PROTOCOL: Plastics in the food system: Human health, economic and environmental impacts. A scoping review

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Joe Yates; Megan Deeney; Howard White; Edward J. M. Joy; Sofia Kalamatianou; Suneetha Kadiyala
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2218, 2258, 2266, 2285, 2331, 2372, 2379, 2394, 2405, 2435, 2444, 2448, 2457, 2481, 2508, 2534, 2567, 2607, 2612, 2711, 2721, 2748, 2765, 2778, 2867, 2871, 2920, 2927, 3041, 3059, 3078, 3088, 3142, 3180, 3190, 3229, 3242, 3291, 3326, 3360, 3388, 3390, 3458, 3461, 3494, 3525, 3529, 3542, 3548, 3576, 3600, 3626, 3654, 3701, 3715, 3719, 3721, 3738, 3748, 3752, 3754, 3779, 3804, 3828, 3832, 3834, 3863, 3869, 3889, 3897, 3910, 3912, 3925, 3961, 3967, 3996, 4024, 4049, 4098, 4110, 4151, 4157, 4161, 4241, 4271, 4283, 4328, 4359, 4382, 4421, 4441, 4480, 4519, 4558, 4577], 'sectors.': [56], 'However,': [57, 162, 279, 2789, 2895], 'there': [58, 624, 3259, 3789, 3807, 4183], 'is': [59, 84, 128, 194, 257, 350, 415, 432, 676, 1032, 1043, 1128, 1755, 1908, 1944, 2117, 2144, 2319, 2593, 2639, 2703, 3103, 3235, 3260, 3323, 3489, 3668, 3727, 3734, 3806, 3849, 4074, 4168, 4184, 4263], 'growing': [60, 626, 1047, 3502], 'evidence': [61, 427, 600, 632, 722, 805, 849, 2036, 3095, 3693, 3742, 3790, 3873], 'proliferation': [64], 'plastic': [66, 216, 290, 306, 357, 376, 413, 542, 577, 604, 885, 1042, 1071, 1097, 1101, 1127, 1139, 1147, 1166, 1182, 1227, 1242, 1250, 1295, 1585, 1690, 1767, 1854, 1856, 1943, 1980, 2019, 2090, 2365, 2390, 2427, 2561, 2626, 2702, 2790, 2859, 3006, 3102, 3169, 3175, 3192, 3322, 3355, 3419, 3488, 3517, 3585, 3623, 4281], 'reliance': [70, 206, 3048, 3486], 'on': [71, 207, 325, 701, 806, 857, 1195, 1274, 1400, 1410, 1524, 1538, 1599, 1681, 1706, 1873, 1893, 1949, 1964, 1995, 2112, 2119, 2192, 2493, 2527, 2562, 2632, 2668, 2762, 2850, 2883, 2890, 3002, 3049, 3119, 3172, 3177, 3186, 3194, 3287, 3292, 3312, 3421, 3473, 3487, 3491, 3495, 3544, 3584, 3622, 3711, 3743, 3884, 4003, 4014, 4226, 4294, 4321, 4415, 4460, 4494], 'these': [72, 260, 713, 1016, 1294, 1465, 1554, 2193, 2329, 2351, 2571, 2635, 2900, 3115, 3334, 3959, 4534], 'in': [74, 79, 151, 177, 212, 229, 266, 289, 296, 311, 329, 445, 505, 520, 597, 759, 769, 988, 1028, 1034, 1040, 1058, 1072, 1130, 1136, 1169, 1175, 1187, 1214, 1346, 1352, 1468, 1485, 1502, 1531, 1568, 1676, 1770, 1785, 1814, 1825, 1898, 1931, 1946, 1986, 2046, 2140, 2159, 2188, 2235, 2305, 2328, 2337, 2349, 2360, 2370, 2376, 2414, 2441, 2488, 2511, 2574, 2599, 2628, 2641, 2661, 2740, 2766, 2771, 2796, 2842, 2864, 2893, 2896, 2910, 2961, 2964, 3027, 3030, 3086, 3252, 3284, 3363, 3409, 3434, 3452, 3505, 3536, 3567, 3570, 3574, 3578, 3589, 3592, 3632, 3646, 3658, 3707, 3783, 3800, 3839, 3904, 4019, 4100, 4164, 4181, 4222, 4234, 4244, 4280, 4301, 4317, 4366, 4375, 4385, 4411, 4434, 4444, 4490, 4512, 4522], 'world': [76, 2742, 3511], 'economy,': [77], 'particularly': [78], 'single-use': [80, 338], 'or': [81, 133, 339, 386, 397, 517, 684, 760, 809, 867, 894, 899, 945, 1003, 1135, 1198, 1617, 1625, 1628, 1634, 1638, 1647, 1649, 1652, 1851, 1855, 1884, 1911, 1933, 1952, 1982, 1988, 2021, 2131, 2181, 2202, 2253, 2272, 2276, 2290, 2293, 2417, 2565, 2861, 2886, 2950, 2987, 3011, 3023, 3270, 3648, 3792, 3814, 3894, 3987, 4131, 4146, 4176, 4188, 4209, 4330, 4348, 4417, 4431, 4458, 4468, 4509, 4544, 4564, 4568], 'disposable': [82, 340], 'forms,': [83], 'leading': [85, 1507, 1535, 2713], 'to': [86, 143, 160, 196, 248, 318, 323, 352, 421, 430, 507, 567, 591, 633, 677, 725, 829, 832, 890, 1184, 1204, 1230, 1237, 1246, 1270, 1358, 1387, 1508, 1527, 1536, 1545, 1559, 1608, 1621, 1659, 1724, 1733, 1795, 1833, 1869, 1998, 2034, 2054, 2060, 2067, 2086, 2126, 2208, 2224, 2320, 2354, 2402, 2408, 2543, 2555, 2576, 2665, 2672, 2681, 2689, 2706, 2714, 2755, 2775, 2780, 2793, 2804, 2825, 2907, 2943, 2947, 2958, 2966, 2977, 3008, 3018, 3032, 3083, 3138, 3254, 3342, 3344, 3350, 3365, 3371, 3378, 3437, 3515, 3526, 3561, 3640, 3677, 3695, 3767, 3795, 3816, 3942, 3954, 4007, 4015, 4231, 4264, 4372, 4397, 4425, 4451, 4503, 4529], 'detrimental': [87], 'environmental': [88, 608, 2829, 2972, 3075, 3391, 3755, 3835], 'ecosystem': [90, 2610, 2948, 3290], 'impacts': [91, 411, 673, 689, 752, 1537, 1671, 1699, 1872, 2109, 2559, 2584, 2624, 2700, 2849, 2889, 3035, 3045, 3167, 3281, 3314, 3349, 3392, 3403, 3442, 3475, 3697, 3756, 3797, 3836], 'at': [92, 168, 750, 864, 905, 1013, 1109, 1114, 1430, 1588, 2520, 2557, 2936, 3279, 3455, 3891, 3923, 4062, 4311, 4428, 4466, 4506, 4536, 4542], 'local': [93], 'global': [95, 568, 2951], 'scales,': [96], 'with': [97, 343, 388, 771, 965, 1121, 1818, 1886, 2183, 2399, 2490, 3230, 3595, 3938, 3946, 4083, 4120, 4130, 4277], 'potentially': [98, 512, 2582], 'negative': [99, 477], 'implications': [100], 'for': [101, 116, 131, 175, 184, 198, 479, 524, 588, 628, 650, 667, 776, 783, 850, 908, 1045, 1202, 1217, 1225, 1233, 1240, 1249, 1293, 1383, 1395, 1713, 1726, 1805, 1961, 2411, 2953, 3096, 3132, 3162, 3263, 3309, 3413, 3598, 3628, 3681, 3810, 3845, 3855, 3874, 4035, 4090, 4097], 'human': [102, 480, 704, 858, 1277, 1320, 1411, 1600, 1610, 1660, 1669, 1748, 1774, 1797, 1834, 1844, 1874, 1894, 1965, 1999, 2006, 2027, 2074, 3293, 3384, 3712, 3745, 3825, 3885, 4227, 4232, 4338, 4368, 4373, 4426, 4504], 'health': [103, 483, 705, 1278, 1641, 1661, 1670, 1798, 1845, 1895, 2000, 2075, 2284, 2588, 2606, 3076, 3080, 3294, 3498, 4228, 4576], '(Barboza,': [104], 'Dick': [105], 'Vethaak,': [106], 'Lavorante,': [107], 'Lundebye,': [108], 'Guilhermino,': [110], '2018;': [111, 470, 494, 1862, 3206, 3212, 3298], 'UNEP,': [112], '2018).': [113, 138, 474, 498, 814, 1256, 2788, 3218, 3304, 3533, 3581, 3637, 3671], 'Packaging': [114, 960, 1083], 'accounts': [115], '~40%': [117], 'all': [119, 2128, 4107], 'produced': [121, 378], '1950s,': [124], '41%': [127], 'used': [129, 166, 519, 757, 904, 1044, 1057, 1129, 1168, 1405, 1587, 2327, 2627, 2680, 2739, 2792, 3124, 3706, 3759, 3879, 4316, 4354, 4489], 'specifically': [130, 758, 881, 2093, 3118], 'food': [132, 149, 153, 173, 192, 221, 230, 249, 291, 297, 447, 449, 763, 822, 854, 860, 914, 979, 1030, 1080, 1098, 1119, 1122, 1154, 1266, 1323, 1408, 1416, 1487, 1504, 1533, 1593, 1752, 1768, 1801, 1819, 1830, 1909, 1941, 1951, 1987, 2003, 2051, 2096, 2113, 2149, 2161, 2167, 2170, 2190, 2214, 2244, 2246, 2248, 2250, 2384, 2430, 2439, 2446, 2449, 2459, 2498, 2630, 2663, 2837, 3070, 3100, 3127, 3146, 3358, 3386, 3411, 3480, 3523, 3683, 3709, 3717, 3750, 3762, 3802, 3830, 3841, 3882, 3887, 4224, 4274, 4319, 4322, 4347, 4357, 4413, 4419, 4456, 4476, 4478, 4481, 4492, 4499], 'beverages': [134], '(Schweitzer': [135, 299], 'et': [136, 300, 404, 457, 492, 496, 533, 616, 812, 1207, 1860, 1864, 2724, 2820, 3199, 3302, 3425, 3860, 4289], 'al.,': [137, 301, 405, 458, 493, 497, 534, 617, 813, 1208, 1861, 1865, 2725, 2821, 3200, 3303, 3426, 3861, 4290], 'This': [139, 765, 1257, 2638, 2759, 3724, 4262], 'statistic': [140], 'refers': [141], 'primarily': [142], 'latter': [145], 'stage': [146], 'system': [150, 193, 855, 980, 1031, 1120, 1155, 1267, 1409, 1505, 1534, 1820, 1942, 2052, 2191, 2385, 2631, 2838, 3101, 3147, 3359, 3684, 3710, 3803, 3883, 4225, 4320, 4358, 4414, 4493], 'products': [154, 450], 'are': [155, 164, 263, 327, 484, 564, 579, 625, 756, 888, 919, 1056, 1106, 1440, 1453, 1566, 1683, 2222, 2358, 2467, 2743, 2901, 3220, 3307, 3336, 3432, 3450, 3512, 3644, 3655], 'processed,': [156], 'marketed': [157], 'transferred': [159], 'consumers.': [161], 'also': [165, 485, 565, 601, 1304, 1378, 1762, 1970, 2501, 2731, 2801, 2847], 'extensively': [167], 'other': [169, 2286, 4578], 'stages': [170], 'system,': [174, 222, 1594, 1753, 3128, 3412, 3763], 'example': [176, 1714, 2696, 3163, 3948], 'agricultural': [178, 598, 2531, 2798, 3068, 3418], 'mulch,': [179], 'fishing': [180, 1251], 'nets': [181], 'crates': [183], 'transporting': [185], 'produce.': [186], 'Taken': [187], 'as': [188, 536, 538, 573, 611, 877, 981, 1442, 1513, 1515, 1522, 1896, 1905, 1935, 1991, 2066, 2243, 2302, 2344, 2469, 2485, 2505, 2833, 2855, 2903, 2979, 2994, 2998, 3067, 3953, 4194, 4465, 4541], 'whole,': [190], 'likely': [195], 'account': [197, 3382, 4267], 'much': [200], 'larger': [201], 'proportion': [202], "world's": [205], 'its': [210, 275, 891, 1150, 2400, 2406, 3361], 'share': [211], 'use': [214, 1070, 1151, 1261, 1315, 1749, 2185, 3651], 'packaging': [217, 292, 307, 543, 1769, 1792, 3193], 'alone.': [218], 'Within': [219], 'play': [224], 'an': [225, 436, 1193, 1272, 1509, 1546, 1992, 2038, 2367, 2525, 2815, 2980, 3679, 3930, 3935], 'beneficial': [227, 261, 692, 1632, 2201, 2583], 'role': [228, 671, 1765, 2369], 'transportation,': [231], 'preservation,': [232], 'hygiene': [233, 2371, 2393], 'safety,': [235, 4323], 'increasing': [236, 437, 2433, 2438, 2445], 'lifespan': [238], 'foods,': [240], 'length': [242], 'value': [244], 'chains': [245], 'contributing': [247, 351, 1620, 2774], 'nutrition': [251, 2151, 2216], 'security': [252, 861, 1324, 1417, 2114, 2217, 3387, 3718, 3751, 3831, 3888, 4420, 4457, 4500], '(Claudio,': [253, 1807, 2386], '2012).': [254, 553, 2387], 'Therefore,': [255], 'it': [256, 558, 1190, 3234], 'not': [264, 315, 1756, 2031, 2124, 2552, 3337, 3398, 3463, 4200, 4334], 'overlooked': [265], 'public': [268, 3079, 3503], 'policy': [270, 3271], 'debates': [271], 'concerning': [272], 'material,': [274], 'uses': [276, 3406, 3445], 'impacts.': [278, 2076, 2973], 'recent': [280, 3227, 3506], 'decades': [281], 'have': [282, 1157, 1192, 1271, 1607, 1673, 1732, 2524, 2800, 3017, 3159, 3400, 3553], 'seen': [283], 'correlation': [285], 'between': [286, 681, 1373, 1481, 1580, 1841, 2133, 4251], 'substantial': [287], 'increases': [288, 2391, 3085, 4279], 'upward': [294], 'trends': [295], 'waste': [298, 348, 377, 1125, 4285], '2018),': [302], 'suggesting': [303], 'while': [305], 'can': [308, 559, 606, 1427, 1793, 2454, 2596, 2678, 3136, 3462, 4297], 'preserve': [309, 726, 2458], 'food,': [310, 2375, 2397], 'itself': [312], 'might': [314, 698], 'be': [316, 422, 545, 560, 699, 737, 767, 1388, 1428, 1823, 2032, 2198, 2233, 2409, 2483, 2597, 2679, 2692, 3902, 3920, 4028, 4042, 4053, 4080, 4095, 4192, 4214, 4254, 4260, 4298, 4307, 4395, 4472, 4548], 'sufficient': [317], 'reduce': [319, 2805, 3516], 'wastage.': [320], 'Recent': [321], 'calls': [322, 627], 'action': [324, 3141], 'driven': [328], 'part': [330, 1087], 'by': [331, 379, 716, 921, 1390, 1799, 1837, 2432, 3347, 3686, 3729, 3851, 3908, 3914, 3984, 3993, 4030, 4086], 'observations': [332], 'widespread': [335], 'utilisation': [336, 2450, 4479], 'plastics,': [341, 642, 3653], 'coupled': [342, 4276], 'poor': [344], 'recycling': [345, 3530], 'rates': [346, 4051], 'management': [349], 'visible': [353], 'build': [354, 3239], 'ups': [355], 'natural': [359, 401, 702, 1329, 1423, 2591, 2613, 2684, 2879, 2916], 'environments': [360, 1216], 'oceans': [362], 'around': [363, 502, 574, 1222, 3509], 'world.': [365], 'To': [366, 815, 1432], 'illustrate': [367], 'flow,': [369], '6300': [373], 'Mt': [374], '2015,': [380], 'only': [381], '9%': [382], 'had': [383], 'been': [384, 1674, 2732, 2802, 3160, 3250, 3500, 3554, 3771], 'recycled': [385], 'repurposed,': [387], 'remaining': [390], '91%': [391], 'either': [392, 1613], 'incinerated,': [393], 'placed': [394, 2902], 'into': [395, 399, 622, 1142, 2750, 2811, 3381, 4266], 'landfill': [396], 'leaking': [398], 'environment': [402, 1424, 2592, 2892], '(Geyer': [403, 4288], '2017).': [406, 663, 962, 2728, 3615, 4291], 'The': [407, 659, 1144, 1475, 1550, 1654, 2587, 2649, 3482, 3843, 4390], 'extent': [408, 794, 835, 3766], 'pollution': [414], 'still': [416], 'largely': [417], 'unknown': [418], 'remains': [420, 3611], 'adequately': [423], 'explored.': [424], 'Among': [425], 'now': [428, 486], 'beginning': [429], 'emerge': [431], 'reveals': [435], 'presence': [438, 1922, 1976, 2017, 2857, 2984, 4362], 'microplastics,': [440], 'nanoplastics': [441], 'marine': [446, 1215, 2707, 3170, 3285], 'chains,': [448], 'air': [453, 2752, 2866, 2885], 'we': [454, 742, 818, 976, 1314, 1338, 1447, 1519, 1557, 1876, 1955, 1968, 2008, 2058, 2221, 2333, 2345, 2547, 2569, 2845, 2956, 2975, 2995, 3238, 3369], 'breathe': [455], '(Karami': [456], '2017;': [459, 531, 658, 2726, 3300], 'Lusher,': [460], 'McHugh,': [461], 'Thompson,': [463], '2013;': [464], 'Smith,': [465], 'Love,': [466], 'Rochman,': [467], 'Neff,': [469], 'Tyree': [471], 'Morrison,': [473], 'Not': [475], 'surprisingly,': [476], 'consequences': [478], 'planetary': [482], 'being': [487, 1523, 2941], 'hypothesised': [488], 'investigated': [490], '(Barboza': [491], 'Smith': [495], 'These': [499, 2239, 2465, 3014, 3219, 3305, 3428], 'interlinking': [500], 'concerns': [501], 'sustainability': [503], 'come': [504, 1205], 'addition': [506, 1868], 'toxicology': [508], 'research': [509, 668, 3042, 3087, 3113, 3134, 3157, 3247, 3471, 3769, 3813], 'pointing': [510], 'towards': [511], 'harmful': [513, 694, 732, 1615, 1927, 2203, 2289, 3700], 'effects': [514, 640, 733, 1883, 1963, 2292, 2882, 2935], 'chemicals': [516, 880, 900, 1701, 1739], 'additives': [518, 1858, 1985, 2024, 2863, 2990], 'may': [522, 1156, 1171, 1191, 1268, 1919, 2030, 2428, 2551, 2933, 4229, 4370, 4423, 4501], 'pose': [523], 'humans': [525], '(Gray,': [526], 'Rasanayagam,': [527], 'Engel,': [528], 'Rizzo,': [530], 'Rancière': [532], '2015)': [535], 'well': [537, 1514], 'suggestion': [540], 'could': [544, 1576, 2176, 2197, 2621], 'encouraging': [546], 'unhealthy': [547], 'diets': [548], '(Relton,': [549], 'Strong,': [550], 'Holdsworth,': [552], 'On': [554], 'broader': [556, 2912, 4462, 4538], 'scale,': [557], 'said': [561], 'linked': [566], 'warming': [569, 2952], 'climate': [571, 2602, 2781], 'change,': [572, 2603], '99%': [575], 'monomers': [578], 'derived': [580], 'from': [581, 827, 883, 1000, 1221, 1656, 1689, 1703, 1741, 1745, 2050, 2658, 2687, 3005, 3061, 3328, 3661, 4449, 4527], 'fossil': [582], 'fuels,': [583], 'supply': [585], 'demand': [587], 'contributes': [590], 'greenhouse': [592, 2745], 'gas': [593, 2776], 'emissions': [594, 614, 2777], '(GHGs).': [595], 'Yet': [596], 'production,': [599, 990, 3069, 3546], 'suggests': [602], 'sheeting': [605], 'deliver': [607], 'benefits': [609, 728], 'such': [610, 620, 901, 2242, 2504, 2854, 3066, 3563, 4464, 4540], 'reduced': [612], 'GHG': [613], '(Petersen': [615, 2819], '2013).': [618, 1026, 1462, 2822], 'Taking': [619], 'trade-offs': [621], 'account,': [623], 'improved': [629], 'data': [630, 4091], 'better': [634, 710], 'understand': [635], 'address': [637, 3464], 'whilst': [643, 1377], 'developing': [644], 'alternatives': [645], '—': [646, 649, 690, 695, 826, 831, 2015, 2451, 3698, 3703], 'where': [647, 3258, 3805], 'necessary': [648, 1381], 'they': [653, 697, 1301, 3449], '(Efferth': [655], 'Paul,': [657], 'Lancet': [660], 'Planetary': [661], 'Health,': [662], 'A': [664, 3582], 'major': [665, 1370], 'challenge': [666], 'investigating': [669, 4352], 'establish': [678], 'causal': [679], 'links': [680, 2946], 'specific': [682, 1343, 1747, 2080, 3256, 3318, 3352, 3405, 3444], 'sectoral': [683], 'industry': [685, 3330, 4467, 4543], 'flows': [686], 'both': [691, 1158, 2377, 3454], 'having': [700, 3490], 'environments,': [703, 3286], 'wellbeing.': [707], 'Without': [708], 'understanding': [711, 2579, 3107, 3346, 3439], 'linkages,': [714], 'underpinned': [715], 'comprehensive': [718, 3243], 'robust': [720, 3657], 'scientific': [721], 'base,': [723], 'attempts': [724], 'mitigate': [730], 'will': [736, 743, 766, 819, 933, 1606, 1731, 1881, 1956, 1969, 2009, 2084, 2232, 2334, 2482, 2523, 2691, 2846, 3016, 3129, 3675, 3864, 3901, 3919, 4027, 4041, 4052, 4078, 4094, 4105, 4191, 4195, 4213, 4253, 4259, 4306, 4333, 4344, 4394, 4471, 4547], 'hampered.': [738], 'For': [739, 1038, 1164, 1308, 1360, 1776, 2363], 'reason,': [741, 1362], 'conduct': [744, 3817], 'systematic': [746, 1397, 3268, 3818], 'scoping': [747, 789, 1398, 1728, 2317, 3673, 3725, 3847], 'review,': [748, 1313, 1337, 1729], 'looking': [749, 2556, 4310], 'system.': [764, 915, 2097, 3481], 'conducted': [768, 3338, 3903, 4250], 'line': [770, 2654], 'Preferred': [773], 'Reporting': [774], 'Items': [775], 'Systematic': [777], 'Reviews': [778, 3857], 'Meta-Analyses': [780], '(PRISMA)': [781], 'Extension': [782, 3854], 'Scoping': [784, 3856], 'Reviews,': [785], 'advises': [787], 'reviews': [790, 3269, 3275, 3306, 3335, 3431, 3819], "'may": [791], 'examine': [792, 833, 3865], '(that': [795], 'is,': [796], 'size),': [797], '(variety),': [799], 'nature': [801, 845, 1334, 2204, 3739, 3870, 4270], '(characteristics)': [802], 'topic': [808], "question'": [810], '(Tricco': [811, 3859], 'do': [816, 2123, 4199], 'this,': [817], 'explore': [820], "system's": [823], 'constitutive': [824], 'sub-sectors': [825], "'farm": [828], "flush'": [830], '(volume': [836], 'research),': [838], '(variety': [840], 'exposure-outcome': [842, 3776], 'relationships)': [843], '(study': [846], 'characteristics)': [847], 'impact': [852, 1194, 1299, 1402, 1438, 1493, 1511, 1528, 1548, 1598, 1892, 2142, 2356, 2636, 3098, 3121, 3376, 3876, 4219, 4313, 4408, 4486], 'health,': [859, 1412, 1875, 2007, 3385, 3713, 3746, 3826, 3886], 'economics': [863, 2116, 3720, 3890, 4422, 4459], 'individual': [866, 1413, 2145, 3714, 3747, 3827, 3893, 4416, 4430, 4508], 'household': [868, 1415, 2147, 2166, 2219, 2563, 3716, 3749, 3829, 3895, 4418, 4432, 4510], 'level': [869, 2148, 2522, 2939, 4433, 4511], 'environment.': [872, 1330, 3723, 3899], 'We': [873, 1463, 1571, 2172, 2295, 2500, 2617, 2823, 2929, 3340, 3928, 3970, 4104], 'characterise': [874], 'exposure': [876, 886, 1483, 1657, 1850, 2091, 2659, 2688, 3007, 3028, 3457], 'plastic,': [878, 1737, 1743], 'including': [879, 1005, 1738, 2157, 2918, 3521, 3764, 4032, 4238, 4379, 4438, 4516], 'emanating': [882], 'essential': [889, 2875, 3236], 'fundamental': [892], 'structure': [893], 'functionality': [895], '(i.e.,': [896, 1500, 1529, 1780], 'phthalate': [897], 'plasticisers,': [898], 'Bisphenol': [902], 'A)': [903], 'any': [906, 909, 1581, 1589, 2633, 2827, 2881, 4235, 4376, 4435, 4513], 'point,': [907], 'purpose,': [910], 'explicitly': [911], 'within': [912, 1152, 1264, 1406, 1750, 2025, 2094, 2991, 3125, 3317, 3478, 3760, 3820, 3880, 4355], 'Categories': [916], 'defined': [920, 1385], 'Society': [923], 'Plastics': [926], 'Industry': [927], '(SPI)': [928], 'resin': [929], 'identification': [930], 'codes': [931], 'include:': [934], 'polyethylene': [935], 'terephthalate,': [936], 'high-density': [937], 'polyethylene,': [938, 942], 'polyvinyl': [939], 'chloride,': [940], 'low-density': [941], 'polypropylene,': [943], 'polystyrene': [944], 'styrofoam,': [946], 'miscellaneous': [947], '(includes:': [949], 'polycarbonate,': [950], 'polylactide,': [951], 'acrylic,': [952], 'acrylonitrile': [953], 'butadiene,': [954], 'styrene,': [955], 'fibreglass': [956], 'nylon)': [958], '(Sustainable': [959], 'Coalition,': [961], 'In': [963, 1053, 1095, 1288, 1722, 1867, 3149, 3332, 3638], 'accordance': [964, 2489], 'Food': [967, 1063, 2474, 4474], 'Agricultural': [969], 'Organisation': [970], 'United': [973, 1024, 2539], 'Nations': [974], '(FAO)': [975], 'define': [977], "'the": [982], 'entire': [983], 'activities': [986], 'involved': [987], 'processing,': [991, 1066], 'marketing,': [992], 'consumption': [993, 1092, 1806], 'disposal': [995, 1123, 3528], 'goods': [997], 'originate': [999], 'agriculture,': [1001], 'forestry': [1002], 'fisheries,': [1004], 'inputs': [1007], 'needed': [1008], 'outputs': [1011], 'generated': [1012], 'each': [1014, 2082, 3943, 4010], "steps'": [1017], '(Food': [1018, 2533], 'Agriculture': [1020, 2535], 'Organization': [1021, 2536], 'Nations,': [1025, 2540], 'Plastic': [1027, 1791], 'found': [1033, 4299], 'many': [1035, 3231], 'different': [1036, 1218, 3062, 3329], 'forms.': [1037], 'example,': [1039, 1165, 1777, 2364, 2954, 3414], 'agriculture': [1041, 1170], 'mulching,': [1046], 'tunnels,': [1048], 'greenhouses': [1049], 'irrigation': [1051], 'systems.': [1052], 'fishing,': [1054], 'nets,': [1059], 'lines': [1060, 1252], 'traps.': [1062], 'produce': [1065, 2254], 'storage': [1067, 1133, 2380], 'distribution': [1069], 'form': [1074, 3538], 'packing': [1076], 'crates,': [1077], 'wrapping': [1078], 'contact': [1081], 'equipment.': [1082], 'forms': [1084], 'crucial': [1086, 2062, 3000, 3308], 'sales,': [1089], 'marketing': [1090], 'goods.': [1094], 'addition,': [1096, 3333], 'shopping': [1099, 1228], 'bags,': [1100], 'crockery': [1102], 'cooking': [1104], 'equipment': [1105], 'widely': [1107], 'available': [1108], 'consumer': [1111], 'level.': [1112], 'Finally,': [1113], 'end': [1116], 'management,': [1126], 'pipes,': [1131], 'compost': [1132], 'containers,': [1134], 'black': [1138], 'bags': [1140, 3552, 3586], 'thrown': [1141], 'landfill.': [1143], 'durability': [1145], 'means': [1148, 1258], 'short': [1159, 1177], 'long': [1161, 1281], 'term': [1162], 'effects.': [1163], 'mulch': [1167, 3176, 3184], 'increase': [1172, 2429, 3366], 'crop': [1173, 2252, 3178], 'yields': [1174], 'term,': [1178], 'but': [1179, 2311, 2773], 'when': [1180, 2753], 'begins': [1183], 'break': [1185], 'down': [1186], 'soil,': [1189, 2865, 2884], 'plant': [1196, 2281, 2921, 3188, 4573], 'growth': [1197, 2257], 'soil': [1200, 2260, 2262, 2264, 3289, 3422, 4552, 4554, 4556], 'microbiota': [1201], '(Steinmetz': [1206, 3424], '2016).': [1209, 3427], 'Estimates': [1210], 'biodegradation': [1212], 'times': [1213], '20': [1223, 3057], 'bag,': [1229], '50': [1231], 'styrofoam': [1235], 'cup,': [1236], '450': [1238], 'bottle': [1243], 'up': [1245], '600': [1247], '(Statistica': [1253], 'Grant,': [1255], 'continue': [1269], 'effect': [1273, 1616, 1633, 1651, 1948, 2180, 2526, 2818, 3483], 'environment,': [1276, 2685, 2880, 2917], 'well-being,': [1280], 'after': [1282, 4009], 'their': [1283, 2544, 2908, 4360], 'intended': [1284], 'function': [1285], 'has': [1286, 1761, 2730, 3051, 3249, 3499, 3770], 'passed.': [1287], 'sense,': [1290], 'responsibility': [1292], 'products,': [1296], 'have,': [1302], 'must': [1303], 'endure.': [1305], 'Please': [1306], 'note:': [1307], 'purposes': [1310, 4093], "'impacts'": [1316], "'outcomes'": [1318], 'interchangeably.': [1319], 'health.': [1321, 1601, 1775, 1835, 1966], 'individual/household': [1322], 'economic': [1326, 1419, 2155, 3389], 'factors.': [1327], 'Given': [1331], 'interdisciplinary': [1333], 'expect': [1339], 'heterogeneity': [1340, 1351], 'among': [1341, 3145], 'outcomes': [1344, 1376, 1499, 1517, 1565, 2064, 2230, 2343, 2353, 2487, 2514, 2573, 2853, 2905, 4332, 4535], 'considered': [1345, 1441, 1675, 1763, 2484, 3324, 3778], 'literature,': [1348], 'therefore': [1350, 2332, 2568, 2779], 'associated': [1354, 1817, 1983, 2022, 2039, 2988, 4284], 'mechanisms': [1355], 'pathways': [1357, 1386, 2130, 2686], 'impact.': [1359], 'our': [1363, 1666, 1727, 1826, 2105, 2308, 2316, 2339, 2578, 2653, 2897, 2962, 3047, 3438, 3465, 3485, 3492, 3496, 3846], 'logic': [1364, 1476, 2898], 'model': [1365, 1394, 1477], '(Figure': [1366, 2205], '1)': [1367], 'encapsulates': [1368], 'anticipated': [1371], 'relationships': [1372, 1467, 1555, 2132, 3777], 'exposures': [1374, 2134], 'providing': [1379, 3678], 'flexibility': [1382], 'more': [1384, 1678, 3226, 3232], 'informed': [1389, 3850], 'literature.': [1392], 'Logic': [1393], 'review': [1399, 1827, 2318, 2963, 3416, 3674, 3726, 3848], 'factors': [1420, 2121, 2156, 2241, 2503], '[Color': [1425], 'figure': [1426], 'viewed': [1429], 'wileyonlinelibrary.com]': [1431], 'maintain': [1433], 'clarity,': [1434], 'three': [1436, 1451, 1491], 'ultimate': [1437, 1492, 1510, 1547], 'domains': [1439, 1452, 2357, 3377], 'distinct': [1443], 'outcome': [1444, 2194, 2300, 2325, 2666, 2690, 3319, 3459, 4167, 4399], 'areas,': [1445, 2195, 3320, 4448, 4526], 'though': [1446, 3605], 'acknowledge': [1448], 'interlinked': [1454], 'often': [1456], 'interdependent': [1457], '(Pan': [1458], 'American': [1459], 'Health': [1460, 1788, 1914, 2422], 'Organization,': [1461, 1789, 1915], 'reflect': [1464], 'bi-directional': [1466], "'Broader": [1470], "Interactions'": [1471], 'Figure': [1473, 1569, 1899, 2361, 2647, 2843], '1.': [1474, 1570, 1900, 2362, 2648], 'depicts': [1478], 'relationship': [1480, 1579, 1605, 1840], '(plastics': [1484, 2660], 'system)': [1488, 2664], 'domains.': [1494], 'It': [1495, 2595, 2729], 'encompasses': [1496], 'potential': [1497, 1960, 2044, 2073, 2129], 'direct': [1498, 1597, 1658, 1871, 2179, 2623, 2657, 2699, 2945], 'directly': [1506], 'domain),': [1512], 'intermediate': [1516, 1564, 1887, 1903, 1993, 2013, 2063, 2229, 2342, 2572, 2938, 2981, 4398], 'reasonably': [1520, 1957], 'hypothesise': [1521], 'pathway': [1526, 1832, 1997, 2049, 3004], 'relevant': [1540], 'population': [1541, 2608, 4343], 'exists': [1543], 'prior': [1544], 'domain).': [1549], 'grey': [1551, 2650], 'arrows': [1552], 'indicate': [1553], 'seek': [1558], 'elucidate.': [1560], 'Our': [1561, 2137, 2347, 3672], 'assumptions': [1562, 2348], 'regarding': [1563], 'stated': [1567, 2359], 'anticipate': [1572, 1877, 2173, 2548, 2618, 2930], 'existing': [1574, 3692], 'literature': [1575, 1680, 2175, 2620, 3274], 'describe': [1577, 2127, 2177, 2622, 2682], 'listed': [1584], 'types,': [1586], 'point': [1590, 4119], 'Studies': [1602, 2029, 4216, 4249, 4309, 4351, 4405, 4453, 4483, 4531], 'considering': [1603], 'include': [1609, 1847, 2061, 2240, 2502, 2570, 2848, 2959, 2978, 3619, 4106, 4336], 'populations,': [1611], 'demonstrating': [1612, 2814], 'association': [1618, 1635, 2182], '(including': [1619, 1636, 4149, 4154], 'illness,': [1622, 4144, 4174, 4207], 'disease,': [1623, 2056], 'physical': [1624], 'congenital': [1626], 'abnormalities': [1627], 'physiological': [1629], 'disruptions),': [1630], 'protection': [1637, 1772], 'promotion': [1639], 'prevention': [1644], 'illness': [1646], 'disease),': [1648], 'null': [1650, 2291, 3702], 'association.': [1653], 'arrow': [1655, 2651], 'demonstrates': [1662], 'element': [1664], 'enquiry.': [1667], 'Specific': [1668], 'general': [1679, 2491], 'intestinal': [1684], 'damage': [1685, 2949, 3010], 'tissue': [1687, 2715], 'abrasion': [1688], 'particles': [1691, 1981, 2020, 2860], 'themselves': [1692, 2462], '(Revel,': [1693], 'Châtel,': [1694], 'Mouneyrac,': [1696], '2018)': [1697, 3862], 'via': [1700, 3934], 'leached': [1702, 1740], 'endocrine': [1707], 'dysfunction,': [1708], 'diabetes,': [1709], 'reproductive': [1711], 'problems': [1712], '(Thompson,': [1715], 'Moore,': [1716], 'vom': [1717], 'Saal,': [1718], 'Swan,': [1720], '2009).': [1721, 1866], 'order': [1723, 2575, 2965, 3031, 3253, 3364, 3639], 'qualify': [1725], 'studies': [1730, 1810, 1880, 1918, 1972, 2550, 2932, 3015, 3158, 3164, 4112, 4163, 4180, 4197, 4212], 'demonstrate': [1734, 1882, 1920, 2087, 3019, 3033], 'originated': [1744, 2092], 'always': [1757], 'case.': [1759], 'Research': [1760], 'foodborne': [1778], 'diseases': [1779], 'Salmonella)': [1781], 'caused': [1782, 2705], '420,000': [1783], 'deaths': [1784, 2722], '2010': [1786], '(World': [1787, 1913], '2015).': [1790], 'help': [1794], 'protect': [1796], 'keeping': [1800], 'sterile': [1802], 'safe': [1804], '2012),': [1808], 'hence,': [1809], 'showing': [1811], 'change': [1813, 2782, 3026], 'pathogen/bacterial': [1815], 'content': [1816, 4327], 'would': [1822], 'included': [1824], 'along': [1828, 2398, 3945], 'safety': [1831, 1910, 2004, 2395], 'Mechanisms,': [1836], 'exist': [1846, 3276], 'ingestion,': [1848], 'dermal': [1849, 2719], 'inhalation': [1852], 'chemical': [1857, 1984, 2023, 2862, 2989], '(Revel': [1859], 'Thompson': [1863], 'certain': [1879], 'associations': [1885], 'outcomes,': [1888], 'inferring': [1889], 'subsequent': [1891, 4361], 'shown': [1897, 2640, 2733, 2803, 2841], 'An': [1901, 2695, 3105], 'outcome,': [1904, 2081, 2982], 'mentioned': [1906], 'above,': [1907], 'contamination': [1912, 3197, 4329], '2019).': [1916], 'Some': [1917], '(or': [1923, 1977, 4363], 'absence)': [1924, 1978], 'known': [1926, 2468], 'bacteria': [1928], 'toxicants': [1930], 'foodstuffs': [1932], 'drink': [1934, 1953, 1989, 4349], 'final': [1937], 'outcome.': [1938], 'If': [1939], 'implicated': [1945], 'then': [1954, 2426, 3971, 4079], 'assume': [1958], 'onward': [1962], 'Similarly,': [1967], 'consider': [1971, 2010, 2934, 4455, 4533], 'assess': [1974], 'items': [1990], 'step': [1994, 2014, 3001], 'outcomes.': [2001, 2136], 'Between': [2002], 'one': [2011], 'further': [2012, 3811, 4300], 'body.': [2028], 'able': [2033, 2942], 'provide': [2035, 2296], 'disease': [2040, 3012], 'state': [2041, 3111], 'given': [2042], 'difficulties': [2045], 'studying': [2047], 'proven': [2055], 'however,': [2057], 'wish': [2059, 2957, 2976], 'so': [2065], 'fully': [2068], 'capture': [2069, 2225, 2826, 2967], 'Regardless': [2077], 'study': [2083, 3065, 3780, 4140, 4342], 'need': [2085, 3262, 3809], 'hugely': [2100], 'complex': [2101], 'intricate': [2103], 'field,': [2104, 3785], 'consideration': [2106, 3374], 'focused': [2118], 'selected': [2120, 2154, 3978], 'attempt': [2125], 'key': [2138, 2313], 'interest': [2139], 'domain': [2143], 'security,': [2152], 'changes': [2158, 2519, 2830, 3020], 'income,': [2160], 'expenditure,': [2162], 'expenditure': [2164], 'provisioning': [2168], 'waste.': [2171], '1).': [2206], 'Due': [2207, 2542, 2671, 3082], 'complexity': [2210], 'determinants': [2212], 'economics,': [2220, 3753, 3833], 'aiming': [2223], 'useful': [2234, 3433], 'examining': [2236, 3165], 'relationship.': [2238], 'availability,': [2245, 4475], 'access,': [2247, 4477], 'utilisation,': [2249], 'stability,': [2251], 'yield,': [2255, 4551], 'livestock': [2256, 2283, 4575], 'welfare,': [2259], 'contamination,': [2261, 4553], 'temperature,': [2263, 4555], 'moisture': [2265, 4557], 'nutrient': [2267, 2269, 4326, 4559, 4561], 'content,': [2268, 4560], 'leaching,': [2270, 4562], 'pest': [2271, 4563], 'weed': [2273, 4565], 'control,': [2274, 4566], 'pesticide': [2275, 4567], 'fertiliser': [2277, 4569], 'use,': [2278, 2772, 4570], 'water-use,': [2279, 4571], 'energy-use,': [2280, 4572], 'growth,': [2282, 3189, 4574], 'related': [2287, 4331], 'beneficial,': [2288, 3699], 'associations.': [2294], 'measures': [2301], 'guide': [2304], 'advance': [2306], 'screening': [2309, 3922, 3939, 4048, 4057], 'process': [2310, 2456], 'focus': [2314], 'gather': [2321], 'indicators': [2326, 2676], 'fields': [2330, 3063], 'remain': [2335], 'flexible': [2336], 'updating': [2338], 'list': [2340], 'proceed.': [2346], 'linking': [2350, 3348], "'intermediate'": [2352, 2486, 2513, 2852, 2904], 'plays': [2366], 'preservation': [2373], 'transport': [2378, 2436], 'phases': [2381], 'Logically,': [2388], 'if': [2389], 'ability': [2401], 'travel': [2403], 'undamaged,': [2404], 'capacity': [2407], 'stored': [2410], 'longer': [2412, 2770], 'durations': [2413], 'home': [2416], 'locally': [2418], '(Our': [2419], 'Food:': [2420], 'Public': [2421], 'Impacts': [2423], 'Packaging),': [2425], 'availability': [2431], 'trade': [2434], 'possibilities,': [2437], 'access': [2440], 'hard-to-reach': [2442], 'regions,': [2443], 'stability': [2447], 'people': [2453], 'store,': [2455], 'safely,': [2460], 'guarding': [2461], 'against': [2463], 'shortages.': [2464], 'components': [2466, 2876], "'Four": [2471], 'Pillars': [2472], "Security'": [2475], '(Bokeloh,': [2476], 'Gerster-Bentaya,': [2477], 'Weingärtner,': [2479], '2005)': [2480], 'consensus': [2492], 'building': [2495], 'blocks': [2496], 'security.': [2499], 'crop/product': [2506], 'yield': [2507, 3179], 'post-harvest': [2509], 'losses': [2510], 'under': [2515], 'assumption': [2517], 'income': [2529, 2566], 'families': [2532], '2014).': [2541], 'multifactorial': [2545], 'nature,': [2546], 'follow': [2553], 'through': [2554, 2709, 3965, 4055], 'economy': [2564], 'broaden': [2577, 3372], 'plastics.': [2586, 2839, 3394], 'multifaceted.': [2594], 'framed': [2598], 'terms': [2600], 'biodiversity,': [2604], 'species': [2605, 2708], 'counts,': [2609], 'services': [2611], 'resources': [2614], '(OECD,': [2615], '2003).': [2616], 'areas.': [2637, 4248, 4389], 'Impact': [2643], 'Domain': [2644], 'column': [2645], 'indicates': [2652], 'exploration': [2656], '(impact': [2667], 'environment).': [2670], 'similarly': [2693], 'diverse.': [2694], 'harm': [2704], 'ingestion': [2710], 'entanglement,': [2712], 'abrasion,': [2716], 'gut': [2717], 'obstruction,': [2718], 'wounds': [2720], '(Duncan': [2723], 'most': [2736], 'common': [2737], 'releasing': [2744], 'gases,': [2746], 'methane': [2747, 2809], 'ethylene,': [2749], 'exposed': [2754], 'ambient': [2756], 'solar': [2757], 'radiation.': [2758], 'includes': [2760], 'land': [2764, 3181], 'sea,': [2768], 'no': [2769, 4185], '(Royer,': [2783], 'Ferrón,': [2784], 'Wilson,': [2785], 'Karl,': [2787], 'sheets': [2791], 'cover': [2794], 'manure': [2795], 'sector': [2799], 'amount': [2807], 'released': [2810], 'atmosphere,': [2813], 'environmentally': [2816], 'protective': [2817], 'aim': [2824, 3341, 3370], 'measurable': [2828], 'occur': [2832], 'result': [2835], '1,': [2844], 'water': [2868, 2887], '(both': [2869], 'freshwater': [2870], 'marine)': [2872], 'samples.': [2873, 4350], 'constitute': [2888], 'themselves.': [2894], 'model,': [2899], 'due': [2906], 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[3131, 3257], 'future': [3133, 3187], 'lead': [3137], 'evidenced-based,': [3139], 'targeted': [3140], 'greater': [3143], 'accountability': [3144], 'actors.': [3148], 'just': [3150, 3221], 'year,': [3153], '2018,': [3154], 'numerous': [3155], 'primary': [3156, 3265, 3812], 'published,': [3161], 'litter': [3171], 'coral,': [3173], 'degradation,': [3182], 'residue': [3185], 'fruit': [3195], 'juice': [3196], '(Gao': [3198], '2019;': [3201], 'Haque,': [3202], 'Jahiruddin,': [3203], 'Clarke,': [3205], 'Rastkari,': [3207], 'Jeddi,': [3208], 'Yunesian,': [3209], 'Ahmadkhaniha,': [3211], 'Valderrama': [3213], 'Ballesteros,': [3214], 'Matthews,': [3215], 'Hoeksema,': [3217], 'few': [3223], 'studies,': [3228, 4109], 'appearing': [3233], 'coherent': [3241], 'picture': [3244, 3690], 'done': [3251], 'additional': [3264, 3997], 'research,': [3266], 'decisions.': [3272], 'Important': [3273], 'look': [3278], '(Chae': [3295], 'An,': [3297], 'Revel': [3301], 'elucidating': [3310], 'knowledge': [3311], 'generally': [3325], 'sources.': [3331], 'systematically.': [3339], 'add': [3343], 'source': [3353], 'usage': [3356, 3518], '(the': [3357], 'sub-sectors),': [3362], 'accountability.': [3367], 'Additionally': [3368], 'simultaneously': [3379], 'take': [3380, 4265], 'Literature': [3395], 'reviews,': [3396], 'albeit': [3397], 'systematic,': [3399], 'addressed': [3401], 'some': [3402], 'mulching': [3420], 'quality': [3423], 'kinds': [3429], 'offering': [3435], 'depth': [3436], 'narrow': [3451], 'scope,': [3453], 'level,': [3460, 3896], 'aims': [3466], 'characterising': [3468], 'landscape': [3472], 'surroundings': [3493], 'own': [3497], 'concern': [3504], 'years.': [3507], 'Governments': [3508], 'implementing': [3513], 'policies': [3514, 3535, 3564, 3618, 3643, 3685], 'sectors,': [3520], 'sector,': [3524], 'improve': [3527], 'methods': [3531], '(UNEP,': [3532, 3580, 3670], 'Several': [3534], 'nationwide': [3540], 'bans': [3541], 'levies': [3543], 'import': [3547], 'sales': [3549], 'polythene': [3551], 'implemented': [3555, 3594], 'globally.': [3556], 'Amongst': [3557], 'first': [3559, 3907], 'countries': [3560], 'formalise': [3562], 'were': [3565, 3951, 3981, 3991, 4005], 'Denmark': [3566], '1994,': [3568], 'Bangladesh': [3569], '2002,': [3571], 'South': [3572], 'Africa': [3573], '2003': [3575], 'Tanzania': [3577], '2006': [3579], 'ban': [3583, 3621], 'reinforced': [3588], 'Delhi,': [3590], 'India': [3591], 'monetary': [3596], 'fines': [3597], 'vendors': [3599], 'businesses': [3601], 'caught': [3602], 'using': [3603], 'them,': [3604], 'efficacy': [3607], 'approach': [3610], 'unclear': [3612], '(FE': [3613], 'Online,': [3614], 'Additional': [3616, 4039], 'planned': [3617], 'straws,': [3624], 'cutlery': [3625], 'restrictions': [3627, 4296, 4393], 'non-reusable': [3629], 'coffee': [3630], 'cups': [3631], 'European': [3634], 'Union': [3635], '(Batchelor,': [3636], 'ensure': [3641], 'effective': [3645], 'reducing': [3647], 'reforming': [3649], 'sufficiently': [3656], 'meeting': [3659, 3937], 'resistance': [3660], 'industry,': [3664], 'strong': [3666], 'evidence-base': [3667, 3680], 'required': [3669], 'contribute': [3676], 'sustainable': [3682], 'delivering': [3687], 'broad': [3689], 'pertaining': [3694], 'motivated': [3728], 'following': [3731], 'questions:': [3732], 'What': [3733], 'extent,': [3736, 3867], 'conducted,': [3772], 'design': [3781], 'characteristics': [3782], '2000?': [3787], 'Are': [3788], 'gaps': [3791], 'shortfalls': [3793], 'relating': [3794], 'opportunities': [3815], 'context': [3822], 'system?': [3842], 'methodology': [3844], 'PRISMA': [3853], 'checklist': [3858], 'Screening': [3900], 'two': [3905], 'stages,': [3906], 'title': [3909, 3924, 4023], 'abstract': [3911, 3926, 4025], 'secondly': [3913], 'text.': [3916], 'Four': [3917], 'researchers': [3918], 'double': [3921, 3982, 4056], 'stage.': [3927], 'held': [3929], 'initial': [3931], 'training': [3932, 3962, 3999, 4040], 'session': [3933], 'online': [3936], 'tools': [3940], 'provided': [3941, 4006, 4043], 'screener': [3944], '10': [3947], 'articles.': [3949], 'Screeners': [3950], 'blind': [3952], 'inclusion/exclusion': [3956, 4020], 'articles': [3960, 3979], 'completed': [3964, 3972], 'discussion': [3966], 'on-the-spot': [3968], 'tests.': [3969], '3': [3973], 'rounds': [3974], '100': [3976], 'randomly': [3977], 'screened': [3983, 4082], 'Joe': [3985, 4087], 'Yates': [3986], 'Megan': [3988, 3994], 'Deeney.': [3989], 'Discrepancies': [3990, 4018], 'resolved': [3992, 4029], 'Deeney': [3995], 'in-depth': [3998], 'sessions': [4000], 'and/or': [4001, 4246, 4387, 4446, 4524], 'notes': [4002], 'discrepancies': [4004], 'screeners': [4008], 'round,': [4011], 'before': [4012, 4257], 'moving': [4013], 'next.': [4017], 'decisions': [4021], 'during': [4022], 'phase': [4026], 'automatically': [4031], 'those': [4033, 4256], 'results': [4034, 4061], 'text': [4037, 4047], 'review.': [4038], 'ahead': [4044], 'agreement': [4050, 4069], 'calculated': [4054], 'subsets': [4058], '20–30': [4060], 'time,': [4064], 'until': [4065], 'consistent': [4067], 'average': [4068], 'rate': [4070], 'above': [4072], '80%': [4073], 'achieved.': [4075], 'Full': [4076], 'texts': [4077], 'single': [4081], '5%': [4084], 'checks': [4085], 'Yates.': [4088], 'Coding': [4089], 'extraction': [4092], 'trained': [4096], 'tested': [4099], 'same': [4102, 4391], 'way.': [4103], 'experimental': [4108], 'non-experimental': [4111], 'including:': [4113], 'analytical': [4114], 'cross': [4115, 4125], 'sectional': [4116, 4126], '(single': [4117], 'comparator': [4122, 4133, 4186], 'group),': [4123, 4134], 'repeated': [4124], '(multiple': [4127], 'points': [4129], 'longitudinal': [4135], 'observational': [4136], 'cohort': [4137], 'case-control,': [4138], 'case': [4139, 4162, 4196], '(post-mortem,': [4141], 'diagnosis': [4142, 4171, 4204], 'injury': [4145, 4175, 4208], 'entanglement)': [4147], 'ecological': [4148], 'temporal': [4150], 'geographical),': [4152], 'modelling': [4153], 'risk': 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'Animal': [4304], 'experiments': [4305], 'shelf': [4324], 'necessarily': [4335], 'population.': [4339], 'Instead': [4340], 'consist': [4345], 'lack': [4364], 'of)': [4365], 'body': [4369], 'applied': [4396], '(publication': [4401], 'date:': [4402], 'onwards).': [4404], 'high-': [4439, 4517], 'present.': [4452, 4530], 'scale': [4463, 4539], 'national': [4469, 4545], 'levels': [4470, 4546], 'stability:': [4482], 'four': [4496], 'pillars': [4497], 'Crop/produce': [4550], 're': [4579]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2963649472', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-15T23:01:52.447811', 'created_date': '2019-07-30'}
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