Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2947665801', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00558', 'title': 'The Concept of Drug-Resistant Epileptogenic Zone', 'display_name': 'The Concept of Drug-Resistant Epileptogenic Zone', 'publication_year': 2019, 'publication_date': '2019-05-31', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2947665801', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00558', 'mag': '2947665801', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31214106', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6555267'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00558', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2019.00558/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S96975567', 'display_name': 'Frontiers in Neurology', 'issn_l': '1664-2295', 'issn': ['1664-2295'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320527', 'host_organization_name': 'Frontiers Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320527'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Frontiers Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'doaj', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2019.00558/pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101818888', 'display_name': 'Chunbo Zhang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9618-9415'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141649914', 'display_name': 'Nanchang University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/042v6xz23', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141649914']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Chunbo Zhang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I141649914']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5067443324', 'display_name': 'Patrick Kwan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7310-276X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I56590836', 'display_name': 'Monash University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02bfwt286', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I56590836']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1320473756', 'display_name': 'The Royal Melbourne Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/005bvs909', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1320473756', 'https://openalex.org/I4210158168']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165779595', 'display_name': 'University of Melbourne', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01ej9dk98', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165779595']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Patrick Kwan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Neuroscience, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia', 'Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Neuroscience, Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I56590836']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1320473756', 'https://openalex.org/I165779595']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5101818888', 'https://openalex.org/A5067443324'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I141649914', 'https://openalex.org/I56590836', 'https://openalex.org/I1320473756', 'https://openalex.org/I165779595'], 'apc_list': {'value': 2950, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2950, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 2950, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2950, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 2.014, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 18, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999924, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 90, 'max': 91}, 'biblio': {'volume': '10', 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10094', 'display_name': 'Epilepsy research and treatment', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2738', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry and Mental health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10094', 'display_name': 'Epilepsy research and treatment', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2738', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry and Mental health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12229', 'display_name': 'Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2735', 'display_name': 'Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10077', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research', 'score': 0.9987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2804', 'display_name': 'Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-resistant-epilepsy', 'display_name': 'Drug Resistant Epilepsy', 'score': 0.79335356}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778186239', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41571', 'display_name': 'Epilepsy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.854118}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780803581', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1347108', 'display_name': 'Epilepsy surgery', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.81492543}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2910833928', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18975053', 'display_name': 'Drug Resistant Epilepsy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.79335356}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.56450975}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780035454', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386', 'display_name': 'Drug', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4914788}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141071460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821', 'display_name': 'Surgery', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33103907}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14713141}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118552586', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12274182}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 6, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00558', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2019.00558/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S96975567', 'display_name': 'Frontiers in Neurology', 'issn_l': '1664-2295', 'issn': ['1664-2295'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320527', 'host_organization_name': 'Frontiers Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320527'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Frontiers Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/401c0e64809b494cb804ebf62477ee64', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc6555267', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc6555267?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://research.monash.edu/en/publications/9d29a721-0eb7-4ad9-a80a-2f7d8938a0bd', 'pdf_url': 'https://research.monash.edu/files/280983204/280977464_oa.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402625', 'display_name': 'Monash University Research Portal (Monash University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I56590836', 'host_organization_name': 'Monash University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I56590836'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Monash University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6555267', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31214106', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00558', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2019.00558/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S96975567', 'display_name': 'Frontiers in Neurology', 'issn_l': '1664-2295', 'issn': ['1664-2295'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320527', 'host_organization_name': 'Frontiers Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320527'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Frontiers Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.69, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320321001', 'funder_display_name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'award_id': '81501129'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320321001', 'funder_display_name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'award_id': '31771400'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320321001', 'funder_display_name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'award_id': '81728006'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320321001', 'funder_display_name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'award_id': '81860662'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320322665', 'funder_display_name': 'Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province', 'award_id': '20171ACB21001'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320322665', 'funder_display_name': 'Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province', 'award_id': '20171BCB23029'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 79, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1271080090', 'https://openalex.org/W1517813799', 'https://openalex.org/W1529958036', 'https://openalex.org/W1530526555', 'https://openalex.org/W1553145875', 'https://openalex.org/W1577858425', 'https://openalex.org/W1647365560', 'https://openalex.org/W1760408175', 'https://openalex.org/W1854854790', 'https://openalex.org/W1934102085', 'https://openalex.org/W1964279856', 'https://openalex.org/W1976992387', 'https://openalex.org/W1984678266', 'https://openalex.org/W1985025776', 'https://openalex.org/W1989917265', 'https://openalex.org/W1991368424', 'https://openalex.org/W1996777847', 'https://openalex.org/W2003840062', 'https://openalex.org/W2013841019', 'https://openalex.org/W2015818421', 'https://openalex.org/W2017455791', 'https://openalex.org/W2018147893', 'https://openalex.org/W2018536252', 'https://openalex.org/W2025806411', 'https://openalex.org/W2031483215', 'https://openalex.org/W2032763785', 'https://openalex.org/W2033148252', 'https://openalex.org/W2036911758', 'https://openalex.org/W2037608619', 'https://openalex.org/W2040626717', 'https://openalex.org/W2041207946', 'https://openalex.org/W2043554971', 'https://openalex.org/W2047184730', 'https://openalex.org/W2048605757', 'https://openalex.org/W2050919987', 'https://openalex.org/W2054248744', 'https://openalex.org/W2054702877', 'https://openalex.org/W2055948888', 'https://openalex.org/W2056072423', 'https://openalex.org/W2056108971', 'https://openalex.org/W2060116265', 'https://openalex.org/W2060756531', 'https://openalex.org/W2061928059', 'https://openalex.org/W2071928207', 'https://openalex.org/W2072305765', 'https://openalex.org/W2076446456', 'https://openalex.org/W2079514156', 'https://openalex.org/W2087263274', 'https://openalex.org/W2114527356', 'https://openalex.org/W2121709831', 'https://openalex.org/W2122755930', 'https://openalex.org/W2126829625', 'https://openalex.org/W2130943822', 'https://openalex.org/W2133776757', 'https://openalex.org/W2134828951', 'https://openalex.org/W2139154816', 'https://openalex.org/W2158075027', 'https://openalex.org/W2162763324', 'https://openalex.org/W2164408902', 'https://openalex.org/W2170399313', 'https://openalex.org/W2170609488', 'https://openalex.org/W2317495993', 'https://openalex.org/W2317879392', 'https://openalex.org/W2409829112', 'https://openalex.org/W2431172307', 'https://openalex.org/W2460220103', 'https://openalex.org/W2501856495', 'https://openalex.org/W2598441763', 'https://openalex.org/W2726666234', 'https://openalex.org/W2749134172', 'https://openalex.org/W2761513904', 'https://openalex.org/W2765511579', 'https://openalex.org/W2765569739', 'https://openalex.org/W2777270043', 'https://openalex.org/W2787926624', 'https://openalex.org/W2808922778', 'https://openalex.org/W4249110911', 'https://openalex.org/W4300193104', 'https://openalex.org/W4393219574'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4361226145', 'https://openalex.org/W4324330064', 'https://openalex.org/W2621068020', 'https://openalex.org/W2178199374', 'https://openalex.org/W2171270716', 'https://openalex.org/W2105669039', 'https://openalex.org/W2097377975', 'https://openalex.org/W2086998976', 'https://openalex.org/W2047552691', 'https://openalex.org/W2040524797'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Resective': [0], 'surgery': [1, 90], 'is': [2, 37, 127, 131, 152], 'the': [3, 31, 63, 89, 93, 101, 105, 113, 140, 165, 169, 172, 179, 190, 203], 'most': [4, 77], 'effective': [5], 'way': [6], 'to': [7, 29, 72, 97, 156, 177, 185, 209], 'treat': [8], 'drug-resistant': [9, 96, 133, 149, 158, 206], 'epilepsy.': [10], 'Despite': [11], 'extensive': [12], 'pre-surgical': [13], 'evaluation,': [14], 'only': [15], '30-70%': [16], 'patients': [17, 56, 67], 'would': [18, 163], 'become': [19], 'seizure-free': [20], 'after': [21, 57], 'surgery.': [22, 35], 'New': [23], 'approaches': [24], 'and': [25, 144, 148, 154, 160], 'strategies': [26], 'are': [27], 'needed': [28], 'improve': [30], 'outcome': [32], 'of': [33, 55, 69, 116, 174, 205], 'epilepsy': [34, 94, 117, 166], 'It': [36], 'commonly': [38], 'observed': [39], 'in': [40, 51, 76], 'clinical': [41], 'practice': [42], 'that': [43, 88, 100, 129], 'antiepileptic': [44], 'drugs': [45], '(AEDs)': [46], 'could': [47], 'maintain': [48], 'seizure': [49, 73], 'freedom': [50], 'a': [52, 132], 'large': [53], 'proportion': [54], 'surgery,': [58], 'who': [59], 'were': [60], 'uncontrolled': [61], 'before': [62], 'operation.': [64], 'In': [65], 'some': [66], 'cessation': [68], 'AEDs': [70], 'leads': [71], 'recurrence': [74], 'which,': [75], 'cases,': [78], 'can': [79, 199], 'be': [80, 183, 194], 'controlled': [81], 'by': [82], 'resuming': [83], 'AEDs.': [84], 'These': [85], 'observations': [86], 'suggest': [87], 'has': [91, 103, 145], 'converted': [92], 'from': [95], 'drug-responsive,': [98], 'implying': [99], 'operation': [102], 'removed': [104], 'brain': [106], 'tissue': [107], 'accounting': [108], 'for': [109], 'pharmacoresistance,': [110], 'rather': [111], 'than': [112], 'pathological': [114], 'substrate': [115], '(at': [118], 'least': [119], 'not': [120], 'completely).': [121], 'Based': [122], 'on': [123], 'these': [124], 'observations,': [125], 'it': [126], 'hypothesized': [128], 'there': [130], 'epileptogenic': [134, 141, 147, 191], 'zone': [135, 142, 192], '(DREZ)': [136], 'which': [137, 181], 'overlaps': [138], 'with': [139], '(EZ),': [143], 'both': [146], 'properties.': [150], 'DREZ': [151], 'necessary': [153], 'sufficient': [155], 'cause': [157], 'epilepsy,': [159, 207], 'its': [161], 'remove': [162], 'render': [164], 'drug-responsive.': [167], 'Testing': [168], 'hypothesis': [170], 'requires': [171], 'development': [173], 'new': [175, 210], 'methods': [176], 'define': [178], 'DREZ,': [180], 'may': [182], 'used': [184], 'guide': [186], 'surgical': [187], 'planning': [188], 'when': [189], 'cannot': [193], 'completely': [195], 'excised.': [196], 'This': [197], 'concept': [198], 'also': [200], 'help': [201], 'understand': [202], 'mechanisms': [204], 'leading': [208], 'therapeutic': [211], 'strategies.': [212]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2947665801', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-23T14:53:51.104403', 'created_date': '2019-06-07'}