Title: Phylogeography, phylodynamics and the recent outbreak of lineage 3 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in China
Abstract: Transboundary and Emerging DiseasesVolume 66, Issue 5 p. 2152-2162 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Phylogeography, phylodynamics and the recent outbreak of lineage 3 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in China Yan-Kuo Sun, Yan-Kuo Sun orcid.org/0000-0001-6283-4172 College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorXiao-Liang Han, Xiao-Liang Han College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorYing-Fang Wei, Ying-Fang Wei College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorZhi-Qing Yu, Zhi-Qing Yu College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorChi-Hai Ji, Chi-Hai Ji College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorQi Li, Qi Li College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorGang Lu, Gang Lu orcid.org/0000-0002-4969-1768 College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorLiang Shen, Liang Shen College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorChun-Quan Ma, Corresponding Author Chun-Quan Ma [email protected] Department of Animal Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China Correspondence Heng Wang and Gui-hong Zhang, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Emails: [email protected] (HW), [email protected] (GZ) Chun-Quan Ma, Department of Animal Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China. Email: [email protected] for more papers by this authorHeng Wang, Corresponding Author Heng Wang [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0001-8471-6337 College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China Correspondence Heng Wang and Gui-hong Zhang, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Emails: [email protected] (HW), [email protected] (GZ) Chun-Quan Ma, Department of Animal Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China. Email: [email protected] for more papers by this authorGui-Hong Zhang, Corresponding Author Gui-Hong Zhang [email protected] College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China Correspondence Heng Wang and Gui-hong Zhang, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Emails: [email protected] (HW), [email protected] (GZ) Chun-Quan Ma, Department of Animal Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China. Email: [email protected] for more papers by this author Yan-Kuo Sun, Yan-Kuo Sun orcid.org/0000-0001-6283-4172 College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorXiao-Liang Han, Xiao-Liang Han College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorYing-Fang Wei, Ying-Fang Wei College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorZhi-Qing Yu, Zhi-Qing Yu College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorChi-Hai Ji, Chi-Hai Ji College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorQi Li, Qi Li College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorGang Lu, Gang Lu orcid.org/0000-0002-4969-1768 College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorLiang Shen, Liang Shen College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorChun-Quan Ma, Corresponding Author Chun-Quan Ma [email protected] Department of Animal Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China Correspondence Heng Wang and Gui-hong Zhang, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Emails: [email protected] (HW), [email protected] (GZ) Chun-Quan Ma, Department of Animal Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China. Email: [email protected] for more papers by this authorHeng Wang, Corresponding Author Heng Wang [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0001-8471-6337 College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China Correspondence Heng Wang and Gui-hong Zhang, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Emails: [email protected] (HW), [email protected] (GZ) Chun-Quan Ma, Department of Animal Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China. Email: [email protected] for more papers by this authorGui-Hong Zhang, Corresponding Author Gui-Hong Zhang [email protected] College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China Correspondence Heng Wang and Gui-hong Zhang, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China. Emails: [email protected] (HW), [email protected] (GZ) Chun-Quan Ma, Department of Animal Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong Province, China. Email: [email protected] for more papers by this author First published: 17 June 2019 https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13269Citations: 15 Yan-Kuo Sun, Xiao-Liang Han and Ying-Fang Wei, Wei contributed equally to the study Funding information This project was supported by the National Key R&D Program (No. 2016YFD0500707), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31272564) and The Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (Grant number CARS-35). Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Novel highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) have attracted increasing attention owing to their continual high emergence and recent re-emergence. Recently, lineage 3 PRRSVs, belonging to the type 2 viruses, with novel characteristics and increased virulence have been continuously re-emerging in China, thereby posing a great threat to pig farming. However, available information about lineage 3 is limited. Here, we carried out molecular epidemiological investigations for PRRSV surveillance in most regions of China from 2007 to 2017. More than 3,000 samples were obtained, amounting to 73 sequences of lineage 3 viruses. The origin, demographic history and spread pattern of lineage 3 PRRSVs were investigated combining with the database globally. Phylogeography and phylodynamic analyses within a Bayesian statistical framework revealed that lineage 3 viruses originated in Taiwan. Followed by subsequent propagation to different areas and geography, it dichotomized into two endemic clusters. South China has become an epicentre for these viruses, which diffused into China's interiors in recent years. Furthermore, viral dispersal route analysis revealed the risk of viral diffusion. Overall, the origin, epidemic history and geographical evolution of lineage 3 PRRSVs were comprehensively analysed in this study. In particular, the epicentre of southern China and the diffusion routines of the viruses are highlighted in this study, and the possible continuous transmission of the novel lineages poses the biggest threat to pig farmers. CONFLICT OF INTERESTS The authors declare no conflict of interest. Citing Literature Supporting Information Filename Description tbed13269-sup-0001-Supinfo.zipZip archive, 340.5 KB Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Volume66, Issue5September 2019Pages 2152-2162 RelatedInformation