Abstract: 1 Emerging Challenges for Emerging States(Keiichi Tsunekawa and Yasuyuki Todo) -- Part I Middle-income Trap and Beyond -- 2 Responses to the Middle-income Trap in China, Malaysia, and Thailand(Akira Suehiro) -- 3 The Middle-income Trap in the ASEAN-4 Countries from the Trade Structure Viewpoint(Satoru Kumagai) -- 4 Emerging States in Latin America: How and Why They Differ from Their Asian Counterparts(Keiichi Tsunekawa) -- 5 Economic and Political Networks and Firm Openness: Evidence from Indonesia(Daichi Shimamoto and Yasuyuki Todo) -- 6 Industrial Technology Upgrading and Innovation Policies: A Comparison of Taiwan and Thailand (Patarapong Intarakumnerd and Meng-chun Liu) -- 7 Changing Resource-based Manufacturing Industry: The Case of the Rubber Industry in Malaysia and Thailand(Motoko Kawano) -- 8 Marketing Risks and Standards Compliance: Challenges in Accessing the Global Market for High-value Agricultural and Aquacultural Industries(Aya Suzuki and Vu Hoang Nam) -- Part II Social and Political Dimensions -- 9 How Nations Resurge: Overcoming Historical Inequality in South Africa(Yoichi Mine) -- 10 Education, Development, and Politics in South Korea(Noriyo Isozaki) -- 11 Politics of Inequality in Indonesia: Does Democracy Matter? (Koichi Kawamura) -- 12 Civil-Military Relations in an Emerging State: A Perspective from Indonesia’s Democratic Consolidation (Jun Honna) -- 13 Democratization and the Military in Thailand(Yoshifumi Tamada) -- Index.