Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2947116544', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.151', 'title': 'Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils by biochar: Mechanisms, potential risks and applications in China', 'display_name': 'Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils by biochar: Mechanisms, potential risks and applications in China', 'publication_year': 2019, 'publication_date': '2019-09-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2947116544', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.151', 'mag': '2947116544', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31202137'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.151', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S201530359', 'display_name': 'Environmental Pollution', 'issn_l': '0269-7491', 'issn': ['0269-7491', '1873-6424'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5060354520', 'display_name': 'Linli He', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9297-4379'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I76130692', 'display_name': 'Zhejiang University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00a2xv884', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I76130692']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Lizhi He', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China', 'Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I76130692']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I76130692']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5069176491', 'display_name': 'Huan Zhong', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5100-9465'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210090489', 'display_name': 'State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00073tb80', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I116953780', 'https://openalex.org/I4210090489', 'https://openalex.org/I881766915']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I881766915', 'display_name': 'Nanjing University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01rxvg760', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I881766915']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Huan Zhong', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210090489', 'https://openalex.org/I881766915']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5037897064', 'display_name': 'Guangxia Liu', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210090489', 'display_name': 'State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00073tb80', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I116953780', 'https://openalex.org/I4210090489', 'https://openalex.org/I881766915']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I881766915', 'display_name': 'Nanjing University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01rxvg760', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I881766915']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Guangxia Liu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210090489', 'https://openalex.org/I881766915']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101715227', 'display_name': 'Zhongmin Dai', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1119-7369'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I76130692', 'display_name': 'Zhejiang University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00a2xv884', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I76130692']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Zhongmin Dai', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China', 'Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I76130692']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I76130692']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5061641123', 'display_name': 'Philip C. Brookes', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9543-794X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I76130692', 'display_name': 'Zhejiang University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00a2xv884', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I76130692']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Philip C. Brookes', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China', 'Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I76130692']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I76130692']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5068464260', 'display_name': 'Jianming Xu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2954-9764'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I76130692', 'display_name': 'Zhejiang University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00a2xv884', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I76130692']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Jianming Xu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China', 'Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I76130692']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I76130692']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5068464260'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I76130692'], 'apc_list': {'value': 3770, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3770, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 3.774, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 482, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.994118, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '252', 'issue': None, 'first_page': '846', 'last_page': '855'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10139', 'display_name': 'Environmental Impact of Heavy Metal Contamination', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2310', 'display_name': 'Pollution'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10139', 'display_name': 'Environmental Impact of Heavy Metal Contamination', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2310', 'display_name': 'Pollution'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11852', 'display_name': 'Applications of Clay Nanotubes in Various Fields', 'score': 0.9933, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2502', 'display_name': 'Biomaterials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12157', 'display_name': 'Machine Learning for Mineral Prospectivity Mapping', 'score': 0.9863, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-remediation', 'display_name': 'Soil remediation', 'score': 0.7099375}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/amendment', 'display_name': 'Amendment', 'score': 0.54618055}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/remediation', 'display_name': 'Remediation', 'score': 0.467165}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-pollutants', 'display_name': 'Soil Pollutants', 'score': 0.42560315}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C56085101', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905495', 'display_name': 'Biochar', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9954914}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C522964758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2019586', 'display_name': 'Environmental remediation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9369091}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2992654154', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2019586', 'display_name': 'Soil remediation', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.7099375}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159750122', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023', 'display_name': 'Soil water', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.687767}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.68471324}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107872376', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355', 'display_name': 'Environmental chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5787186}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C65580899', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212734', 'display_name': 'Soil contamination', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5540591}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779184190', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1269627', 'display_name': 'Amendment', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.54618055}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2909722689', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212734', 'display_name': 'Soil Pollutants', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.42560315}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C112570922', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603', 'display_name': 'Contamination', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.36453584}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C548081761', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388', 'display_name': 'Waste management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2911214}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.28046817}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159390177', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265', 'display_name': 'Soil science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.18456605}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12651399}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.080679774}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C36759035', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848', 'display_name': 'Pyrolysis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.057686478}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D002606', 'descriptor_name': 'Charcoal', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004787', 'descriptor_name': 'Environmental Pollution', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D052918', 'descriptor_name': 'Environmental Restoration and Remediation', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019216', 'descriptor_name': 'Metals, Heavy', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012989', 'descriptor_name': 'Soil Pollutants', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001682', 'descriptor_name': 'Biological Availability', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002606', 'descriptor_name': 'Charcoal', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002681', 'descriptor_name': 'China', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004787', 'descriptor_name': 'Environmental Pollution', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D052918', 'descriptor_name': 'Environmental Restoration and Remediation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019216', 'descriptor_name': 'Metals, Heavy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010944', 'descriptor_name': 'Plants', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012987', 'descriptor_name': 'Soil', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012987', 'descriptor_name': 'Soil', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012989', 'descriptor_name': 'Soil Pollutants', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.05.151', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S201530359', 'display_name': 'Environmental Pollution', 'issn_l': '0269-7491', 'issn': ['0269-7491', '1873-6424'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31202137', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Life on land', 'score': 0.62, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15'}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320321001', 'funder_display_name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'award_id': '41721001'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320321001', 'funder_display_name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'award_id': '41520104001'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320326266', 'funder_display_name': 'Agriculture Research System of China', 'award_id': 'CARS-01-30'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320335777', 'funder_display_name': 'National Key Research and Development Program of China', 'award_id': '2018YFC1800500'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 147, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1190032835', 'https://openalex.org/W1433801801', 'https://openalex.org/W1845405934', 'https://openalex.org/W1932314748', 'https://openalex.org/W1966907291', 'https://openalex.org/W1967042393', 'https://openalex.org/W1968051693', 'https://openalex.org/W1968301452', 'https://openalex.org/W1968802679', 'https://openalex.org/W1969660205', 'https://openalex.org/W1970459620', 'https://openalex.org/W1972866739', 'https://openalex.org/W1974285157', 'https://openalex.org/W1978791123', 'https://openalex.org/W1981644282', 'https://openalex.org/W1990074197', 'https://openalex.org/W1990190116', 'https://openalex.org/W1993490372', 'https://openalex.org/W1996910820', 'https://openalex.org/W1997040288', 'https://openalex.org/W1997051692', 'https://openalex.org/W1999185871', 'https://openalex.org/W2001635085', 'https://openalex.org/W2009185073', 'https://openalex.org/W2009501420', 'https://openalex.org/W2009664952', 'https://openalex.org/W2010120136', 'https://openalex.org/W2010369446', 'https://openalex.org/W2015093801', 'https://openalex.org/W2016542909', 'https://openalex.org/W2021081784', 'https://openalex.org/W2024060772', 'https://openalex.org/W2026338902', 'https://openalex.org/W2026716966', 'https://openalex.org/W2029665813', 'https://openalex.org/W2031189848', 'https://openalex.org/W2036163101', 'https://openalex.org/W2038240177', 'https://openalex.org/W2039423476', 'https://openalex.org/W2041642089', 'https://openalex.org/W2045192490', 'https://openalex.org/W2048015477', 'https://openalex.org/W2050900949', 'https://openalex.org/W2051484655', 'https://openalex.org/W2055364929', 'https://openalex.org/W2058297462', 'https://openalex.org/W2059894596', 'https://openalex.org/W2060174646', 'https://openalex.org/W2061483818', 'https://openalex.org/W2063716900', 'https://openalex.org/W2064743010', 'https://openalex.org/W2073428131', 'https://openalex.org/W2073528115', 'https://openalex.org/W2074489500', 'https://openalex.org/W2074514951', 'https://openalex.org/W2075211115', 'https://openalex.org/W2081610884', 'https://openalex.org/W2084537932', 'https://openalex.org/W2085418298', 'https://openalex.org/W2087878311', 'https://openalex.org/W2091489700', 'https://openalex.org/W2092433581', 'https://openalex.org/W2092906064', 'https://openalex.org/W2101623541', 'https://openalex.org/W2115128296', 'https://openalex.org/W2118750261', 'https://openalex.org/W2121894163', 'https://openalex.org/W2126682377', 'https://openalex.org/W2129102224', 'https://openalex.org/W2135366514', 'https://openalex.org/W2162269559', 'https://openalex.org/W2183655736', 'https://openalex.org/W2192414260', 'https://openalex.org/W2195520911', 'https://openalex.org/W2203212487', 'https://openalex.org/W2211071627', 'https://openalex.org/W2231104446', 'https://openalex.org/W2232990698', 'https://openalex.org/W2255420017', 'https://openalex.org/W2271923210', 'https://openalex.org/W2293333849', 'https://openalex.org/W2310098854', 'https://openalex.org/W2314345183', 'https://openalex.org/W2319032873', 'https://openalex.org/W2328499114', 'https://openalex.org/W2332348302', 'https://openalex.org/W2337529468', 'https://openalex.org/W2340274123', 'https://openalex.org/W2381316208', 'https://openalex.org/W2389696611', 'https://openalex.org/W2465667026', 'https://openalex.org/W2473433510', 'https://openalex.org/W2489622992', 'https://openalex.org/W2513507055', 'https://openalex.org/W2527011365', 'https://openalex.org/W2550886223', 'https://openalex.org/W2562077976', 'https://openalex.org/W2565477192', 'https://openalex.org/W2570723607', 'https://openalex.org/W2572330339', 'https://openalex.org/W2588410208', 'https://openalex.org/W2607726476', 'https://openalex.org/W2614870383', 'https://openalex.org/W2623457904', 'https://openalex.org/W2731318486', 'https://openalex.org/W2738896405', 'https://openalex.org/W2742721378', 'https://openalex.org/W2746243194', 'https://openalex.org/W2755379147', 'https://openalex.org/W2756178928', 'https://openalex.org/W2762415318', 'https://openalex.org/W2767519545', 'https://openalex.org/W2767623959', 'https://openalex.org/W2768636578', 'https://openalex.org/W2770006738', 'https://openalex.org/W2774218184', 'https://openalex.org/W2775438741', 'https://openalex.org/W2776957873', 'https://openalex.org/W2782735575', 'https://openalex.org/W2782919599', 'https://openalex.org/W2789470167', 'https://openalex.org/W2789632935', 'https://openalex.org/W2789742197', 'https://openalex.org/W2789832249', 'https://openalex.org/W2789871701', 'https://openalex.org/W2790846077', 'https://openalex.org/W2792235767', 'https://openalex.org/W2793198397', 'https://openalex.org/W2795010208', 'https://openalex.org/W2805971444', 'https://openalex.org/W2808457389', 'https://openalex.org/W2883439718', 'https://openalex.org/W2889148874', 'https://openalex.org/W2890179799', 'https://openalex.org/W2890413688', 'https://openalex.org/W2890931449', 'https://openalex.org/W2893953617', 'https://openalex.org/W2898103882', 'https://openalex.org/W2901975699', 'https://openalex.org/W2902443429', 'https://openalex.org/W2933820153', 'https://openalex.org/W3025234683', 'https://openalex.org/W3094112586', 'https://openalex.org/W3213944863', 'https://openalex.org/W4251064196', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W935049626'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4388524681', 'https://openalex.org/W4386067787', 'https://openalex.org/W4255752839', 'https://openalex.org/W4226004269', 'https://openalex.org/W3167878980', 'https://openalex.org/W3165028777', 'https://openalex.org/W2944992077', 'https://openalex.org/W2900340165', 'https://openalex.org/W2618465058', 'https://openalex.org/W2050338966'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'There': [0], 'are': [1], 'global': [2], 'concerns': [3], 'about': [4], 'heavy': [5], 'metal': [6], '(HM)': [7], 'contamination': [8], 'in': [9, 12, 31, 41, 49, 53, 65, 68, 100, 105, 137], 'soils,': [10, 54], 'which': [11], 'turn': [13], 'has': [14, 23, 35], 'produced': [15], 'an': [16], 'increased': [17], 'demand': [18], 'for': [19, 39, 143], 'soil': [20, 42, 66, 87, 166, 168], 'remediation.': [21, 43], 'Biochar': [22], 'been': [24], 'widely': [25], 'documented': [26], 'to': [27, 174], 'effectively': [28], 'immobilize': [29], 'metals': [30], 'contaminated': [32], 'soils': [33, 101, 126], 'and': [34, 61, 86, 88, 102, 107, 117, 145, 160, 170], 'received': [36], 'increasing': [37], 'attention': [38], 'use': [40], 'Here,': [44], 'we': [45], 'review': [46], 'recent': [47, 71], 'progresses': [48], 'understanding': [50], 'metal-biochar': [51], 'interactions': [52], 'potential': [55], 'risks': [56], 'associated': [57], 'with': [58], 'biochar': [59, 64, 85, 92, 112, 131, 163], 'amendment,': [60], 'application': [62], 'of': [63, 83, 98, 130, 140, 162], 'remediation': [67, 77], 'China.': [69], 'These': [70], 'studies': [72], 'indicate': [73], 'that:': [74], '(1)': [75], 'the': [76, 81, 96, 138, 154, 156], 'effect': [78], 'depends': [79], 'on': [80, 165], 'characteristics': [82], 'both': [84], 'their': [89], 'interactions;': [90], '(2)': [91], 'applications': [93, 113, 164], 'could': [94, 114], 'decrease': [95], 'mobility/bioavailability': [97], 'HMs': [99], 'HM': [103], 'accumulation': [104], 'plants;': [106], '(3)': [108], 'despite': [109], 'its': [110], 'advantages,': [111], 'pose': [115], 'ecological': [116], 'health': [118], 'risks,': [119], 'e.g.,': [120], 'by': [121, 128], 'releasing': [122], 'toxic': [123], 'substances': [124], 'into': [125], 'or': [127], 'inhalation': [129], 'dust.': [132], 'Research': [133], 'gaps': [134], 'still': [135], 'exist': [136], 'development': [139], 'practical': [141], 'methods': [142], 'preparing': [144], 'applying': [146], 'different': [147], 'biochars': [148], 'that': [149], 'target': [150], 'specific': [151], 'HMs.': [152], 'In': [153], 'future,': [155], 'long': [157], 'term': [158], 'effects': [159], 'security': [161], 'remediation,': [167], 'organisms': [169], 'plant': [171], 'growth': [172], 'need': [173], 'be': [175], 'considered.': [176]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2947116544', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 76}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 123}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 123}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 102}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 51}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-11T23:24:56.443389', 'created_date': '2019-06-07'}