814, 883, 905, 1581, 2360, 3403, 3579, 4163], 'with': [556, 584, 634, 746, 815, 862, 884, 906, 940, 979, 993, 1069, 1276, 1341, 1582, 1610, 1745, 1757, 1765, 2003, 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'meta-analysis': [577, 900, 1061, 2273, 3535, 3760, 4181], 'evaluate': [579, 1636], 'association': [581, 976, 992, 1066, 1102, 1110, 1742, 1886, 2141, 2457, 3327, 3606, 3748, 3858, 4042], 'nocturia': [583, 669, 699, 778, 794, 859, 881, 903, 931, 941, 958, 978, 990, 1009, 1018, 1035, 1068, 1076, 1090, 1123, 1303, 1580, 1589, 1603, 1706, 1744, 1793, 1880, 1942, 2002, 2045, 2061, 2099, 2143, 2220, 2290, 2302, 2359, 2843, 3022, 3043, 3136, 3171, 3253, 3318, 3329, 3343, 3392, 3402, 3510, 3524, 3565, 3578, 3626, 3643, 3703, 3750, 3763, 3809, 3829, 3838, 3860, 3900, 3918, 3981, 4038, 4044, 4102, 4141, 4154, 4190], 'as': [586, 670, 679, 713, 725, 795, 799, 802, 807, 887, 959, 1019, 1021, 1126, 1132, 1154, 1442, 1444, 1486, 1523, 1539, 1552, 1605, 1614, 1671, 1930, 2036, 2129, 2803, 2815, 2831, 2833, 3172, 3292, 3507, 3511, 3519, 3525, 3550, 3627, 3644, 3704, 3839, 3906, 3941, 3959, 4031, 4092, 4155], 'prognostic': [588, 672, 797, 1128, 1607, 1630, 3173, 3513, 3628, 3706], 'factor': [589, 674, 798, 963, 1130, 1608, 3174, 3515, 3528, 3629, 3707, 3711], 'causal': [592, 924, 1134, 3527, 3710, 4099], 'risk': [593, 647, 673, 768, 781, 820, 909, 915, 935, 962, 1050, 1129, 1350, 1369, 1611, 1638, 1676, 1723, 1821, 1920, 2049, 2119, 2158, 3126, 3197, 3346, 3411, 3474, 3487, 3514, 3587, 3633, 3673, 3793], 'factor.': [594], 'Materials': [595, 1136], 'Methods:': [597], 'searched': [599, 1176, 1204, 1254], 'PubMed®,': [600], 'Scopus®,': [601], 'CINAHL®': [602, 1186], '(Cumulative': [603, 1187], 'Index': [604, 1188], 'Nursing': [606, 1190], 'Allied': [608, 1192], 'Literature)': [610, 1194], 'major': [612], 'conference': [613, 1206, 2343, 2354], 'abstracts': [614, 1346, 2332, 2344], 'up': [615, 1197, 1548], 'December': [617, 1199], '31,': [618, 1200], '2018.': [619, 1201], 'Random': [620], 'effects': [621, 1838, 2027, 2272, 3740, 3898], 'meta-analyses': [622, 3321], 'were': [623, 1293, 1845, 2314, 2402, 2763, 2780, 2933, 3495, 3798, 3890, 3949, 4217], 'done': [624, 2781], 'address': [626, 1870], 'adjusted': [628, 1862, 1908, 3096, 3361, 3816], 'RR': [629, 739, 1800, 1804, 3112, 3190, 3314, 3542], 'in': [632, 720, 732, 755, 864, 1017, 1106, 1144, 1286, 1372, 1509, 1540, 1562, 1593, 1641, 1651, 1704, 1824, 1944, 2024, 2146, 2208, 2212, 2229, 2242, 2269, 2283, 2320, 2425, 2785, 2793, 2810, 2822, 2828, 2835, 2844, 2892, 2938, 2944, 2950, 3017, 3115, 3131, 3269, 3315, 3336, 3372, 3405, 3431, 3434, 3505, 3540, 3545, 3581, 3741, 3864, 4015, 4021, 4219], 'people': [633, 939, 1825, 2198, 3377, 3546, 3980], 'nocturia.': [635, 3439, 3946], 'Meta-regression': [636], 'was': [637, 711, 1062, 2801, 2907, 2963, 3148, 3356, 3412, 3789, 3919, 4072, 4079, 4120], 'explore': [640, 1997], 'potential': [641, 1719, 1854, 2037, 3942, 3960, 4035, 4098], 'determinants': [642], 'heterogeneity,': [644, 2040], 'including': [645, 1178, 1324, 1499, 1694, 1856, 2041, 2056, 2362, 3118, 3466], 'bias.': [649, 1052, 2051, 2121], 'applied': [651, 4086], 'GRADE': [653, 826, 1474, 1511, 1627, 3286, 3698], '(Grades': [654], 'Recommendation,': [656, 829], 'Assessment,': [657, 830], 'Development': [658, 831], 'Evaluation)': [660], 'framework': [661, 1475, 1628], 'rate': [663, 1441, 3006, 4162], 'evidence': [667, 792, 1497, 1526, 1571, 1624, 3151, 3158, 3290, 3503, 3624, 3641, 3695, 3725, 4152], 'for': [668, 675, 695, 793, 1163, 1169, 1234, 1365, 1431, 1447, 1476, 1629, 1677, 1717, 1725, 1909, 2067, 2074, 2085, 2096, 2113, 2133, 2197, 2408, 2737, 2773, 2980, 2987, 3152, 3159, 3175, 3251, 3297, 3305, 3359, 3475, 3509, 3516, 3523, 3529, 3568, 3625, 3642, 3700, 3712, 3827, 4053, 4068], 'separately': [678], 'mortality.': [683, 980, 1078, 1726, 2004, 3648, 3713, 3752], 'Results:': [684], 'Of': [685], '5,230': [687, 2331], 'identified': [688, 2934, 3463], 'reports': [689, 1364, 1407, 2340, 2622], '11': [690, 2380, 3116, 3183, 3464], 'observational': [691, 1483, 1520, 1568, 3289], 'studies': [692, 701, 722, 1275, 1301, 1317, 1374, 1457, 1484, 1514, 1521, 1542, 1644, 1670, 1687, 2241, 2423, 2812, 2996, 3019, 3026, 3038, 3051, 3077, 3086, 3093, 3146, 3182, 3245, 3494, 3665, 3834, 3871, 3937, 4019, 4085], 'proved': [693, 3129], 'eligible': [694, 1373, 2337, 3784], 'inclusion.': [696], 'To': [697, 1003, 1595, 1732, 1759, 1869, 2753, 3020, 4171], 'assess': [698, 1005, 3021, 3879], '10': [700, 1914, 1916, 2090, 2092, 3025, 3076], 'used': [702, 707, 1157, 1336, 1430, 1755, 1993, 2053, 2976, 3027, 3032, 3064, 3296, 3304], 'symptom': [703, 2836, 3028, 3909], 'questionnaires': [704, 3029], '1': [706, 1393, 1959, 1980, 1988, 2353, 2953, 2965, 2975, 3008, 3031, 3046, 3102, 3264, 3446, 3852, 4175], 'frequency-volume': [708, 3033], 'charts.': [709, 3034], 'defined': [712, 2802, 3549], '2': [714, 1359, 1953, 1967, 2106, 2223, 2390, 2507, 2614, 2667, 2804, 2863, 2939, 3119, 3162, 3258, 3279, 3389, 3454, 3467, 3551, 4017], 'or': [715, 727, 784, 1237, 1248, 1298, 1557, 1674, 1750, 1784, 1905, 1918, 1954, 1958, 1962, 1979, 1983, 1987, 2071, 2083, 2094, 2103, 2107, 2168, 2224, 2395, 2758, 2805, 2817, 2864, 2871, 2883, 2903, 3259, 3263, 3349, 3390, 3445, 3455, 3552, 3554, 3556, 3810, 3814, 3910, 3915, 3929], 'more': [716, 728, 948, 1391, 1955, 1963, 1984, 2104, 2108, 2225, 2806, 2818, 2865, 2884, 2922, 3260, 3391, 3456, 3557, 4087], 'episodes': [717, 729, 2807, 2819, 3393, 3558], 'per': [718, 730, 1969, 1990, 2110, 2227, 2262, 2808, 2820, 2867, 2886, 3266, 3394, 3448, 3458, 3559], '6': [721, 2811], '(55%)': [723, 2813, 3094], '3': [726, 1284, 1892, 1961, 1982, 2743, 2783, 2816, 2882, 3555, 3833], '5': [733, 2538, 2723, 2823, 3062, 3432], '(45%).': [734, 2824], 'Pooled': [735], 'estimates': [736, 765, 1604, 1736, 1940, 2217, 2268, 3097, 3324, 3745, 3836, 4052], 'demonstrated': [737], '1.27': [741, 3193], '(95%': [742, 3191, 4201], 'CI': [743, 2255, 3140, 4202], '1.16–1.40,': [744], 'I2=48%)': [745], 'an': [747, 816, 991, 1312, 1591, 1666, 1778, 2171, 3384, 3631, 3907, 4113], 'absolute': [748, 2151, 2157, 3409, 3427, 3585, 3739], '1.6%': [749, 3413, 3589], '4.0%': [751, 3596], '5-year': [752, 2156, 2188, 3408, 3584], 'difference': [754], 'individuals': [756, 2264, 2932, 3316, 3435], '60': [757, 2165, 3201, 3378, 3592], '75': [759, 2203, 3204, 3380, 3599], 'years': [760, 1297, 1903, 1917, 2082, 2093, 2166, 2206, 2768, 2901, 3381, 3433, 3593, 3600], 'old,': [761], 'respectively.': [762], 'pooled': [764, 1602, 1735, 1832, 2266, 2305, 3111, 3323, 4197], 'relative': [767, 1099, 1738, 1883, 2149, 3744], 'did': [769, 1241, 3332, 3607], 'not': [770, 985, 1242, 1585, 3333, 3608, 3878, 3895], 'differ': [771, 3334, 3609], 'significantly': [772, 3335], 'across': [773, 3610], 'varying': [774, 1089, 2791], 'age,': [775, 1086, 1112, 2043, 3340, 3569], 'gender,': [776, 1087, 1910, 2042, 2073, 3341], 'followup,': [777, 1088, 2044, 3342], 'case': [779, 2046, 2100, 2860, 2879, 2914, 3254, 3344, 3830], 'definition,': [780, 3345, 3831], 'bias': [783, 1096, 1352, 1371, 1640, 1678, 1691, 1922, 3016, 3348, 3476, 3675, 3795], 'study': [785, 1363, 1419, 1775, 1924, 2750, 2829, 2846, 2954, 2966, 3350, 3733, 3788, 3853], 'region.': [786], 'rated': [788, 1530, 1547, 3480, 3499], 'moderate': [800, 3149, 3508, 3622], 'very': [808, 1533, 3155, 3520, 3638], 'low.': [809], 'Conclusions:': [810], 'probably': [813], 'approximately': [817, 3397], '1.3-fold': [818, 914], 'death.': [822], 'Abbreviations': [823], 'Acronyms': [825], 'Grades': [827], 'Evaluation': [833], 'LUTS': [834, 2775], 'lower': [835, 2609, 2639, 3482], 'urinary': [836, 2610, 2640], 'tract': [837, 2611], 'symptoms': [838, 3958], '(awakening': [840], 'one': [848, 1012, 3983, 4032], 'most': [851, 3492], 'bothersome': [854], 'LUTS.1,2': [855], 'incidence': [857], 'increases': [860], 'markedly': [861], 'age': [863, 1422, 1857, 1874, 1893, 2076, 2172, 2232, 2310, 2739, 2741, 2794, 3385], 'women': [865, 2164, 2367], 'men.3': [867], 'Besides': [868], 'being': [869], 'life,': [880], 'comorbidities': [885, 1859], 'such': [886, 1551, 4091], 'diabetes,': [888], 'cardiovascular': [889], 'disease,': [890, 893], 'chronic': [891], 'respiratory': [892], 'neurological': [894], 'disease': [895], 'malignancy.4–6': [897], 'An': [898], 'accompanying': [899], 'demonstrates': [901], 'that': [902, 930, 2057, 3075, 3619, 4118], '1.2-fold': [908], 'falls': [911], 'fractures.7': [917], 'When': [918, 1390, 1842, 2178], 'suggesting': [919], 'number': [921, 3247, 3256, 3612, 3847], 'possible': [923, 1073, 1081, 1104, 1931], 'pathways,': [925], 'some': [926, 2393, 3244], 'authors': [927, 1454, 2381, 3684], 'postulated': [929], 'may': [932, 1495, 1528, 1544], 'increase': [933, 1592, 3404, 3539, 3580], 'death.8': [937], 'As': [938], 'tend': [942], 'be': [944, 965, 997, 1529, 1546, 1754, 2065, 3997, 4011], 'older': [945, 1001, 2904, 3979], 'are': [947, 1645, 3779], 'likely': [949, 3767], 'comorbid': [952, 3943], 'conditions,': [953], 'relevance': [955], 'using': [957, 1625, 1801, 1834, 1934, 2010, 2029, 2191, 2911, 2920, 3082, 3696], 'must': [964, 1013], 'considered': [966, 2991, 3036, 3074], 'according': [967], 'effect': [970, 1082, 1320, 1449, 1555, 1852, 1872, 1932, 2059, 3826, 4005, 4136], 'various': [972, 2599, 3572], 'confounders': [973, 1720, 1855, 3961], 'That': [981, 4193], 'is,': [982], 'we': [983, 1118, 1203, 1252, 1401, 1619, 1664, 1747, 1762, 1787, 1860, 1887, 2183, 2234, 2291, 3498, 3756, 3876, 3893, 3948], 'would': [984, 2064, 4010], 'want': [986], 'attribute': [988], 'death': [994, 1823, 2160, 2189, 2195, 2295, 2466, 2483, 2505, 2586, 2619, 2675, 2701, 2726, 3059, 3114, 3313, 3370, 3410, 3430, 3544, 3586, 3635, 4161], 'which': [995, 1287, 1565, 1688, 3491, 3765, 3991, 4185, 4215], 'could': [996, 1689, 3877, 3894], 'completely': [998], 'explained': [999], 'age.': [1002], 'optimally': [1004], 'also': [1014, 1039, 1545, 3357, 3757, 4210], 'consider': [1015, 4134], 'fluctuations': [1016], 'well': [1020, 1443, 1696, 2832], 'followup': [1022, 1045, 1278, 1310, 1433, 1911, 2087, 2371, 2797, 4116, 4129], '(the': [1023, 3846], 'interval': [1024], 'initial': [1027, 1313], 'assessment).3': [1028], 'Furthermore,': [1029], 'investigators': [1030], 'should': [1031], 'use': [1032], 'validated': [1034], 'assessment': [1036, 1428, 2776, 2837], 'method': [1037], 'reliably': [1040], 'register': [1041], 'all': [1042, 1406, 4216], 'deaths': [1043, 1308], 'during': [1044, 1309, 2765, 4128], 'further': [1047, 3993], 'minimize': [1048, 1760], 'primary': [1054, 1456, 2960, 2977, 3969], 'aim': [1055], 'our': [1057, 1462, 2007, 2387, 2406, 3730, 3732, 3777, 4075, 4172, 4206, 4220], 'clarify': [1064, 1461], 'addressed': [1080, 3872], 'modification': [1083, 4006], 'patient': [1085], 'definitions': [1091, 1951], 'different': [1093, 3069], 'sources': [1094, 2038], 'measures': [1100, 1739, 1884], '(ie': [1103, 1578, 1587], 'variation': [1105], 'extent': [1108], 'gender': [1113, 1424, 2789, 3570], 'other': [1115, 3913, 4057], 'factors).': [1116], 'Therefore,': [1117, 1561, 3497, 3892], 'tested': [1119, 1339], 'relationship': [1121, 2000], 'agent.': [1135], 'Methods': [1138, 1634], 'protocol': [1141], 'registered': [1143], 'PROSPERO': [1146], '(International': [1147, 1220, 1225, 2528], 'Prospective': [1148], 'Register': [1149], 'Review)': [1152], 'database': [1153], 'CRD42016051132.': [1155], 'PRISMA': [1159], '(Preferred': [1160], 'Reporting': [1161], 'Items': [1162], 'Reviews': [1165], 'Meta-Analyses)': [1167], 'statement': [1168], 'guidance.9': [1170], 'Data': [1171, 1333, 1727], 'Sources': [1172], 'Searches': [1174], 'databases,': [1177], 'PubMed®': [1179], '1946,': [1181], 'Scopus®': [1182], '1995': [1184], '1960': [1196], 'Additionally,': [1202], 'proceedings': [1207], 'AUA': [1210], '(American': [1211], 'Urological': [1212], 'Association),': [1213], 'EAU': [1214], '(European': [1215], 'Association': [1216], 'Urology),': [1218], 'ICS': [1219], 'Continence': [1221], 'Society)': [1222], 'IUGA': [1224], 'Urogynecological': [1226], 'Association)': [1227], 'annual': [1228, 2194], 'conferences': [1229], '2005': [1231], '2018': [1233], 'any': [1235, 1244, 1322], 'ongoing': [1236], 'unpublished': [1238, 2746, 3664], 'studies.': [1239, 3785], 'apply': [1243], 'restrictions': [1245], 'language': [1247, 3667], 'publication': [1249], 'status.': [1250], 'Finally,': [1251, 2277], 'hand': [1253], 'reference': [1256], 'lists': [1257, 2986], 'included': [1260, 1273, 1566, 1686, 2424, 3018, 3268, 3493, 4211, 4218], 'articles.': [1261], 'supplementary': [1263], 'material': [1264], '(https://www.jurology.com)': [1265, 3280], 'provides': [1266], 'search': [1268, 3660], 'strategy.': [1269], 'Eligibility': [1270], 'Criteria': [1271, 2434], 'longitudinal': [1274, 1642], '(study': [1279], 'duration)': [1280], 'least': [1283, 1289], 'months': [1285], '95%': [1290, 2254, 3139], 'participants': [1292, 2982, 3250], 'adults': [1294, 2893, 2899], '(age': [1295], '18': [1296], 'greater).': [1299], 'assessed': [1302, 1367, 1620, 2721, 3042, 3079, 3938], 'baseline': [1305, 1817, 1827, 2181, 2281, 2840, 3024], 'reported': [1307, 1770, 2193, 2238, 2735], 'assessment.': [1314], 'excluded': [1316, 4073], 'evaluating': [1318], 'intervention,': [1323], 'cohorts': [1325, 2993], 'untreated': [1327], 'control': [1328], 'arms.': [1329], 'Study': [1330, 2327, 2415], 'Selection': [1331], 'Extraction': [1334], 'standardized,': [1337], 'pilot': [1338], 'forms': [1340], 'detailed': [1342, 3886], 'instructions': [1343], 'screen': [1345], 'full': [1348, 2338, 2349], 'texts,': [1349], 'assessments': [1353, 1477, 3670, 3807, 4127], 'data': [1355, 1396, 1404, 1463, 1714, 1844, 2357, 2388, 2409, 3055, 3677, 3679, 3813, 3855, 3889], 'extraction.': [1356, 1464], 'Pairs': [1357], 'reviewers': [1360, 1379], 'independently': [1361], 'screened': [1362, 2330], 'eligibility,': [1366, 3672], 'abstracted': [1376], 'data.': [1377], 'resolved': [1380], 'disagreements': [1381], 'through': [1382], 'discussion': [1383, 1656], 'and,': [1384, 4130], 'if': [1385], 'necessary,': [1386], 'consulted': [1387], 'clinician-methodologist': [1388], 'adjudicators.': [1389], 'than': [1392, 1648, 1913, 2078, 2089, 2664, 2895], 'report': [1394, 2139], 'provided': [1395, 1776, 2356, 2396, 3835, 3854], 'same': [1399, 1537], 'study,': [1400], 'extracted': [1402, 1748, 2236], 'relevant': [1403], 'excluding': [1409], 'overlap.': [1410], 'recorded': [1412], 'country': [1414], 'and/or': [1415, 1722, 3923], 'source': [1416, 3804], 'sample,': [1420], 'participant': [1421], 'distribution,': [1425], 'exclusion': [1426, 1437], 'criteria,': [1427], 'tools': [1429], 'nocturia,': [1432, 3548], 'time,': [1434], 'sample': [1435, 1698], 'size,': [1436], 'criteria': [1438], 'response': [1440], 'adjustment': [1445], 'variables': [1446, 1929, 2035], 'estimates.': [1450, 2152, 4144], 'contacted': [1452], 'confirm': [1459], 'Quality': [1466, 3461], 'Bias': [1468, 2930], 'Risk': [1469, 2928, 3014, 3210, 3228], 'Assessments': [1470], 'According': [1471], 'prognosis': [1479, 1577, 3153, 3298], 'body': [1481, 1518], 'begins': [1485, 1522], 'high': [1487, 1675, 1790, 2115, 3125, 3293, 3473, 3486], 'evidence.': [1489], 'several': [1491, 3252], 'categories': [1492], 'limitations': [1494, 1538, 3214, 3220, 3232, 3238, 3775, 3800], 'reduce': [1496], 'quality,': [1498], 'risks': [1500, 2282, 3428], 'bias,': [1502, 3128, 3489], 'imprecision,': [1503], 'inconsistency': [1504], 'indirectness.10': [1506], 'In': [1507, 2524, 2554, 2579, 2898, 2952, 3144, 3714], 'contrast,': [1508], 'approach': [1512, 3699], 'intervention': [1516, 1541, 1632], 'low': [1524, 1534, 1673, 2118, 3121, 3156, 3242, 3301, 3469, 3521, 3639, 4150], 'down': [1531], 'factors': [1550, 1724], 'large': [1554], 'size': [1556], 'dose-response': [1559], 'gradient.11': [1560], 'this': [1563, 3655, 3754], 'review,': [1564], 'only': [1567, 1777, 3637, 3832, 4149, 4174], 'studies,': [1569, 3117, 3465, 4062, 4213], 'can': [1572], 'provide': [1573, 3738, 4148], 'trustworthy': [1574], 'inferences': [1575, 3701], 'about': [1576], 'mortality)': [1583], 'but': [1584, 3636], 'causation': [1586, 3306], 'does': [1588], 'deaths).': [1594], 'formally': [1596], 'compare': [1597], 'certainty': [1599, 3222, 3240], '(synonymous': [1609], 'factor)': [1612], 'research.10,11': [1633], 'cohort': [1643], 'less': [1646], 'developed': [1647, 1665], 'methods': [1650], 'randomized': [1652, 4064], 'controlled': [1653], 'trials.12': [1654], 'Through': [1655], 'consensus': [1658], 'building,': [1659], 'considering': [1661], 'previous': [1662, 2244], 'literature3,13–15': [1663], 'instrument': [1667], 'categorize': [1669], '(supplementary': [1679, 2248, 2274, 2925, 3098, 3352, 3364, 3417, 3771], 'material,': [1680, 2249, 2275, 2926, 3099, 3353, 3365, 3418, 3772], 'https://www.jurology.com).': [1681, 2276, 2927, 3354, 3366, 3773], 'This': [1682, 3355, 3534, 3574], 'includes': [1683], 'features': [1684], 'potentially': [1690, 2336], 'estimates,': [1693], 'how': [1695], 'represents': [1699, 1815], 'general': [1701, 3000], 'population,': [1702], 'confidence': [1703], 'assessments,': [1709], 'proportion': [1711], 'missing': [1713, 3090, 3812], 'adjustments': [1716, 1767], 'important': [1718], 'Analysis': [1728, 1731], 'Including': [1729], 'Statistical': [1730, 2312], 'calculate': [1733], 'HRs': [1749], 'alternatively': [1751], 'RRs': [1752, 1833, 1863, 2306], 'interchangeably': [1756], 'HRs.': [1758], 'confounding': [1761], 'selected': [1763], 'those': [1764, 3563, 3598, 3781], 'maximum': [1766], 'regression': [1771, 1867], 'models.': [1772, 1868], 'If': [1773], 'OR': [1779, 1797], 'instead': [1780], 'HR': [1783, 4198], 'RR,': [1786], 'acknowledged': [1788], 'prevalence': [1791, 2221, 2261, 2303, 2841, 3387], 'converting': [1795], 'into': [1798, 2297], 'equation,': [1803], '=': [1805], 'OR/(1': [1806], '–': [1807], 'p': [1808, 1814, 2127], '+': [1809, 2489], '[p': [1810], '×': [1811], 'OR]),': [1812], 'where': [1813], 'risk,': [1818], 'ie': [1819, 2618], 'without': [1826, 3135, 3438, 3564, 3666], 'nocturia.16': [1828], 'calculated': [1830, 2252], 'DerSimonian-Laird': [1836], 'random': [1837, 2026, 2271], 'inverse': [1839, 2020], 'variance': [1840, 2023], 'method.': [1841], 'raw': [1843, 2751], 'available,': [1846], 'take': [1848], 'account': [1849], 'derived': [1861], 'multivariable': [1865, 3360], 'logistic': [1866], 'natural': [1877, 2257], 'history': [1878], 'stratified': [1888, 1939, 3338], 'analyses': [1890, 2009, 2313, 2747, 3363, 3817, 3823, 4002], 'groups': [1894, 2233], '(18': [1895], '49,': [1897], '50': [1898], '69': [1900], '70': [1902, 2079, 2081, 2479, 2896, 2900], 'old': [1904, 2167, 2207, 2902, 3382, 3594], 'older).': [1906], '(less': [1912, 2077, 2088], 'vs': [1915, 1956, 1964, 1977, 1985, 2069, 2080, 2091, 2105, 2116, 3134, 3177, 3437, 3962, 3971], 'more),': [1919, 2095], 'region,': [1925], 'examined': [1927, 2033, 4186], 'these': [1928, 3145, 4061], 'modifiers': [1933], 'chi-square': [1936, 2012], 'test.': [1937], 'status': [1943], 'terms': [1945, 2147], 'binary': [1948], 'variable': [1949, 1975, 3842], '(case': [1950], '0': [1957, 1965, 1978, 1986, 2870, 2889, 3262, 3444], 'voids': [1968, 1989, 2109, 2226, 2866, 2885, 3457], 'night)': [1970, 2111], '3-value': [1973], 'categorical': [1974], '(2': [1976], 'night).': [1991], 'latter': [1995], 'exposure-response': [1999], 'complemented': [2006], 'subgroup': [2008, 2136, 3320], 'test': [2013, 4004], 'meta-regression': [2015, 3362, 4108], 'analysis': [2016, 2426, 4109, 4119], 'weighted': [2017], 'model': [2028], 'prespecified': [2030, 2054], 'hypotheses.': [2031], 'certain': [2034], 'definition': [2047, 2101, 2861, 2880, 2915, 2924], 'hypotheses,': [2055], 'higher': [2066, 2098, 3130], 'male': [2068, 2786, 4023], 'female': [2070], 'mixed': [2072, 2788, 3931], 'younger': [2075, 2894], 'greater),': [2084], 'shorter': [2086], '(3': [2102], 'set': [2123], 'threshold': [2125], '<0.05': [2128], 'minimum': [2131], 'criterion': [2132], 'credible': [2135], 'effect.': [2137], 'present': [2154], 'among': [2161, 3376, 3590, 3597, 3978], 'men': [2162, 2364, 2755, 2762], 'older,': [2169], 'representing': [2170], 'group': [2173], 'commonly': [2174], 'affected': [2175], 'nocturia.3': [2177], 'calculating': [2179], 'risks,': [2182], 'first': [2184, 2766, 3736], 'estimated': [2185], 'average': [2187, 2216, 2294], 'rates': [2190, 2196, 2239, 2296, 3371], '55': [2199, 2478], '64': [2201], '84': [2205], 'States': [2211, 2545, 2595, 2684, 3375], '2016.17': [2213], 'For': [2214, 3753], 'night18': [2228], 'desired': [2231, 2309], 'then': [2235], 'comprehensive': [2245, 3659], 'https://www.jurology.com).19': [2250], 'logarithms': [2258], '100': [2263, 2499, 2604, 2634, 2692, 2712], 'derive': [2279], 'absence': [2285], 'presence': [2288], 'divided': [2292], 'proportions': [2298], 'based': [2299, 2748, 2857], 'groups.': [2311], 'metan': [2317], 'metareg': [2319], 'Stata®': [2321], '12.1.20': [2322], 'Results': [2323], 'Literature': [2324], 'Search': [2325], 'Characteristics': [2328, 2420, 2432], 'retrieved': [2334], '132': [2335], 'text': [2339, 2350], '22': [2342], '(fig.': [2345, 3477, 3818], '1).': [2346, 2799], 'Ten': [2347], 'original': [2348, 2422, 3687], 'articles': [2351], 'abstract': [2355], 'death,': [2361, 3875], '19,590': [2363], '14,241': [2366], 'total': [2370, 3270], '297,379': [2373], 'person-years': [2374], '(table': [2375, 2798, 3007, 3045, 3161, 3531], '1).21–32': [2376], 'Five': [2377, 3050], '(45%)': [2382, 3052, 3063], 'confirmed': [2383], 'accuracy': [2385, 3680], 'extraction,22,25,27,29,31': [2389], '(18%)': [2391], 'corrected': [2392], 'errors': [2394], 'additional': [2397], 'information26,32': [2398], '4': [2400, 2767, 3205], '(36%)': [2401], 'unable': [2403, 3950], 'respond': [2404], 'requests': [2407], 'checks': [2410], 'clarifications.21,23,28,30': [2412], 'Figure': [2413, 3012, 3308, 3423], '1.': [2414, 2419], 'flow': [2416], 'chart': [2417, 2645], 'Table': [2418, 3166], 'References': [2427], 'Country': [2428], 'Sample': [2429], 'Source': [2430], 'Population': [2431], 'Exclusion': [2433], 'Assessment': [2435], 'Median': [2436], 'Followup': [2437], '(yrs)': [2438], 'No.': [2439, 3181, 3186], 'Contacted': [2440], 'Baseline/No.': [2442], 'Eligible': [2443, 2931], 'Respondents': [2444], '(%)': [2445], 'Gender': [2446], '%': [2447, 3195], 'Male': [2448], 'Mean': [2449], 'Age': [2450, 2731, 3200, 3203], '(range)': [2451], 'Mortality': [2453, 3109], 'Asplund21': [2454], 'Sweden': [2455], 'Pensioner': [2456], 'registry': [2458, 2467, 2484, 2506, 2515, 2537, 2632, 2676, 2710, 2727, 3060, 3083], 'Both': [2459, 2477, 2516, 2549, 2574, 2659], '40': [2460], '73': [2461], '(53-92)*': [2462], 'None': [2463, 2480, 2578, 2695, 2715, 4082], 'Unvalidated': [2464, 2481, 2503], 'National': [2465, 2482, 2504, 2520, 2534, 2558, 2674, 2725], '4.5': [2468], '10,216/6,143': [2469], '(60)': [2470, 2487], 'Bursztyn': [2471], 'et': [2472, 2491, 2511, 2542, 2569, 2592, 2628, 2653, 2681, 2706], 'al22': [2473], 'Israel': [2474], 'Electoral': [2475, 2572], 'records': [2476, 2597], '12': [2485, 2588], '759/456': [2486], 'Fitzgerald23': [2488], 'Palloni24': [2490], 'al†': [2492], 'Puerto': [2493], 'Rico': [2494], 'Various': [2495, 2546], 'public': [2496, 2547], 'registries': [2497, 2548, 2648, 2943, 2949, 2962, 2979, 3067], 'Men': [2498, 2603, 2633, 2691, 2711], '71': [2500], '(60-99)': [2501], 'Institutionalized': [2502, 2553], '1,736/1,480': [2508], '(85)': [2509], 'Nakagawa': [2510], 'al25': [2512], 'Civil': [2514, 2631, 2709], '46': [2517], '76': [2518], '(70-97)': [2519], 'Insurance': [2522, 2536], 'nonmembers': [2523], 'accord': [2525, 2555, 2580], 'I-PSS': [2527, 2696], 'Prostate': [2529], 'Symptom': [2530, 2672, 2719], 'Score)/AUA-SI': [2531], '(AUA-Symptom': [2532], 'Index)': [2533], '2,925/784': [2539], '(27)': [2540], 'Kupelian': [2541], 'al26': [2543], '47': [2550], '49': [2551], '(20-90)': [2552], 'I-PSS/AUA-SI': [2557, 2582], 'Care': [2560], 'Survey': [2561], 'linked': [2562], 'files': [2564], '8.8': [2565], '39,695/15,988': [2566], '(69)': [2567], 'Galizia': [2568], 'al27': [2570], 'Italy': [2571], 'rolls': [2573, 2937], '45': [2575], '74': [2576, 2693], '(65+)': [2577], 'practitioner': [2584, 2647], 'registries,': [2585], 'certificates': [2587, 2702], '1,780/1,288': [2589], '(72)': [2590], 'Lightner': [2591], 'al28': [2593], 'health': [2600, 2643, 3070], 'care': [2601, 2961, 2978, 3071], 'units': [2602], '54': [2605], '(40-79)': [2606], 'Surgery/condition': [2607, 2637], 'affecting': [2608, 2638], 'AUA-SI': [2612], 'every': [2613, 2722, 2774], 'yrs': [2615, 2724], 'Multiple': [2616], 'sources,': [2617], 'certificates,': [2620], 'autopsy': [2621], '17': [2623], '3,874/2,115': [2624], '(55)‡': [2625], 'Van': [2626], 'Doorn': [2627], 'al29': [2629], '61': [2635], '(50-78)': [2636], 'tract,': [2641], 'poor': [2642], 'Frequency-vol': [2644], '13.4': [2649], '3,398/1,114': [2650], '(33)': [2651], 'Chung': [2652], 'al30': [2654], 'Taiwan': [2655], 'diabetic': [2657], 'clinic': [2658], '52': [2660], '63': [2661], '(32-94)*': [2662], 'Less': [2663], '1-yr': [2665], 'type': [2666], 'diabetes': [2668, 2972], 'treatment': [2669], 'Overactive': [2670], 'Bladder': [2671], 'Score': [2673], '2.5': [2677], '1,715/1,301': [2678], '(76)': [2679], 'Endeshaw': [2680], 'al31': [2682], 'Medicare': [2685], 'beneficiaries,': [2686], 'designated': [2687], 'ZIP': [2688, 2984], 'Code': [2689], 'areas': [2690], '(70-79)': [2694], 'Clinic': [2697], 'visits,': [2698], 'telephone': [2699], 'contacts,': [2700], '9': [2703, 3123, 3471], 'Unclear/1,478': [2704], 'Åkerla': [2705], 'al32': [2707], '58': [2713], '(50-70)': [2714], 'DAN-PSS': [2716], '(Danish': [2717], 'Prostatic': [2718], 'Score)': [2720], '21': [2728], '3,143/1,332': [2729], '(42)§': [2730], 'range': [2732, 2852, 2906], 'approximated': [2733], 'SD': [2736], 'mean': [2738, 3369], '(mean': [2740], '±': [2742], 'SD).': [2744], 'Previously': [2745], 'data.24': [2752], 'replace': [2754], 'who': [2756], 'died': [2757], 'dropped': [2759], 'out': [2760], '332': [2761], 'recruited': [2764, 2967], 'followup.': [2770], 'Response': [2771], 'available': [2772, 3724, 4018], 'while': [2777], 'alive.': [2778], 'Studies': [2779], 'continents': [2784], 'populations': [2790, 2830, 2847, 3001, 4024], 'widely': [2792, 2849], 'distribution': [2795], 'Reflecting': [2825], 'differences': [2827], 'variations': [2834], 'methods,': [2838], 'varied': [2848], '8%': [2854, 2917], '34%': [2856], '(vs': [2869, 2888], '1)': [2872, 3786], '2.5%': [2874], '35%': [2876, 2908], '2)': [2891, 3820], 'years.': [2897], '49%': [2910], 'broader': [2913], '38%': [2919], 'restrictive': [2923], 'electoral': [2936], 'studies,22,27': [2940], 'household': [2942], '223,26': [2945], 'civil': [2948], '3.25,29,32': [2951], 'combination': [2956], 'hospital': [2958, 2971], 'used,28': [2964], 'patients': [2968], 'clinic30': [2973], 'White': [2981], 'Code™': [2985], 'Black': [2988], 'participants.31': [2989], '7': [2995, 4212], 'adequately': [2998, 3095], 'represent': [2999], 'satisfactory': [3004], 'participation': [3005], 'fig.': [3010, 3048, 3104, 3164, 3421], '2).21–23,26–28,32': [3011], '2.': [3013, 3167, 3283], '8': [3037], '(73%)': [3039, 3087], 'accurately': [3044, 3081], '2).25–32': [3049], 'collected': [3053], 'national': [3058], 'linkage': [3065], 'institutions.': [3072], '(91%)': [3078], 'data.21–23,25–30,32': [3084], 'Eight': [3085], 'had': [3088], 'little': [3089], 'data.22,25–29,31,32': [3091], 'Six': [3092], 'https://www.jurology.com,': [3100, 3419], 'table': [3101], '2).22,25,26,29,31,32': [3105], 'persons': [3132, 3591], '(RR': [3137], '1.27,': [3138], '1.16–1.40;': [3141], 'heterogeneity': [3142], 'I2=48.3%).': [3143], 'there': [3147, 3620, 3797], 'causality': [3160], '3).': [3165], 'profile': [3169], '(observational': [3184], 'cohort)': [3185], 'no': [3187, 3825], 'nocturia/nocturia*': [3188], '26,763/7,048': [3189], 'CI)': [3192], '(1.16–1.40)†': [3194], 'Absolute': [3196], 'difference/5': [3198], 'yrs:': [3199], '1.6': [3202], 'Prognosis:‡': [3206], 'Starting': [3207, 3225], 'High': [3209], 'bias†': [3212, 3230], 'Serious': [3213, 3231], 'Inconsistency,': [3215, 3233], 'indirectness,': [3216, 3234], 'imprecision': [3217, 3235], 'No': [3218, 3236, 3787, 3885], 'serious': [3219, 3237], 'Estimate': [3221, 3239], 'Moderate': [3223], 'Causation:‡': [3224], 'Low': [3227], 'Very': [3241], 'Because': [3243, 3867], 'showed': [3246, 3536, 3824], 'exposed': [3249, 3273], 'definitions,': [3255], 'void': [3265, 3447], 'count': [3271], 'unexposed': [3275], 'participants.': [3276], 'Supplementary': [3277], 'Appendix': [3278], 'figure': [3282], 'Based': [3284, 3367], 'principles': [3287], 'beginning': [3291], 'when': [3295, 3303, 3903], 'research,': [3299], 'research.': [3307], '3.': [3309], 'Forest': [3310], 'plot': [3311], 'samples': [3337], 'region': [3351], 'true': [3358], 'specific': [3386, 3882], '20%': [3398], '40%,': [3400], 'overall': [3407, 3583], '4.0%,': [3415], 'respectively': [3416], '4).': [3422], '4.': [3424], 'Relative': [3425], 'Light': [3440], 'green': [3441, 3451], 'bars': [3442, 3452], 'indicate': [3443, 3453], 'night.': [3449, 3459], 'Dark': [3450], '2).': [3478, 3532, 3819], 'due': [3483, 3920], 'susceptible.': [3496], '(certainty': [3504], 'estimates)': [3506], 'Discussion': [3533], '27%': [3538], 'more,': [3553], 'night,': [3560], 'compared': [3561], 'adjusting': [3567], 'comorbidities.': [3573], 'corresponds': [3575], 'old.': [3601], 'magnitude': [3603], 'predictor': [3614], 'variables.': [3615], 'Our': [3616], 'finding': [3617], 'Strengths': [3649], 'Limitations': [3651], 'strengths': [3653], 'include': [3657], 'published': [3662, 4184], 'restrictions;': [3668], 'duplicate': [3669], 'extraction;': [3678], 'checked': [3681], 'studies;': [3688], 'appraisal': [3690], 'regarding': [3702, 4153], 'addition': [3715, 3742], 'novel': [3718], 'approaches': [3719], 'establish': [3721], 'best': [3723, 4207], 'topic,': [3728], 'knowledge': [3731, 4173], 'purpose': [3755], 'prevalence,': [3764], 'interest': [3769], 'itself': [3770], 'largely': [3780], 'free': [3790], 'related': [3801], 'nonrepresentative': [3803], 'populations,': [3805], 'inaccurate': [3806], 'mortality,': [3811, 4001, 4040], 'inadequately': [3815], 'Although': [3821, 4106], 'discrete': [3841], 'multiple': [3844], 'values': [3845], 'voids).': [3849], '3)': [3850], 'Only': [3851], 'specifically': [3863], 'women.26': [3865], '4)': [3866], 'none': [3868], 'causes': [3873, 3987], 'causes.': [3883], '5)': [3884], 'bladder': [3887, 3927], 'diary': [3888], 'available.': [3891], 'differentiate': [3896, 3952], 'it': [3904, 4078], 'appeared': [3905], 'isolated': [3908], 'accompanied': [3911], 'LUTS,': [3914], 'determine': [3916], 'whether': [3917], 'global': [3922], 'nocturnal': [3924], 'polyuria,': [3925], 'reduced': [3926], 'capacity': [3928], 'etiology.1': [3932], '6)': [3933], 'paucity': [3935], 'disorders': [3940, 4009, 4055], 'conditions': [3944], 'Thus,': [3947], 'between': [3953, 4043, 4101], 'roles': [3955], 'insomnia': [3957, 3970, 3972], 'mediators': [3963, 4036], '(nocturia': [3966], 'caused': [3967], 'secondary': [3973], 'nocturia).33': [3975], 'Since': [3976], 'especially': [3977], 'leading': [3986], 'disruption,': [3990], 'has': [3992, 4182], 'been': [3994, 4183], 'shown': [3995], 'prognosticator': [3999], 'highly': [4012], 'relevant.34–36': [4013], 'Accordingly,': [4014], 'Western': [4022], 'role': [4027], 'became': [4047], 'nonsignificant': [4048], 'controlling': [4050], 'comorbidities.31,36': [4058], 'One': [4059], 'trial': [4065], 'dutasteride': [4067], 'prostate': [4069], 'cancer': [4070], 'chemoprevention,': [4071], 'because': [4077], 'interventional.36': [4080], '7)': [4081], 'sophisticated': [4088], 'analytical': [4089], 'techniques,': [4090], 'structural': [4093], 'equation': [4094], 'modeling,': [4095], 'identify': [4097], 'pathways': [4100], 'mortality.37': [4104], '8)': [4105], 'failed': [4110], 'show': [4112], 'influence': [4114], 'duration,': [4117], 'limited': [4121], 'lack': [4124], 'repeat': [4126], 'therefore,': [4131], 'failure': [4132], 'incident': [4138], 'remittent': [4140], '9)': [4145], 'results': [4147], 'exposure.': [4166], 'Relation': [4167], 'Prior': [4169], 'Work': [4170], 'earlier': [4176], 'mortality.38': [4192], 'revealed': [4195], '1.23': [4200], '1.07–1.42),': [4203], 'comparable': [4204], 'estimate.': [4208], 'It': [4209], 're': [4221]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2965637650', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-11T21:18:21.311683', 'created_date': '2019-08-13'}
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