Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2938775273', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201900564', 'title': 'Development of Dip‐Pen Nanolithography (DPN) and Its Derivatives', 'display_name': 'Development of Dip‐Pen Nanolithography (DPN) and Its Derivatives', 'publication_year': 2019, 'publication_date': '2019-04-12', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2938775273', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201900564', 'mag': '2938775273', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30977978'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201900564', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S94619837', 'display_name': 'Small', 'issn_l': '1613-6810', 'issn': ['1613-6810', '1613-6829'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100455540', 'display_name': 'Guoqiang Liu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3743-9450'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I14243506', 'display_name': 'Hong Kong Polytechnic University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0030zas98', 'country_code': 'HK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I14243506']}], 'countries': ['HK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Guoqiang Liu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong SAR, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong SAR, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I14243506']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5040252115', 'display_name': 'Michael Hirtz', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2647-5317'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I102335020', 'display_name': 'Karlsruhe Institute of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04t3en479', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I102335020', 'https://openalex.org/I1305996414']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael Hirtz', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe, Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe, Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I102335020']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5066782879', 'display_name': 'Harald Fuchs', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3394-3147'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I102335020', 'display_name': 'Karlsruhe Institute of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04t3en479', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I102335020', 'https://openalex.org/I1305996414']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210099973', 'display_name': 'CeNTech', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00wk05f95', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210099973']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I22465464', 'display_name': 'University of Münster', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00pd74e08', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I22465464']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Harald Fuchs', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe, Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany', 'Physical Institute and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) University of Münster Münster 48149 Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) and Karlsruhe, Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I102335020']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Physical Institute and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) University of Münster Münster 48149 Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210099973', 'https://openalex.org/I22465464']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5082001058', 'display_name': 'Zijian Zheng', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6653-7594'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I14243506', 'display_name': 'Hong Kong Polytechnic University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0030zas98', 'country_code': 'HK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I14243506']}], 'countries': ['HK'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Zijian Zheng', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong SAR, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Laboratory for Advanced Interfacial Materials and Devices, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, 999077 Hong Kong SAR, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I14243506']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5082001058'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I14243506'], 'apc_list': {'value': 5250, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 5250, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.324, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 89, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.998961, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '15', 'issue': '21', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12224', 'display_name': 'Nanoscale Lithographic Patterning Techniques', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12224', 'display_name': 'Nanoscale Lithographic Patterning Techniques', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10923', 'display_name': 'Atomic Force Microscopy Techniques', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3107', 'display_name': 'Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11338', 'display_name': 'Electron Beam Lithography: Resolution and Applications', 'score': 0.9943, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/dip-pen-nanolithography', 'display_name': 'Dip-Pen Nanolithography', 'score': 0.682813}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nanolithography', 'display_name': 'Nanolithography', 'score': 0.583989}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nanolithography-techniques', 'display_name': 'Nanolithography Techniques', 'score': 0.580917}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoimprint-technology', 'display_name': 'Nanoimprint Technology', 'score': 0.548075}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/scope', 'display_name': 'Scope (computer science)', 'score': 0.5146295}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-lithography', 'display_name': 'Soft Lithography', 'score': 0.51027}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/timeline', 'display_name': 'Timeline', 'score': 0.46256077}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162117346', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1106386', 'display_name': 'Nanolithography', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.9205424}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171250308', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468', 'display_name': 'Nanotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7810794}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C179203168', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5279666', 'display_name': 'Dip-pen nanolithography', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.778706}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204223013', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133036', 'display_name': 'Lithography', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.72844934}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136525101', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139', 'display_name': 'Fabrication', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5363378}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5345959}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778012447', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415', 'display_name': 'Scope (computer science)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5146295}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4438859', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186117', 'display_name': 'Timeline', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46256077}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.37074876}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49040817', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091', 'display_name': 'Optoelectronics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.07374278}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204787440', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504', 'display_name': 'Alternative medicine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95457728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309', 'display_name': 'History', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166957645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498', 'display_name': 'Archaeology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201900564', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S94619837', 'display_name': 'Small', 'issn_l': '1613-6810', 'issn': ['1613-6810', '1613-6829'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30977978', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9', 'score': 0.64, 'display_name': 'Industry, innovation and infrastructure'}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320322598', 'funder_display_name': 'Hong Kong Polytechnic University', 'award_id': 'G‐YBV9'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 133, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1625077779', 'https://openalex.org/W1844351808', 'https://openalex.org/W1967859876', 'https://openalex.org/W1969013655', 'https://openalex.org/W1969736375', 'https://openalex.org/W1971603790', 'https://openalex.org/W1972613500', 'https://openalex.org/W1974733551', 'https://openalex.org/W1974871335', 'https://openalex.org/W1981073081', 'https://openalex.org/W1982894467', 'https://openalex.org/W1984377271', 'https://openalex.org/W1984639840', 'https://openalex.org/W1987138888', 'https://openalex.org/W1989704526', 'https://openalex.org/W1989908015', 'https://openalex.org/W1990038274', 'https://openalex.org/W1991304540', 'https://openalex.org/W1993311151', 'https://openalex.org/W1995654037', 'https://openalex.org/W1996683440', 'https://openalex.org/W1997268642', 'https://openalex.org/W1998118914', 'https://openalex.org/W1998918283', 'https://openalex.org/W2000334486', 'https://openalex.org/W2000385035', 'https://openalex.org/W2000908691', 'https://openalex.org/W2001274472', 'https://openalex.org/W2007767700', 'https://openalex.org/W2008326308', 'https://openalex.org/W2012128735', 'https://openalex.org/W2012293512', 'https://openalex.org/W2012427867', 'https://openalex.org/W2014685952', 'https://openalex.org/W2015498249', 'https://openalex.org/W2016339627', 'https://openalex.org/W2016471921', 'https://openalex.org/W2016636234', 'https://openalex.org/W2017847768', 'https://openalex.org/W2019678627', 'https://openalex.org/W2020989786', 'https://openalex.org/W2021826257', 'https://openalex.org/W2022482594', 'https://openalex.org/W2023199430', 'https://openalex.org/W2027944296', 'https://openalex.org/W2028078966', 'https://openalex.org/W2031656816', 'https://openalex.org/W2033339276', 'https://openalex.org/W2037012265', 'https://openalex.org/W2037802184', 'https://openalex.org/W2040071346', 'https://openalex.org/W2043035516', 'https://openalex.org/W2046315450', 'https://openalex.org/W2048354689', 'https://openalex.org/W2051170838', 'https://openalex.org/W2052517313', 'https://openalex.org/W2054436363', 'https://openalex.org/W2055099296', 'https://openalex.org/W2056027536', 'https://openalex.org/W2058337659', 'https://openalex.org/W2059367257', 'https://openalex.org/W2062106758', 'https://openalex.org/W2064243702', 'https://openalex.org/W2067213694', 'https://openalex.org/W2068870862', 'https://openalex.org/W2070445388', 'https://openalex.org/W2070575376', 'https://openalex.org/W2072428925', 'https://openalex.org/W2073734517', 'https://openalex.org/W2077549755', 'https://openalex.org/W2077582843', 'https://openalex.org/W2078633808', 'https://openalex.org/W2079705643', 'https://openalex.org/W2081875458', 'https://openalex.org/W2084803145', 'https://openalex.org/W2089833935', 'https://openalex.org/W2090290221', 'https://openalex.org/W2094656325', 'https://openalex.org/W2097303015', 'https://openalex.org/W2101860094', 'https://openalex.org/W2104311964', 'https://openalex.org/W2114291846', 'https://openalex.org/W2118284767', 'https://openalex.org/W2118645638', 'https://openalex.org/W2126685044', 'https://openalex.org/W2126853555', 'https://openalex.org/W2127230734', 'https://openalex.org/W2128701975', 'https://openalex.org/W2129360495', 'https://openalex.org/W2130498271', 'https://openalex.org/W2131339894', 'https://openalex.org/W2136066913', 'https://openalex.org/W2139246110', 'https://openalex.org/W2141150520', 'https://openalex.org/W2142020363', 'https://openalex.org/W2143707217', 'https://openalex.org/W2145855016', 'https://openalex.org/W2147807995', 'https://openalex.org/W2160726886', 'https://openalex.org/W2160889169', 'https://openalex.org/W2168011220', 'https://openalex.org/W2169805431', 'https://openalex.org/W2229927562', 'https://openalex.org/W2286984955', 'https://openalex.org/W2320669804', 'https://openalex.org/W2328268736', 'https://openalex.org/W2328809402', 'https://openalex.org/W2395556525', 'https://openalex.org/W2475230193', 'https://openalex.org/W2482896977', 'https://openalex.org/W2521539222', 'https://openalex.org/W2528929442', 'https://openalex.org/W2546571662', 'https://openalex.org/W2566666449', 'https://openalex.org/W2587560988', 'https://openalex.org/W2596188029', 'https://openalex.org/W2613987567', 'https://openalex.org/W2626402728', 'https://openalex.org/W2697192016', 'https://openalex.org/W2735445751', 'https://openalex.org/W2754749890', 'https://openalex.org/W2781044085', 'https://openalex.org/W2796448247', 'https://openalex.org/W2810496402', 'https://openalex.org/W2884551729', 'https://openalex.org/W2903637023', 'https://openalex.org/W2914473367', 'https://openalex.org/W4213083133', 'https://openalex.org/W4230749418', 'https://openalex.org/W4233359233', 'https://openalex.org/W4236208064', 'https://openalex.org/W4245163551', 'https://openalex.org/W4248033625'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3012007250', 'https://openalex.org/W2140795224', 'https://openalex.org/W2068610115', 'https://openalex.org/W2015498249', 'https://openalex.org/W2011975392', 'https://openalex.org/W2007767700', 'https://openalex.org/W1984062010', 'https://openalex.org/W1979069790', 'https://openalex.org/W1971644457', 'https://openalex.org/W1970501686'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'Dip‐pen': [1], 'nanolithography': [2], '(DPN)': [3], 'is': [4, 63], 'a': [5, 13, 19, 35, 43, 70, 119, 135], 'unique': [6], 'nanofabrication': [7], 'tool': [8, 74], 'that': [9, 68], 'can': [10], 'directly': [11], 'write': [12], 'variety': [14], 'of': [15, 40, 52, 90, 94, 112, 125, 129], 'molecular': [16], 'patterns': [17], 'on': [18, 137], 'surface': [20], 'with': [21, 134], 'high': [22], 'resolution': [23], 'and': [24, 49, 81, 102, 114, 122, 131, 144], 'excellent': [25], 'registration.': [26], 'Over': [27], 'the': [28, 50, 64, 88, 91, 108, 126], 'past': [29], '20': [30], 'years,': [31], 'DPN': [32, 80, 101, 130], 'has': [33], 'experienced': [34], 'tremendous': [36], 'evolution': [37], 'in': [38, 46, 139, 150], 'terms': [39], 'applicable': [41], 'inks,': [42], 'remarkable': [44], 'improvement': [45], 'fabrication': [47, 109], 'throughput,': [48], 'development': [51, 128], 'various': [53], 'derivative': [54], 'technologies.': [55], 'Among': [56], 'these': [57], 'developments,': [58], 'polymer': [59], 'pen': [60], 'lithography': [61], '(PPL)': [62], 'most': [65], 'prominent': [66], 'one': [67, 140], 'provides': [69], 'large‐scale,': [71], 'high‐throughput,': [72], 'low‐cost': [73], 'for': [75, 107, 147], 'nanofabrication,': [76], 'which': [77], 'significantly': [78], 'extends': [79], 'beyond.': [82], 'These': [83], 'developments': [84], 'not': [85], 'only': [86], 'expand': [87], 'scope': [89], 'wide': [92], 'field': [93, 152], 'scanning': [95], 'probe': [96], 'lithography,': [97], 'but': [98], 'also': [99], 'enable': [100], 'PPL': [103], 'as': [104], 'general': [105], 'approaches': [106], 'or': [110], 'study': [111], 'nanostructures': [113], 'nanomaterials.': [115], 'In': [116], 'this': [117, 151], 'review,': [118], 'focused': [120], 'summary': [121], 'historical': [123], 'perspective': [124], 'technological': [127, 148], 'its': [132], 'derivatives,': [133], 'focus': [136], 'PPL,': [138], 'timeline,': [141], 'are': [142, 153], 'provided': [143], 'future': [145], 'opportunities': [146], 'exploration': [149], 'proposed.': [154]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2938775273', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 6}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-01T07:44:43.583288', 'created_date': '2019-04-25'}