ECDC, EFSA and EMA Joint Scientific Opinion on a list of outcome indicators as regards surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial consumption in humans and food‐producing animals

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
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84, 91], '(BIOHAZ),': [42, 85], '(BIOHAZ)Search': [49, 92], 'for': [50, 57, 60, 66, 69, 73, 93, 100, 103, 109, 112, 116, 375, 416, 444, 488, 635, 646, 674, 717, 742, 895, 922, 946, 1029, 1200, 1238, 1515, 1531, 1543, 1661, 1712, 1725, 1854, 1904, 1972, 2028, 2126, 2372, 2421, 2599, 2789, 2968, 2993, 3224, 3270, 3314, 3343, 3412, 3426, 3462, 3469, 3529, 3559, 3584, 3713, 3756, 3769, 3777, 3792, 3904, 4137, 4221, 4243], 'more': [51, 74, 94, 117, 770, 1191, 1206, 1879, 2259, 3971, 3980, 3996, 4180, 4367], 'papers': [52, 75, 95, 118], 'by': [53, 76, 96, 119, 622, 942, 1045, 1218, 1581, 1605, 1705, 1760, 1821, 2258, 2274, 2323, 2580, 2641, 2671, 2697, 2760, 2774, 2794, 2831, 3007, 3054, 3131, 3574, 3620, 3706, 4161, 4164], 'this': [54, 77, 97, 120, 380, 396, 445, 557, 3808, 3841, 3943, 4040, 4059, 4210, 4216], 'authorEMA': [55, 98], 'Committee': [56, 65, 99, 108], 'Medicinal': [58, 67, 101, 110], 'Products': [59, 68, 102, 111], 'Veterinary': [61, 70, 104, 113, 2826], 'Use': [62, 71, 105, 114, 523], '(CVMP),': [63, 106], '(CVMP)Search': [72, 115], 'author': [78, 121], 'First': [122], 'published:': [123], '26': [124], 'October': [125], '2017': [126, 451, 457, 463, 485], 'https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5017Citations:': [127], '20': [128], 'Correspondence:': [129], '[email protected],': [130], '[email protected],': [131], '[email protected]': [132], 'Requestor:': [133], 'European': [134, 433, 486, 494, 499, 874, 889, 893, 902, 909, 929, 980, 2325, 2362, 2423, 2489, 2597, 2606, 2613, 2634, 2646, 2663, 2676, 2702, 2708, 2722, 2729, 2748, 2823, 2847, 3163, 3207, 3626, 3690], 'Commission': [135, 890, 930, 2326, 2490, 3164, 3208], 'Question': [136], 'number:': [137], 'EFSA-Q-2016-00638': [138], 'Authors:': [139], 'ECDC:': [140], 'Martin': [141], 'Cormican,': [142], 'Susan': [143], 'Hopkins,': [144], 'Vincent': [145], 'Jarlier,': [146], 'Jacqui': [147], 'Reilly,': [148], 'Gunnar': [149], 'Skov': [150], 'Simonsen,': [151], 'Reinhild': [152], 'Strauss,': [153], 'Olivier': [154], 'Vandenberg,': [155], 'Dorota': [156], 'Zabicka,': [157], 'Peter': [158, 287], 'Zarb,': [159], 'Mike': [160], 'Catchpole,': [161], 'Ole': [162], 'Heuer,': [163], 'Elias': [164], 'Iosifidis,': [165], 'Dominique': [166], 'Monnet,': [167], 'Diamantis': [168], 'Plachouras': [169], 'Klaus': [171], 'Weist.': [172], 'EFSA:': [173], 'Antonia': [174], 'Ricci,': [175], 'Ana': [176], 'Allende,': [177], 'Declan': [178], 'Bolton,': [179], 'Marianne': [180], 'Chemaly,': [181], 'Robert': [182], 'Davies,': [183], 'Pablo': [184], 'Salvador': [185], 'Fernandez': [186], 'Escamez,': [187], 'Rosina': [188], 'Girones,': [189], 'Lieve': [190], 'Herman,': [191], 'Kostas': [192], 'Koutsoumanis,': [193], 'Roland': [194], 'Lindqvist,': [195], 'Birgit': [196], 'Nørrung,': [197], 'Lucy': [198], 'Robertson,': [199], 'Giuseppe': [200], 'Ru,': [201], 'Moez': [202], 'Sanaa,': [203], 'Marion': [204], 'Simmons,': [205], 'Panagiotis': [206], 'Skandamis,': [207], 'Emma': [208], 'Snary,': [209], 'Niko': [210], 'Speybroeck,': [211], 'Benno': [212], 'Ter': [213], 'Kuile,': [214], 'John': [215], 'Threlfall,': [216], 'Helene': [217], 'Wahlström,': [218], 'Bernd-Alois': [219], 'Tenhagen,': [220], 'Christopher': [221, 345], 'Teale,': [222, 346], 'Gertraud': [223], 'Schüepbach,': [224], 'Pierre-Alexandre': [225], 'Beloeil,': [226], 'Ernesto': [227], 'Liebana': [228], 'Pietro': [230], 'Stella.': [231], 'EMA:': [232], 'David': [233], 'Murphy,': [234], 'Brigitte': [235], 'Hauser,': [236], 'Bruno': [237], 'Urbain,': [238], 'Emil': [239], 'Iliev': [240], 'Kozhuharov,': [241], 'Frane': [242], 'Božić,': [243], 'Alia': [244], 'Michaelidou-Patsia,': [245], 'Jiří': [246], 'Bureš,': [247], 'Ellen-Margrethe': [248], 'Vestergaard,': [249], 'Keith': [250], 'Baptiste,': [251], 'Toomas': [252], 'Tiirats,': [253], 'Martti': [254], 'Nevalainen,': [255], 'Jean-Claude': [256], 'Rouby,': [257], 'Gesine': [258], 'Hahn,': [259], 'Wilhelm': [260], 'Schlumbohm,': [261], 'Ioannis': [262], 'Malemis,': [263], 'Gábor': [264], 'Kulcsár,': [265], 'Johann': [266], 'M.': [267], 'Lenhardsson,': [268], 'Jeremiah': [269], 'Gabriel': [270], 'Beechinor,': [271], 'Rory': [272], 'Breathnach,': [273], 'Paolo': [274], 'Pasquali,': [275], 'Zanda': [276], 'Auce,': [277], 'Petras': [278], 'Mačiulskis,': [279], 'Marc': [280], 'Schmit,': [281], 'Stephen': [282], 'Spiteri,': [283], 'Gerrit': [284], 'Johan': [285], 'Schefferlie,': [286], 'Hekman,': [288], 'Hanne': [289], 'Bergendahl,': [290], 'Anna': [291], 'Wachnik-Święcicka,': [292], 'João': [293], 'Pedro': [294], 'Duarte': [295], 'Da': [296], 'Silva,': [297], 'Lollita': [298], 'Sanda': [299], 'Camelia': [300], 'Taban,': [301], 'Judita': [302], 'Hederová,': [303], 'Katarina': [304], 'Straus,': [305], 'Cristina': [306, 326], 'Muñoz': [307], 'Madero,': [308], 'Eva': [309], 'Lander': [310], 'Persson,': [311], 'Helen': [312], 'Jukes,': [313], 'Jason': [314], 'Weeks,': [315], 'Katariina': [316], 'Kivilahti-Mäntylä,': [317], 'Gérard': [318], 'Moulin,': [319], 'Jürgen': [320], 'Wallmann,': [321], 'Kari': [322], 'Grave,': [323], 'Christina': [324], 'Greko,': [325], 'Muñoz,': [327], 'Damien': [328], 'Bouchard,': [329], 'Boudewijn': [330], 'Catry,': [331], 'Miguel': [332], 'A': [333], 'Moreno,': [334], 'Constança': [335], 'Pomba,': [336], 'Merja': [337], 'Rantala,': [338], 'Modestas': [339], 'Ruzauskas,': [340], 'Pascal': [341], 'Sanders,': [342], 'Christine': [343], 'Schwarz,': [344], 'Engeline': [347], 'van': [348], 'Duijkeren,': [349], 'Astrid': [350], 'Louise': [351], 'Wester,': [352], 'Kristine': [353], 'Ignate,': [354], 'Zoltan': [355], 'Kunsagi': [356], 'Jordi': [358], 'Torren-Edo.': [359], 'Acknowledgements:': [360], 'the': [362, 366, 373, 376, 383, 390, 399, 405, 411, 420, 424, 432, 437, 468, 481, 538, 548, 596, 617, 626, 632, 786, 811, 814, 819, 828, 863, 888, 892, 901, 908, 934, 978, 984, 986, 994, 1004, 1025, 1030, 1035, 1038, 1046, 1068, 1102, 1122, 1134, 1150, 1177, 1219, 1226, 1230, 1269, 1279, 1293, 1302, 1309, 1357, 1363, 1396, 1415, 1423, 1449, 1467, 1472, 1506, 1517, 1522, 1558, 1575, 1582, 1599, 1606, 1612, 1621, 1628, 1637, 1644, 1658, 1678, 1694, 1699, 1719, 1722, 1746, 1754, 1774, 1784, 1790, 1809, 1817, 1833, 1856, 1882, 1905, 1914, 1932, 1935, 1942, 1975, 1980, 1990, 1997, 2017, 2042, 2085, 2097, 2134, 2144, 2147, 2157, 2163, 2181, 2184, 2188, 2194, 2207, 2216, 2237, 2240, 2246, 2295, 2324, 2333, 2340, 2361, 2403, 2408, 2422, 2440, 2449, 2470, 2488, 2492, 2499, 2502, 2507, 2517, 2523, 2530, 2535, 2554, 2560, 2566, 2581, 2587, 2596, 2605, 2612, 2649, 2683, 2687, 2707, 2721, 2728, 2738, 2767, 2777, 2819, 2838, 2844, 2863, 2872, 2902, 2913, 2924, 2939, 2945, 2952, 2958, 2983, 2989, 3025, 3032, 3038, 3042, 3055, 3063, 3078, 3093, 3098, 3112, 3123, 3142, 3145, 3150, 3162, 3178, 3190, 3194, 3233, 3271, 3280, 3312, 3322, 3326, 3351, 3354, 3422, 3427, 3432, 3435, 3445, 3457, 3463, 3479, 3481, 3487, 3493, 3499, 3505, 3515, 3521, 3524, 3533, 3547, 3605, 3625, 3637, 3644, 3683, 3733, 3754, 3793, 3805, 3817, 3838, 3883, 3905, 3911, 3916, 3935, 3939, 3958, 3966, 3970, 3979, 3991, 3995, 4011, 4026, 4032, 4056, 4080, 4093, 4167, 4189, 4197, 4213, 4269, 4299, 4309, 4329, 4364, 4378], 'CVMP': [364, 422], 'BIOHAZ': [368, 426, 459], 'wish': [370, 428], 'to': [371, 379, 429, 506, 528, 551, 585, 644, 658, 690, 699, 705, 711, 750, 767, 778, 800, 826, 872, 883, 913, 954, 983, 1002, 1013, 1088, 1171, 1187, 1210, 1236, 1261, 1292, 1404, 1411, 1462, 1504, 1620, 1635, 1643, 1675, 1685, 1765, 1799, 1827, 1863, 1868, 1887, 1938, 1956, 1963, 1985, 2015, 2067, 2095, 2116, 2124, 2174, 2231, 2265, 2289, 2306, 2338, 2381, 2433, 2447, 2454, 2458, 2465, 2477, 2545, 2926, 3015, 3050, 3065, 3086, 3110, 3119, 3128, 3140, 3156, 3167, 3182, 3215, 3288, 3320, 3349, 3378, 3388, 3451, 3554, 3597, 3642, 3651, 3662, 3670, 3679, 3703, 3719, 3728, 3766, 3780, 3816, 3942, 3985, 4001, 4010, 4044, 4052, 4064, 4069, 4078, 4091, 4105, 4130, 4142, 4182, 4257, 4325, 4369, 4372], 'thank': [372], 'following': [374, 3281], 'support': [377, 873, 1925, 3111], 'provided': [378, 442, 2273, 2322, 3264, 3751], 'scientific': [381, 397, 446, 2212], 'opinion:': [382], 'members': [388, 415], 'ad': [391], 'hoc': [392], 'Working': [393, 408], 'Groups': [394], 'drafting': [395], 'opinion;': [398], 'sales': [401, 722, 726, 732, 736, 1474, 1548, 1554, 1563, 2839], 'Expert': [402, 3406], 'Advisory': [403, 413, 453], 'Group;': [404], 'Antimicrobials': [407], 'party;': [409], 'ECDC': [412, 2275], 'Forum': [414], 'their': [417, 592, 867, 881, 947, 1929, 2089, 3117, 3197, 3730, 3745, 3919, 4303, 4355], 'endorsement.': [418], 'acknowledge': [430], 'all': [431, 784, 1161, 1566, 3106, 3160, 3707, 3757, 3821, 3865, 4249], 'competent': [434], 'institutions': [435], 'Member': [438, 588, 623, 877, 2623], 'State': [439], 'bodies': [440], 'that': [441, 933, 949, 966, 1100, 1194, 1213, 1616, 1707, 1762, 1823, 2369, 2951, 3175, 3667, 3869, 3888, 3895, 4322], 'data': [443, 620, 865, 974, 1124, 1880, 1959, 2087, 2185, 2197, 2210, 2238, 2462, 2551, 2621, 2647, 2677, 2703, 2765, 2799, 2836, 2928, 3543, 3686, 3972, 4008, 4028, 4301], 'opinion.': [447, 1135, 3809, 4211], 'Adopted:': [448], '22': [449], 'September': [450, 456, 462], '(ECDC': [452], 'Forum),': [454], '14': [455], '(EFSA': [458], 'Panel),': [460], '6': [461], '(EMA': [464], 'CVMP)': [465], 'Reproduction': [466], 'images': [469], 'listed': [470], 'below': [471, 527, 550], 'is': [472, 1065, 1081, 1229, 1259, 1278, 1308, 1341, 1395, 1422, 1448, 1456, 1471, 1579, 1655, 1673, 1693, 1734, 1780, 1796, 1849, 2349, 2367, 2379, 2418, 2431, 3317, 3346, 3718, 3774, 3846, 3868, 3946, 4042, 4127, 4157, 4204, 4321], 'prohibited': [473], 'permission': [475], 'must': [476, 2046, 4278], 'be': [477, 791, 801, 852, 940, 952, 969, 1000, 1109, 1169, 1633, 1899, 2006, 2047, 2074, 2117, 2175, 2224, 2254, 2281, 3263, 3286, 3376, 3439, 3538, 3641, 3660, 3680, 3697, 3704, 3739, 3753, 3767, 3923, 3984, 4000, 4131, 4143, 4279, 4290], 'sought': [478], 'directly': [479, 4159], 'from': [480, 1589, 1698, 1753, 1770, 1773, 1816, 1876, 2050, 2193, 2538, 2622, 2808, 2884, 2948, 3820, 4174], 'copyright': [482], 'holder:': [483], '©': [484, 493, 498], 'Centre': [487, 894, 2598], 'Disease': [489, 896, 2600], 'Prevention': [490, 897, 2601], 'Control,': [492], 'Medicines': [495, 910, 2614], 'Agency': [496, 911, 2615], 'Food': [500, 903, 2607], 'Safety': [501, 904, 2608], 'Authority': [502, 905, 2609], 'AboutSectionsPDF': [503], 'ToolsExport': [504], 'citationAdd': [505], 'favoritesTrack': [507], 'citation': [508], 'ShareShare': [509], 'Give': [510], 'accessShare': [511, 514], 'full': [512, 748], 'text': [513], 'full-text': [515, 530, 554], 'accessPlease': [516], 'review': [517], 'our': [518], 'Terms': [519, 542, 2318, 3203, 3606], 'Conditions': [521, 544], 'check': [525], 'box': [526], 'share': [529, 552], 'version': [531, 555], 'article.I': [533], 'have': [534, 576, 613, 1204, 2203, 2434, 3066, 3614], 'read': [535], 'accept': [537], 'Wiley': [539], 'Online': [540], 'Library': [541], 'UseShareable': [546], 'LinkUse': [547], 'link': [549], 'article': [558], 'with': [559, 1401, 1844, 2008, 2178, 2352, 2784, 2818, 3266, 3397, 3565, 3722, 3931, 4281, 4357], 'your': [560], 'friends': [561], 'colleagues.': [563], 'Learn': [564], 'more.Copy': [565], 'URL': [566], 'Share': [567], 'linkShare': [569], 'onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat': [570], 'Abstract': [571], 'jointly': [577, 914, 3216], 'established': [578], 'harmonised': [582, 919, 2931, 3172], 'assist': [586, 3177], 'EU': [587, 1036, 1883, 2583, 2820, 2845, 2953, 3113, 3179, 3433, 3464, 3708, 3758, 3790], 'States': [589, 624, 878, 2624], 'assessing': [591, 1928], 'progress': [593, 1005, 1930, 2145, 3191, 3323, 3380, 3645, 3731], 'reducing': [595, 1516, 3647], 'use': [597, 1031, 1240, 1518, 1646, 1845, 1953, 1978, 2716, 2746, 3094, 3146, 3428, 3727, 4081], 'antimicrobials': [599, 642, 660, 666, 755, 1015, 1033, 1348, 1477, 1520, 1534, 1625, 1648, 1769, 1870, 2842, 3096, 3148, 3390, 3430, 3826, 4083, 4337], '(AMR)': [603, 2331], 'both': [605, 1074, 1268, 1662, 1947, 1996, 2558, 3030, 3823, 3830, 4085], 'animals.': [609, 1063, 1077, 1651, 1951, 3834, 4240], 'The': [610, 671, 928, 1136, 1274, 1304, 1391, 1418, 1444, 1689, 1801, 1901, 1952, 2002, 2200, 2220, 2633, 2662, 2690, 2752, 2786, 2822, 2852, 2899, 2935, 3206, 3257, 3301, 3334, 3609, 3634, 3675, 3699, 3716, 3749, 3760, 3782, 3810, 3843, 3861, 3926, 4037], 'proposed': [611, 633, 672, 740, 815, 1358, 1468, 1530, 1903, 1981, 2003, 2052, 2201, 3573, 3638, 3676, 3700, 3761], 'been': [614, 2204, 3615], 'selected': [615, 664, 1137, 1656, 2205], 'basis': [618, 2208, 2286, 3684], 'collected': [621, 976, 2186, 3545, 3688, 4187], 'at': [625, 793, 1488, 1766, 1881, 1920, 2103, 2215, 2226, 2480, 3591, 3689, 3789, 4134], 'time': [627, 2111, 2217, 3589], 'publication.': [629, 2219], 'For': [630, 713, 783, 1094, 1222, 1353, 1570], 'humans,': [631, 1051, 1054, 1225, 1356, 3240, 4117], 'are:': [638, 678, 747, 1547, 4226], 'total': [639, 1231, 1263, 1312, 1645, 3818], '(limited': [643], 'antibacterials': [645, 1237], 'systemic': [647, 1239], 'use),': [648], 'ratio': [649, 1280], 'community': [651, 1272, 2684], 'certain': [654, 3873, 3879], 'classes': [655, 772, 1772, 2268], 'broad-spectrum': [657, 665, 1284, 1347], 'narrow-spectrum': [659, 1296], 'used': [667, 1170, 1260, 1349, 1634, 2094, 3705, 3768, 3847], 'healthcare': [669, 1351, 2388], 'settings.': [670, 1352], 'AMR': [675, 743, 817, 1052, 1060, 1072, 1105, 1123, 1354, 1413, 1571, 1640, 1680, 1687, 1919, 1945, 1973, 1993, 2059, 2166, 2243, 2292, 2304, 2370, 2406, 2417, 2427, 2456, 2479, 2514, 2539, 2572, 2652, 2770, 2801, 2907, 2949, 3001, 3075, 3104, 3158, 3648, 3664, 4094, 4111, 4124, 4152, 4230, 4237, 4316, 4348, 4383], 'meticillin-resistant': [679, 1366], 'Staphylococcus': [680, 1367], 'aureus': [681, 1368], '3rd-generation': [683, 694, 1371, 1408, 2068], 'cephalosporin-resistant': [684, 1372], 'Escherichia': [685, 1373], 'coli,': [686, 758, 765], 'Klebsiella': [687, 1399], 'pneumoniae': [688, 697, 703, 709, 1400], 'resistant': [689, 698, 704, 710, 1764, 1826, 2066, 3019], 'aminoglycosides,': [691, 1405], 'fluoroquinolones': [692, 1291, 1406, 1561, 1847], 'cephalosporins,': [695, 731, 1286, 1320, 1409, 1553], 'Streptococcus': [696, 1429], 'penicillin': [700], 'S.': [702], 'macrolides,': [706], 'K.': [708, 1453], 'carbapenems.': [712], 'animals,': [715, 1019, 1466, 1574, 2172, 3092, 3139, 4098, 4114], 'include:': [720], 'overall': [721, 1178, 1473, 1507, 1679, 1911], 'veterinary': [724, 1476, 2526, 2563, 2841, 3035, 3101, 3153, 3460], 'antimicrobials,': [725, 1234, 2343], '3rd-': [728, 1317, 1550], '4th-generation': [730, 1319, 1552], 'quinolones': [734], 'polymyxins.': [738], 'Finally,': [739, 3037], 'susceptibility': [749], 'predefined': [752, 1775], 'panel': [753, 1623, 1776], 'E.': [757, 764, 774, 781, 1376, 1586, 1653, 1716, 1728, 1750, 1813, 2064], 'proportion': [759, 1310, 1364, 1397, 1424, 1450, 1583, 1695, 1747, 1810], 'samples': [761, 1697, 4172], 'containing': [762], 'ESBL-/AmpC-producing': [763, 1714], 'three': [768, 1768, 2582, 2618], 'or': [769, 844, 1116, 1209, 2035, 2169, 2250, 2256, 2782, 2889, 3485, 3527, 3859, 3875, 4034, 4118, 4176], 'coli': [775, 1374, 1587, 1654, 1717, 1751, 1814, 2065], 'ciprofloxacin': [779], 'coli.': [782, 1729], 'sectors,': [785, 3822], 'chosen': [787, 987, 1410, 2221, 3681, 4246], 'indicators,': [788, 818, 964, 1113, 1666, 1974, 3293], 'which': [789, 1455, 1536, 2966, 3315, 3344, 3737], 'should': [790, 850, 859, 939, 951, 968, 989, 999, 1898, 1908, 1924, 2005, 2072, 2081, 2223, 2280, 3262, 3278, 3285, 3306, 3339, 3375, 3438, 3476, 3512, 3537, 3579, 3659, 3696, 3752, 4288, 4297], 'reconsidered': [792, 2225], 'least': [794, 1767, 2227, 3592], 'every': [795, 2228], '5': [796, 2229, 3593], 'years,': [797], 'are': [798, 821, 1125, 1131, 1139, 1185, 1195, 1214, 1385, 1529, 1537, 1617, 1708, 1763, 1824, 2011, 2054, 2093, 2112, 2577, 3678, 3702, 3763, 3803, 3892, 3949, 3973, 4062, 4103, 4179, 4255, 4261, 4366], 'expected': [799, 1674], 'valid': [802], 'tools': [803], 'monitoring': [805, 1724, 1855, 2498, 2549, 2568, 2961, 2975, 2997, 3225, 3316, 3345], 'AMR.': [809, 927, 1093, 1155, 3201, 3333, 3361], 'With': [810, 1460], 'exception': [812], 'human': [816, 1998, 2058, 2524, 2561, 2590, 3033, 3099, 3151, 3458, 3530, 4332], 'general': [823, 1174], 'not': [824, 1159, 1215, 2013, 3553, 3710, 3764, 4051, 4129, 4206], 'suitable': [825, 1001, 1852, 2014, 3223, 3377], 'monitor': [827, 2016, 2459, 3016, 3643, 3663, 3729], 'effects': [829, 2018, 2503], 'targeted': [831, 2020, 2984], 'interventions': [832, 1514, 2021, 2505, 3029], 'specific': [835, 1192, 1723, 2024, 2270, 2298], 'sector,': [836, 2025], 'such': [837, 1871, 1895, 2026, 2040, 2130, 3854, 4048, 4284], 'single': [841, 1112, 2032, 2044, 2055, 2101, 2266], 'animal': [842, 845, 1524, 1614, 1702, 1757, 2000, 2033, 2036, 2138, 2986, 3255], 'species': [843, 1894, 2034, 2139], 'production': [846, 2037, 4169], 'sector.': [847, 1273, 1417, 1525, 2038], 'Management': [848], 'decisions': [849, 2071, 4287, 4333, 4353], 'never': [851, 2073, 4289], 'based': [853, 2075, 3076, 4291], 'these': [855, 2077, 3866, 4293, 4352], 'alone': [857, 2079, 4295], 'but': [858, 1203, 2080, 4260, 4296], 'take': [860, 991, 2082, 3442], 'into': [861, 960, 992, 1141, 2083, 2198, 3296, 3443, 3741], 'account': [862, 993, 2084, 2125, 3444, 3570], 'underlying': [864, 2086, 3920, 4027, 4300], 'analysis.': [868, 2090], 'Summary': [869], 'In': [870, 1861, 1970, 2039, 2360, 2486, 2528, 2565, 3108, 3628, 3934, 4055, 4150, 4212, 4283, 4344], 'order': [871, 1862, 2288, 3109, 3450, 3552, 3596], 'Union': [875, 2363], '(EU)': [876, 2364], '(MSs)': [879, 2625], 'efforts': [882, 3118], 'address': [884, 3120], '(AMR),': [887], 'requested': [891], 'Control': [899, 2603], '(ECDC),': [900, 2604], '(EFSA)': [906, 2610], '(EMA)': [912], 'establish': [915, 3168, 3307], '(AMC)': [925, 2576], 'further': [931, 2546, 2994, 3616, 4208], 'specified': [932], 'accompanied': [941], 'succinct': [944, 3268], 'rationale': [945, 3269], 'selection,': [948], 'limited': [953, 1235, 3287], 'maximum': [956, 3290, 3365], 'divided': [959, 1140, 3295], 'primary': [961, 1142, 1220, 1227, 1257, 1359, 1469, 1576, 1663, 1785, 3297, 3304, 3368, 4168], 'secondary': [963, 1144, 1276, 1306, 1393, 1420, 1446, 1527, 1665, 1691, 1742, 1805, 3299, 3337, 3372], 'they': [967, 1157, 1167, 2234, 2252, 3725, 3870, 4248, 4254, 4277], 'built,': [970], 'wherever': [971, 3540], 'possible,': [972], 'upon': [973, 3062, 3542], 'already': [975, 3544, 3687], 'through': [977, 2506, 2630, 2706, 2776, 3546], 'existing': [979], 'networks.': [981], 'According': [982], 'mandate,': [985, 4060], 'also': [990, 1196, 2991, 4262], "'One": [995, 2152, 2413, 3047, 3079, 3446], "Health'": [996, 2153, 2414, 3048, 3080, 3447], 'approach,': [997], 'estimate': [1003, 3379], 'made': [1006, 3192, 3324, 3381, 4144], 'towards': [1007, 3382], 'reduction': [1009, 3384, 3794], 'bacterial': [1011, 3386], 'key': [1014, 3132, 3236, 3389], 'well': [1021, 1843, 3418], 'improvements': [1023, 3420, 3455], 'appropriateness': [1026, 3143, 3423], 'need': [1028, 3425], 'MSs.': [1039, 3436, 3471, 3759, 3772], 'Four': [1040], 'main': [1041, 1069, 4219], 'sectors': [1042, 1907, 2149, 3102, 3154, 3461], 'were': [1043, 4223, 4245], 'identified': [1044, 1709], 'respective': [1047], 'agencies:': [1048], 'AMC': [1049, 1055, 1064, 1080, 1153, 1164, 1223, 1264, 1314, 1463, 1917, 1940, 2679, 3796, 4227, 4233, 4326], 'regarded': [1066], 'driver': [1070], 'Monitoring': [1078, 2791], 'therefore': [1082, 1850, 3209, 3902, 4043, 4205], 'an': [1083, 1342, 1438, 1457, 1910, 2353, 2971, 3954, 3976, 4019, 4071], 'important': [1084, 1439, 1533, 1869], 'indicator': [1085, 1228, 1258, 1277, 1307, 1343, 1360, 1394, 1421, 1447, 1470, 1578, 1585, 1631, 1692, 1715, 1727, 1743, 1749, 1806, 1812, 1841, 1853, 1893, 2806, 2980, 3473, 3509, 3992, 4012, 4020, 4041], 'relation': [1087, 1642, 3650], 'prevention': [1089], 'control': [1091], 'resistance,': [1095], 'different': [1096, 1771, 1906, 2148, 3549, 3852, 4007, 4251], 'types': [1097, 4381], 'reflect': [1101, 1149, 1412, 2236, 3871, 4250, 4328, 4349], 'state': [1103], 'within': [1106], 'MSs': [1107, 1926, 3064, 3115, 3181, 3329, 3560, 3721, 3779, 4165], 'can': [1108, 1168, 1632, 2253, 3726], 'designed': [1110, 1186], '(i.e.': [1111, 2057, 4334], 'summary': [1114, 1577], 'composite': [1117], 'indicators),': [1118], 'depending': [1119], 'how': [1121], 'summarised.': [1126], 'Their': [1127, 3283], 'advantages': [1128], 'disadvantages': [1130, 4376], 'discussed': [1132, 3617], 'indicators.': [1145, 2199, 3300, 3373], 'Primary': [1146], 'broadly': [1148], 'situation': [1151, 1179, 1915, 1994, 3912, 3941, 4033, 4095], 'concerning': [1152], 'Although': [1156], 'do': [1158], 'cover': [1160], 'aspects': [1162, 4276], 'AMR,': [1166, 2496, 2965, 3052, 3121, 3736, 3828], 'provide': [1172, 1188, 1909, 2463, 3720, 4065], 'assessment': [1175, 3352], 'each': [1181, 3274, 3714, 4258], 'MS.': [1182, 3715], 'Secondary': [1183], 'information': [1189, 1865, 1967, 2438, 3897, 3945, 3964, 4122, 4273], 'issues': [1193, 2244], 'considered': [1197, 1538, 1735, 3318, 4128], 'importance': [1199], 'public': [1201, 1388, 1738, 2307, 2657, 3655], 'health,': [1202, 2591], 'restricted': [1207], 'scope,': [1208], 'encompass': [1211], 'areas': [1212, 2588], 'fully': [1216, 1618, 1793], 'covered': [1217], 'indicator.': [1221, 3275], '(ATC': [1241], 'group': [1242], 'J01),': [1243], 'expressed': [1244, 1378, 1567], 'defined': [1246, 1626], 'daily': [1247], 'doses': [1248], '(DDD)': [1249], 'per': [1250, 1254, 1334, 1338, 1483, 2357, 2376, 4202], '1,000': [1251, 1335], 'inhabitants': [1252, 1336], 'day.': [1255], 'This': [1256, 1630, 1730, 1779, 1839], 'report': [1262, 2867, 2925], 'hospital': [1270, 1313, 1416, 2688, 3528], 'first': [1275, 1392, 1690, 2864], 'penicillins,': [1285, 1297], 'macrolides': [1287, 1873, 1888], '(except': [1288], 'erythromycin)': [1289], 'cephalosporins': [1298], 'erythromycin,': [1300], 'community.': [1303], 'second': [1305, 1419], 'glycopeptides,': [1316], 'monobactams,': [1321], 'carbapenems,': [1322], 'fluoroquinolones,': [1323], 'polymyxins,': [1324, 1565], 'piperacillin': [1325], 'enzyme': [1327], 'inhibitor,': [1328], 'linezolid,': [1329], 'tedizolid': [1330], 'daptomycin': [1332], '(DDD': [1333], 'day),': [1339], 'consists': [1361, 1744, 1807], '(MRSA)': [1369], '(3GCR': [1375], 'coli),': [1377], 'two': [1380, 1433, 4310], 'individual': [1381, 1434, 2104, 3470, 3778, 3977, 4264], 'numbers.': [1382], 'Both': [1383], 'pathogens': [1384], 'major': [1387, 4306], 'health': [1389, 1739, 2308, 2658], 'importance.': [1390], 'combined': [1402], 'penicillin-resistant': [1426], 'macrolide-resistant': [1428], 'pneumoniae,': [1430, 1454], 'given': [1431, 2180], 'numbers,': [1435], 'covers': [1437], 'cause': [1440], 'community-acquired': [1442], 'infections.': [1443], 'third': [1445, 1802], 'carbapenem-resistant': [1452], 'emerging': [1458], 'threat.': [1459], 'regard': [1461], 'milligram': [1479], 'active': [1481], 'ingredient': [1482], 'kilogram': [1484], 'estimated': [1486, 2354, 2368, 2380], 'weight': [1487], 'treatment': [1489], 'livestock': [1491, 1877, 4175], 'slaughtered': [1494], '(mg/population': [1496], 'correction': [1497], 'unit': [1498], '(PCU)).': [1499], 'It': [1500, 3773], 'represents': [1501], 'way': [1503], 'measure': [1505, 2448, 3599], 'effect': [1508], 'actions': [1510, 2476, 3743], 'taken': [1511, 2118, 2453, 4077, 4163, 4173], 'policy': [1513, 3028, 4183], 'Three': [1526], 'critically': [1532], '(CIAs),': [1535], 'being': [1540], 'most': [1541, 2241, 4158], 'relevant': [1542, 2043, 2260, 3230, 4181], 'closer': [1544], 'follow-up.': [1545], 'These': [1546, 2617, 3276, 4225, 4241], 'quinolones,': [1556], 'specifying': [1557], 'percentage': [1559, 1791], 'mg/PCU.': [1569], 'represented': [1580], 'isolates': [1588, 1752, 1795, 1815], 'broilers,': [1590], 'fattening': [1591, 1593], 'turkeys,': [1592], 'pigs': [1594], 'calves': [1596], '(collected': [1597], 'framework': [1600, 1720], 'Decision': [1602], '2013/652/EU),': [1603], 'weighted': [1604, 1704, 1759, 1820], 'size': [1607], '(expressed': [1608], 'PCU)': [1610], 'four': [1613, 1701, 1756, 1818, 4218, 4270], 'populations,': [1615], 'susceptible': [1619, 1794], 'entire': [1622], 'Decision.': [1629], 'assess': [1636, 3321], 'development': [1638, 2441, 2471], 'Indicator': [1652], 'reporting': [1659, 2628, 3506, 3534], 'organism,': [1660], 'instead': [1667], 'zoonotic': [1669, 2803, 2977], 'organisms,': [1670], 'since': [1671], 'it': [1672, 2366, 3630, 3982, 3998], 'better': [1676, 2955], 'represent': [1677], 'situation,': [1681, 3917], 'including': [1682, 3083, 3122], 'due': [1684], 'plasmid-mediated': [1686], 'genes.': [1688], 'above': [1700, 3610], 'species,': [1703, 1758, 1819, 1878], 'PCU,': [1706, 1761, 1822], 'positive': [1711], 'presumptive': [1713], 'ESBL-/AmpC-/carbapenemase-producing': [1726], 'type': [1731], 'high': [1737], 'relevance.': [1740], 'Another': [1741], 'same': [1755, 3755], 'antimicrobials.': [1778], 'particularly': [1781], 'useful,': [1782], 'complementing': [1783], 'indicator,': [1786, 3978], 'situations': [1788, 3900], 'where': [1789, 3491, 3519], 'very': [1797, 1991], 'low': [1798], 'zero.': [1800], 'final': [1804], 'microbiologically': [1825], 'ciprofloxacin,': [1828], 'fluoroquinolone': [1830], 'included': [1831, 4207], 'highest': [1836], 'priority': [1837, 2420], 'CIAs.': [1838], 'last': [1840], 'correlates': [1842], 'reduced': [1859, 4108], 'application.': [1860], 'obtain': [1864], 'bacteria': [1875, 2336, 2655, 2772, 2807, 2883, 2981, 3666, 3802, 4112], 'level': [1884, 3791, 4136], 'Campylobacter': [1890], 'spp.': [1891], 'enterococci': [1897], 'collected.': [1900], 'indication': [1912], 'regarding': [1916], 'national': [1921, 2482, 3071, 3357, 3746], 'level,': [1922, 2106, 3691], 'effectiveness': [1933, 2098, 2296, 3026], 'measures': [1936, 2299, 2452, 2544, 4076, 4162], 'implemented': [1937], 'reduce': [1939, 2455, 3087, 3129, 4079], 'occurrence': [1943, 2164, 2650, 2768, 2878], 'summarise': [1957], 'large': [1958], 'sets': [1960], 'inevitably': [1961], 'leads': [1962], 'loss': [1965, 2189, 2391], 'detail.': [1969], 'particular,': [1971, 3629], 'analysis': [1976, 2870, 3921, 3956, 4024], 'may': [1983, 3922, 3999, 4195], 'lead': [1984], 'simplified': [1987], 'representation': [1988], 'complex': [1992, 3899, 3940], 'sectors.': [2001, 2527, 2564, 3036], 'interpreted': [2007, 4280], 'caution': [2009], 'often': [2012], 'example': [2029], 'cases,': [2041, 4285], 'analysed.': [2048], 'Apart': [2049], 'when': [2051, 4192], 'MRSA': [2062], 'cephalosporins),': [2069], 'management': [2070, 4286], 'When': [2091, 4266], 'evaluate': [2096, 2232, 2294], 'any': [2100], 'intervention': [2102], 'MS': [2105, 4135], 'therefore,': [2108], 'comparisons': [2109], 'made,': [2113], 'care': [2114, 2719, 2735, 2750], 'has': [2115, 2922], 'appropriate': [2120, 2473], 'statistical': [2121], 'techniques': [2122], 'applied': [2123], 'possible': [2127, 3492, 3520, 3541, 3785, 4380], 'confounding': [2128, 4193], 'effects,': [2129], 'changes': [2132, 2158, 3876, 3886, 3914, 4013, 4030], 'relative': [2135], 'distribution': [2136], 'over': [2140, 2373, 2383], 'time.': [2141], 'Comparison': [2142], 'perspective,': [2154], 'e.g.': [2155], 'comparing': [2156], 'needs': [2173], 'carried': [2176], 'out': [2177], 'caution,': [2179], 'differences': [2182], 'detail': [2191], 'resulting': [2192], 'combination': [2195], 'evidence': [2213], 'available': [2214], 'years': [2230], 'whether': [2233, 4075], 'still': [2235], 'available,': [2239], 'urgent': [2242], 'latest': [2247], 'methodologies,': [2249, 3011], 'if': [2251, 4006], 'supplemented': [2255], 'replaced': [2257], 'ones.': [2261], 'Data': [2262], 'bacteria,': [2271, 2446, 3480], 'annual': [2278], 'reports,': [2279], 'monitored': [2282], 'continuous': [2285], 'follow': [2290], 'current': [2291], 'issues,': [2293], 'identify': [2301], 'newly': [2302], 'arising': [2303], 'threats': [2305, 2537, 2947], 'early': [2310], 'possible.': [2312], '1': [2313], 'Introduction': [2314], '1.1': [2315], 'Background': [2316, 2328], 'Reference': [2320, 3205, 3608], '1.1.1': [2327], 'Antimicrobial': [2329, 2635, 2666, 2827, 2892, 3402], '–': [2332, 2348], 'process': [2334, 3936], 'whereby': [2335], 'evolve': [2337], 'resist': [2339], 'action': [2341, 3072, 3198, 3330, 3358, 3747], 'thus': [2344], 'making': [2345, 4184], 'them': [2346], 'ineffective': [2347], 'increasing': [2350], 'worldwide,': [2351], '700,000': [2355], 'deaths': [2356, 2375], 'year': [2358, 2377], 'globally.': [2359], 'alone,': [2365], 'accounts': [2371], '25,000': [2374], 'incur': [2382], '1.5': [2384], 'billion': [2385], 'euros': [2386], 'costs': [2389], 'productivity': [2393], 'yearly.': [2394], 'As': [2395], 'global,': [2397], 'economic': [2398], 'societal': [2400], 'challenge,': [2401], 'tackling': [2402], 'emergence': [2404], 'requires': [2407], 'adoption': [2409], 'multisectorial': [2412], 'approach.': [2415], 'Combating': [2416], 'Commission.': [2424, 3627], 'Surveillance': [2425, 2637, 2664, 2693, 2824], 'essential': [2432, 3319], 'comprehensive': [2435, 4133], 'reliable': [2437], 'spread': [2443], 'drug-resistant': [2445, 3133, 3237], 'impact': [2450], 'progress.': [2460], 'Such': [2461], 'insights': [2464], 'inform': [2466], 'decision-making': [2467], 'facilitate': [2469, 4070], 'strategies': [2474], 'manage': [2478], 'European,': [2481], 'regional': [2484], 'levels.': [2485], '2001': [2487], 'launched': [2491], 'Community': [2493], 'strategy': [2494], 'against': [2495, 2534, 2944, 3074, 3200, 3332, 3360, 3735], 'proposing': [2497], 'evolution': [2500], 'establishment/strengthening': [2508], 'accurate': [2510], 'systems': [2512], 'agents': [2521, 2876], '2011,': [2529], '5-year': [2531, 2941], 'Action': [2532, 2942], 'Plan': [2533, 2943], 'rising': [2536, 2946], 'introduced': [2540], 'set': [2542], 'strengthen': [2547, 3350], 'surveillance,': [2548], 'collection,': [2552], 'improving': [2553], 'scope': [2555, 3806], 'coverage': [2557], 'EU,': [2567], 'currently': [2578], 'coordinated': [2579, 2640, 2670, 2696, 2759, 2793, 2830], 'agencies': [2584, 2619], 'operating': [2585], 'food': [2592, 2813, 3244, 4099, 4115, 4126, 4156, 4201], 'safety': [2593], 'pharmaceuticals:': [2595], '(EMA).': [2616], 'collect': [2620], 'other': [2627, 4259, 4361], 'countries': [2629], 'diverse': [2631], 'networks:': [2632], 'Resistance': [2636, 2895, 4199], 'Network': [2638, 2668, 2694, 2757, 2788], '(EARS-Net),': [2639], 'collects': [2643, 2673, 2699, 2762, 2796, 2833], 'analyses': [2645, 2675, 2701, 2764, 2798, 2835], 'pathogenic': [2654], 'relevance': [2659], 'humans;': [2661, 4229, 4232], 'Consumption': [2667, 2828, 2893], '(ESAC-Net),': [2669], 'sector;': [2689], 'Healthcare-Associated': [2691], 'Infections': [2692], '(HAI-Net),': [2695], 'HAI': [2705, 2713, 2732, 2743], 'point': [2709], 'prevalence': [2710, 2740], 'survey': [2711], 'acute': [2718], 'hospitals,': [2720], 'surgical': [2725], 'site': [2726], 'infections,': [2727], 'intensive': [2734], 'units': [2736], 'repeated': [2739], 'surveys': [2741], 'long-term': [2749], 'facilities;': [2751], 'Food-and-Waterborne': [2753], 'Diseases': [2754], 'Zoonoses': [2756], '(FWD-Net),': [2758], 'acquired': [2773], 'food,': [2780, 2809], 'water': [2781], 'contact': [2783], 'animals;': [2785, 4236], 'Zoonosis': [2790], 'Data,': [2792], 'EFSA,': [2795, 3622], 'commensal': [2805, 2979], 'derived': [2814, 3245], 'thereof': [2815, 3246, 4100], 'accordance': [2817, 3396], 'legislation;': [2821], '(ESVAC),': [2829], 'EMA,': [2832, 4148], 'across': [2843], 'Economic': [2848], 'Area': [2849], '(EEA)': [2850], 'countries.': [2851], 'collaboration': [2853], 'between': [2854, 3771, 3953, 4308], 'resulted': [2859], '2015': [2861], 'joint': [2865, 2917], 'interagency': [2866], 'integrated': [2869], 'Interagency': [2891], 'Analysis': 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3157], 'adopted': [3053], '17': [3058], 'June': [3059], '2016,': [3060], 'call': [3061], 'place': [3068], 'before': [3069], 'mid-2017': [3070], 'plans': [3073, 3199, 3331, 3359], 'measurable': [3084, 3126], 'goals': [3085, 3127], 'domains.': [3107], 'establishment': [3124], 'infection': [3130], 'microorganisms': [3134, 3238], 'improve': [3141, 4092], 'domains,': [3161], 'would': [3165, 3176, 3640], 'like': [3166], 'assess,': [3183], 'clear': [3186], 'simple': [3188, 3893, 4067], 'way,': [3189], 'implementation': [3195, 3327], '1.1.2': [3202], 'requests': [3210], 'propose': [3217], 'detecting': [3227, 4004], 'reductions': [3228], 'magnitude': [3231], 'levels': [3234], 'together': [3265], 'election': [3272], 'behind': [3273], 'meet': [3279], 'requirements:': [3282], 'number': [3284, 3811, 3819], '15': [3292, 3813], 'ideally': [3294, 3477, 3513], 'bare': [3309], 'minimum,': [3310], 'i.e.': [3311, 4107], 'consist': [3340], 'highly': [3347], 'recommended': [3348, 3500], 'performance': 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'administrative': [3557], 'burden': [3558], 'preferably': [3562], 'line': [3564], 'international': [3566], 'standards': [3567], 'taking': [3568], 'WHO': [3575], 'OIE.': [3577], 'remain': [3580], 'pertinent': [3581], 'comparable': [3583], 'sufficient': [3586], 'period': [3587], '(e.g.': [3590], 'years)': [3594], 'reliably': [3598], 'temporal': [3600], 'trends.': [3601], '1.2': [3602], 'Interpretation': [3603], 'terms': [3611], 'reference': [3613], 'clarified': [3619, 3632], 'was': [3631], 'that:': [3633], 'aim': [3635, 3717], 'its': [3652], 'implications': [3653], 'health.': [3656], 'Therefore,': [3657, 4171, 4363], 'developed': [3661], 'could': [3668, 3738], 'contribute': [3669], 'concerns': [3672], 'humans.': [3674], 'so': [3692], 'no': [3693], 'new': [3694, 3742], 'designed.': [3698], 'MSs,': [3709], 'specifically': [3711], 'tailored': [3712], 'tool': [3724, 3776], 'fight': [3734], 'translated': [3740], 'plan.': [3748], 'intended': [3765], 'benchmarking': [3770], 'use.': [3781], 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