Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2963140861', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900212485', 'title': 'Hypernovae and their nucleosynthesis', 'display_name': 'Hypernovae and their nucleosynthesis', 'publication_year': 2003, 'publication_date': '2003-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2963140861', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900212485', 'mag': '2963140861'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900212485', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/1148FD4D103422F8B24A303BDC2FA321/S0074180900212485a.pdf/div-class-title-hypernovae-and-their-nucleosynthesis-div.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306531450', 'display_name': 'Symposium - International Astronomical Union', 'issn_l': '0074-1809', 'issn': ['0074-1809', '2352-2186'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/1148FD4D103422F8B24A303BDC2FA321/S0074180900212485a.pdf/div-class-title-hypernovae-and-their-nucleosynthesis-div.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5033009316', 'display_name': 'K. Nomoto', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9553-0685'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I74801974', 'display_name': 'The University of Tokyo', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/057zh3y96', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I74801974']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': "Ken'ichi Nomoto", 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I74801974']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5064897101', 'display_name': 'Keiichi Maeda', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-7269'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I74801974', 'display_name': 'The University of Tokyo', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/057zh3y96', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I74801974']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Keiichi Maeda', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I74801974']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5006554877', 'display_name': 'Hideyuki Umeda', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8338-502X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I74801974', 'display_name': 'The University of Tokyo', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/057zh3y96', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I74801974']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Hideyuki Umeda', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I74801974']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5018482136', 'display_name': 'Takuya Ohkubo', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I74801974', 'display_name': 'The University of Tokyo', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/057zh3y96', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I74801974']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Takuya Ohkubo', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I74801974']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109065769', 'display_name': 'Jing-Song Deng', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I74801974', 'display_name': 'The University of Tokyo', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/057zh3y96', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I74801974']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jingsong Deng', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I74801974']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5085076363', 'display_name': 'P. A. Mazzali', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6876-8284'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801536946', 'display_name': 'Trieste Astronomical Observatory', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00c9gth79', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2801536946', 'https://openalex.org/I875825670']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Paolo Mazzali', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Osservatorio Astronomico, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Osservatorio Astronomico, Via G.B. Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801536946']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.905, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 26, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.776023, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 87, 'max': 88}, 'biblio': {'volume': '212', 'issue': None, 'first_page': '395', 'last_page': '403'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11323', 'display_name': 'Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11323', 'display_name': 'Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10039', 'display_name': 'Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies', 'score': 0.9875, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10744', 'display_name': 'Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations', 'score': 0.9814, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/hypernova', 'display_name': 'Hypernova', 'score': 0.99289495}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C125873045', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4188', 'display_name': 'Hypernova', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.99289495}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127592171', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3937', 'display_name': 'Supernova', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.88433206}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4397270', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471702', 'display_name': 'Nucleosynthesis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.82475567}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44870925', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547', 'display_name': 'Astrophysics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7359762}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.72158074}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C150846664', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7602306', 'display_name': 'Stars', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.66051334}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98444146', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318', 'display_name': 'Galaxy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5751176}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1276947', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333', 'display_name': 'Astronomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34593385}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900212485', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/1148FD4D103422F8B24A303BDC2FA321/S0074180900212485a.pdf/div-class-title-hypernovae-and-their-nucleosynthesis-div.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306531450', 'display_name': 'Symposium - International Astronomical Union', 'issn_l': '0074-1809', 'issn': ['0074-1809', '2352-2186'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0209064', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0209064', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0209064', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900212485', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/1148FD4D103422F8B24A303BDC2FA321/S0074180900212485a.pdf/div-class-title-hypernovae-and-their-nucleosynthesis-div.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306531450', 'display_name': 'Symposium - International Astronomical Union', 'issn_l': '0074-1809', 'issn': ['0074-1809', '2352-2186'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 42, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1509460399', 'https://openalex.org/W1549786641', 'https://openalex.org/W1580109139', 'https://openalex.org/W1636427801', 'https://openalex.org/W1660621820', 'https://openalex.org/W1710955822', 'https://openalex.org/W1853831435', 'https://openalex.org/W1913860194', 'https://openalex.org/W1963927651', 'https://openalex.org/W1978368813', 'https://openalex.org/W1987095925', 'https://openalex.org/W1988090704', 'https://openalex.org/W2017758872', 'https://openalex.org/W2018838570', 'https://openalex.org/W2022381789', 'https://openalex.org/W2023616470', 'https://openalex.org/W2034830473', 'https://openalex.org/W2036447021', 'https://openalex.org/W2052619536', 'https://openalex.org/W2057355349', 'https://openalex.org/W2063766803', 'https://openalex.org/W2071250732', 'https://openalex.org/W2071615312', 'https://openalex.org/W2071664622', 'https://openalex.org/W2082211330', 'https://openalex.org/W2085599468', 'https://openalex.org/W2089076646', 'https://openalex.org/W2097611961', 'https://openalex.org/W2140872038', 'https://openalex.org/W2143664172', 'https://openalex.org/W2602257590', 'https://openalex.org/W2950099245', 'https://openalex.org/W2996146371', 'https://openalex.org/W3099752103', 'https://openalex.org/W3100514499', 'https://openalex.org/W3101599751', 'https://openalex.org/W3101923103', 'https://openalex.org/W3102204931', 'https://openalex.org/W3105172961', 'https://openalex.org/W3106010656', 'https://openalex.org/W3151673169', 'https://openalex.org/W4244945807'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4205091214', 'https://openalex.org/W3099274523', 'https://openalex.org/W3098418636', 'https://openalex.org/W3092497336', 'https://openalex.org/W2295722860', 'https://openalex.org/W2028466334', 'https://openalex.org/W1979347447', 'https://openalex.org/W1621309349', 'https://openalex.org/W1605519750', 'https://openalex.org/W1523099824'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'We': [0, 163], 'review': [1], 'the': [2, 24, 30, 34, 68, 144, 152, 172], 'characteristics': [3], 'of': [4, 79, 114, 135, 151], 'nucleosynthesis': [5], 'in': [6, 43, 71, 95, 104, 124, 128], '‘hypernovae’,': [7], 'i.e.,': [8], 'core-collapse': [9], 'supernovae': [10], 'with': [11], 'very': [12, 72, 105], 'large': [13, 99], 'explosion': [14], 'energies': [15], '(≳': [16], '10': [17], '52': [18], 'ergs).': [19], 'The': [20, 98, 148], 'hypernova': [21, 161], 'yields': [22], 'show': [23], 'following': [25], 'characteristics:': [26], '(': [27, 75, 117], 'i': [28], ')': [29, 77, 119], 'mass': [31], 'ratio': [32, 146], 'between': [33], 'complete': [35], 'and': [36, 61, 87, 116, 139], 'incomplete': [37], 'Si': [38], 'burning': [39, 121], 'regions': [40, 127], 'is': [41], 'larger': [42, 57, 133], 'hypernovae': [44, 129, 167], 'than': [45, 94], 'normal': [46, 96], 'supernovae.': [47, 97], 'As': [48], 'a': [49, 111, 132], 'result,': [50], 'higher': [51], 'energy': [52], 'explosions': [53], 'tend': [54], 'to': [55, 130, 160, 171], 'produce': [56], '[(Zn,': [58], 'Co,': [59], 'V)/Fe]': [60], 'smaller': [62], '[(Mn,': [63], 'Cr)/Fe],': [64], 'which': [65, 142], 'could': [66], 'explain': [67], 'trend': [69], 'observed': [70, 103], 'metal-poor': [73], 'stars;': [74], 'ii': [76], 'because': [78], 'enhanced': [80], 'α-rich': [81], 'freeze-out,': [82], '44': [83], 'Ca,': [84], '48': [85], 'Ti,': [86], '64': [88], 'Zn': [89], 'are': [90], 'produced': [91], 'more': [92, 125], 'abundantly': [93], '[(Ti,': [100], 'Zn)/Fe]': [101], 'ratios': [102], 'metal': [106], 'poor': [107], 'stars': [108], 'strongly': [109], 'suggest': [110, 165], 'significant': [112], 'contribution': [113, 170], 'hypernovae;': [115], 'iii': [118], 'oxygen': [120], 'takes': [122], 'place': [123], 'extended': [126], 'synthesize': [131], 'amount': [134], 'Si,': [136], 'S,': [137], 'Ar,': [138], 'Ca': [140], '(‘Si’),': [141], 'makes': [143], '‘Si’/O': [145], 'larger.': [147], 'abundance': [149], 'pattern': [150], 'starburst': [153], 'galaxy': [154], 'M': [155], '82': [156], 'may': [157], 'be': [158], 'attributed': [159], 'explosions.': [162], 'thus': [164], 'that': [166], 'make': [168], 'important': [169], 'early': [173], 'Galactic': [174], '(and': [175], 'cosmic)': [176], 'chemical': [177], 'evolution.': [178]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2963140861', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-14T00:52:43.086572', 'created_date': '2019-07-30'}