Risk factors for tuberculosis: A case–control study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Ezra Shimeles; Fikre Enquselassie; Abraham Aseffa; Melaku Tilahun; Alemayehu Mekonen; Getachew Wondimagegn; Tsegaye Hailu
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2930883569', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214235', 'title': 'Risk factors for tuberculosis: A case–control study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia', 'display_name': 'Risk factors for tuberculosis: A case–control study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia', 'publication_year': 2019, 'publication_date': '2019-04-02', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2930883569', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214235', 'mag': '2930883569', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30939169', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6445425'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214235', 'pdf_url': 'https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0214235&type=printable', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S202381698', 'display_name': 'PLoS ONE', 'issn_l': '1932-6203', 'issn': ['1932-6203'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315706', 'host_organization_name': 'Public Library of Science', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315706'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Public Library of Science'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'doaj', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0214235&type=printable', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5047630948', 'display_name': 'Ezra Shimeles', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210159743', 'display_name': 'Armauer Hansen Research Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05mfff588', 'country_code': 'ET', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210159743']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4537092', 'display_name': 'Addis Ababa University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/038b8e254', 'country_code': 'ET', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4537092']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802808794', 'display_name': 'All Africa Leprosy Tuberculosis and Rehabilitation Training Centre', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02v05yj51', 'country_code': 'ET', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802808794']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210160354', 'display_name': 'Tikur Anbessa Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04ye60n79', 'country_code': 'ET', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210160354']}], 'countries': ['ET'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Ezra Shimeles', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Armauer Hanson Research Institute, ALERT Compound, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia', 'School of Public health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Black Lion Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Armauer Hanson Research Institute, ALERT Compound, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210159743', 'https://openalex.org/I2802808794']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Public health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Black Lion Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4537092', 'https://openalex.org/I4210160354']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5052957345', 'display_name': 'Fikre Enquselassie', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210160354', 'display_name': 'Tikur Anbessa Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04ye60n79', 'country_code': 'ET', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210160354']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4537092', 'display_name': 'Addis Ababa University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/038b8e254', 'country_code': 'ET', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4537092']}], 'countries': ['ET'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Fikre Enquselassie', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Public health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Black Lion Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Public health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Black Lion Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210160354', 'https://openalex.org/I4537092']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5074953709', 'display_name': 'Abraham Aseffa', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8028-1150'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210159743', 'display_name': 'Armauer Hansen Research Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05mfff588', 'country_code': 'ET', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210159743']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802808794', 'display_name': 'All Africa Leprosy Tuberculosis and Rehabilitation Training Centre', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02v05yj51', 'country_code': 'ET', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802808794']}], 'countries': ['ET'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Abraham Aseffa', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Armauer Hanson Research Institute, ALERT Compound, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Armauer Hanson Research Institute, ALERT Compound, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210159743', 'https://openalex.org/I2802808794']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5050600007', 'display_name': 'Melaku Tilahun', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3101-3926'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210159743', 'display_name': 'Armauer Hansen Research Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05mfff588', 'country_code': 'ET', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210159743']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802808794', 'display_name': 'All Africa Leprosy Tuberculosis and Rehabilitation Training Centre', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02v05yj51', 'country_code': 'ET', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802808794']}], 'countries': ['ET'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Melaku Tilahun', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Armauer Hanson Research Institute, ALERT Compound, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Armauer Hanson Research Institute, ALERT Compound, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210159743', 'https://openalex.org/I2802808794']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111874078', 'display_name': 'Alemayehu Mekonen', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210112739', 'display_name': 'Ethiopian Public Health Association', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02y707x62', 'country_code': 'ET', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210112739']}], 'countries': ['ET'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Alemayehu Mekonen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Ethiopian Public Health Association, Kirkos Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Ethiopian Public Health Association, Kirkos Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210112739']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5036856512', 'display_name': 'Getachew Wondimagegn', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['ET'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Getachew Wondimagegn', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5105034849', 'display_name': 'Tsegaye Hailu', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210159743', 'display_name': 'Armauer Hansen Research Institute', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05mfff588', 'country_code': 'ET', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210159743']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802808794', 'display_name': 'All Africa Leprosy Tuberculosis and Rehabilitation Training Centre', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02v05yj51', 'country_code': 'ET', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802808794']}], 'countries': ['ET'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Tsegaye Hailu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Armauer Hanson Research Institute, ALERT Compound, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Armauer Hanson Research Institute, ALERT Compound, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210159743', 'https://openalex.org/I2802808794']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 5, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5047630948', 'https://openalex.org/A5052957345', 'https://openalex.org/A5074953709', 'https://openalex.org/A5050600007', 'https://openalex.org/A5111874078', 'https://openalex.org/A5036856512', 'https://openalex.org/A5105034849'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210159743', 'https://openalex.org/I4537092', 'https://openalex.org/I2802808794', 'https://openalex.org/I4210160354', 'https://openalex.org/I4210160354', 'https://openalex.org/I4537092', 'https://openalex.org/I4210159743', 'https://openalex.org/I2802808794', 'https://openalex.org/I4210159743', 'https://openalex.org/I2802808794', 'https://openalex.org/I4210112739', 'https://openalex.org/I4210159743', 'https://openalex.org/I2802808794'], 'apc_list': {'value': 1805, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 1805, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 1805, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 1805, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 7.388, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 72, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999921, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '14', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': 'e0214235', 'last_page': 'e0214235'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10038', 'display_name': 'Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10038', 'display_name': 'Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10654', 'display_name': 'Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections', 'score': 0.9872, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12369', 'display_name': 'Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment', 'score': 0.9659, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2713', 'display_name': 'Epidemiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8427758}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781069245', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204', 'display_name': 'Tuberculosis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8231962}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138816342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603', 'display_name': 'Public health', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.53735626}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77350462', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472', 'display_name': 'Confounding', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5214838}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151956035', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755', 'display_name': 'Logistic regression', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5174221}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C61511704', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857', 'display_name': 'Incidence (geometry)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50665814}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C156957248', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216', 'display_name': 'Odds ratio', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4580388}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779134260', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136', 'display_name': 'Disease', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4376639}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C146304588', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961652', 'display_name': 'Case-control study', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4242601}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99454951', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068', 'display_name': 'Environmental health', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.41812882}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187212893', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028', 'display_name': 'Pediatrics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39920676}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149923435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732', 'display_name': 'Demography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34152782}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.20354334}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.088530034}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D012959', 'descriptor_name': 'Socioeconomic Factors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014376', 'descriptor_name': 'Tuberculosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014397', 'descriptor_name': 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000995', 'descriptor_name': 'Antitubercular Agents', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000995', 'descriptor_name': 'Antitubercular Agents', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000627', 'qualifier_name': 'therapeutic use', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016022', 'descriptor_name': 'Case-Control Studies', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005002', 'descriptor_name': 'Ethiopia', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005002', 'descriptor_name': 'Ethiopia', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006268', 'descriptor_name': 'Health Facilities', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015994', 'descriptor_name': 'Incidence', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016015', 'descriptor_name': 'Logistic Models', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008875', 'descriptor_name': 'Middle Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010349', 'descriptor_name': 'Patient Compliance', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012307', 'descriptor_name': 'Risk Factors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012907', 'descriptor_name': 'Smoking', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012907', 'descriptor_name': 'Smoking', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000009', 'qualifier_name': 'adverse effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014376', 'descriptor_name': 'Tuberculosis', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014376', 'descriptor_name': 'Tuberculosis', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000503', 'qualifier_name': 'physiopathology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014397', 'descriptor_name': 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014397', 'descriptor_name': 'Tuberculosis, Pulmonary', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000503', 'qualifier_name': 'physiopathology', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 5, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214235', 'pdf_url': 'https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0214235&type=printable', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S202381698', 'display_name': 'PLoS ONE', 'issn_l': '1932-6203', 'issn': ['1932-6203'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315706', 'host_organization_name': 'Public Library of Science', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315706'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Public Library of Science'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/5328fd5fdcf848d8a7353c26a1c27047', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc6445425', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc6445425?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6445425', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30939169', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214235', 'pdf_url': 'https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0214235&type=printable', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S202381698', 'display_name': 'PLoS ONE', 'issn_l': '1932-6203', 'issn': ['1932-6203'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315706', 'host_organization_name': 'Public Library of Science', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315706'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Public Library of Science'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.46, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1', 'display_name': 'No poverty'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 41, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1502064491', 'https://openalex.org/W1566967828', 'https://openalex.org/W1842164495', 'https://openalex.org/W1953068175', 'https://openalex.org/W1966347173', 'https://openalex.org/W1970753497', 'https://openalex.org/W1993724426', 'https://openalex.org/W2005870247', 'https://openalex.org/W2014236866', 'https://openalex.org/W2015809641', 'https://openalex.org/W2035848310', 'https://openalex.org/W2038538152', 'https://openalex.org/W2048426438', 'https://openalex.org/W2057915641', 'https://openalex.org/W2067579701', 'https://openalex.org/W2093812341', 'https://openalex.org/W2101107021', 'https://openalex.org/W2112147097', 'https://openalex.org/W2121675152', 'https://openalex.org/W2145503738', 'https://openalex.org/W2155441883', 'https://openalex.org/W2163617224', 'https://openalex.org/W2166764837', 'https://openalex.org/W2169796043', 'https://openalex.org/W2187215874', 'https://openalex.org/W2329224786', 'https://openalex.org/W2350201399', 'https://openalex.org/W2419215181', 'https://openalex.org/W2423417581', 'https://openalex.org/W2510834662', 'https://openalex.org/W2596849336', 'https://openalex.org/W2599832363', 'https://openalex.org/W2746562707', 'https://openalex.org/W2770461485', 'https://openalex.org/W2781609784', 'https://openalex.org/W2885728615', 'https://openalex.org/W4239560143', 'https://openalex.org/W4253555240', 'https://openalex.org/W566149836', 'https://openalex.org/W58868028', 'https://openalex.org/W79336571'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2907237707', 'https://openalex.org/W2784027074', 'https://openalex.org/W2356934915', 'https://openalex.org/W2350415074', 'https://openalex.org/W2148413427', 'https://openalex.org/W2114132640', 'https://openalex.org/W2067443060', 'https://openalex.org/W2041045730', 'https://openalex.org/W2004209207', 'https://openalex.org/W1998542753'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Background': [0], 'Tuberculosis': [1], 'remains': [2], 'a': [3, 238, 400, 433], 'major': [4], 'public-health': [5], 'problem': [6], 'in': [7, 57, 65, 108, 120, 140, 152, 185], 'the': [8, 36, 49, 55, 58, 81, 121, 141, 153, 160, 174, 363, 384, 428, 463], 'world,': [9], 'despite': [10], 'several': [11], 'efforts': [12], 'to': [13, 79, 159, 169, 199, 203, 223, 246, 271, 278, 282, 315, 319, 357, 435, 457], 'improve': [14], 'case': [15, 73], 'identification': [16], 'and': [17, 33, 70, 114, 135, 143, 147, 288, 387, 392, 410, 412, 445], 'treatment': [18], 'compliance.': [19], 'It': [20], 'is': [21, 380, 425, 453], 'well': [22], 'known': [23], 'cause': [24, 39], 'of': [25, 29, 40, 48, 60, 84, 132, 145, 149, 176, 218, 249, 301, 394, 397, 414, 460], 'ill-health': [26], 'among': [27, 383], 'millions': [28], 'people': [30, 204], 'each': [31], 'year': [32], 'ranks': [34], 'as': [35, 337, 419, 441], 'second': [37], 'leading': [38], 'death': [41], 'from': [42], 'infectious': [43], 'disease': [44], 'worldwide.': [45], 'Despite': [46], 'implementation': [47], 'World': [50], 'health': [51, 106, 123, 127, 449], 'organization': [52], 'recommended': [53], 'strategy,': [54], 'reductions': [56], 'incidence': [59], 'TB': [61, 94, 177, 243, 251, 267, 280, 317, 343, 361, 379, 429, 461], 'have': [62], 'been': [63, 335], 'minimal': [64], 'high': [66], 'burden': [67], 'countries.': [68], 'Objectives': [69], 'methods': [71], 'A': [72, 130], 'control': [74, 430, 447], 'study': [75, 142, 263, 376], 'was': [76, 221, 244, 355], 'carried': [77], 'out': [78], 'assess': [80], 'risk': [82, 225, 248, 339, 364, 421], 'factors': [83], 'TB,': [85, 405], 'where': [86], 'cases': [87, 134, 146], 'were': [88, 112, 138, 151, 167, 193, 269, 308, 417], 'newly': [89], 'registered': [90], 'bacteriologically': [91], 'confirmed': [92], 'pulmonary': [93], 'patients': [95, 268], 'with': [96, 187, 298], 'age': [97, 113, 156, 390], 'greater': [98], 'than': [99, 228, 274, 303, 310], '15': [100], 'years': [101, 155], 'who': [102, 118, 183, 241, 284, 321, 403], 'present': [103], 'at': [104, 448], 'twenty': [105], 'centres': [107], 'Addis': [109], 'Ababa.': [110], 'Controls': [111], 'sex': [115], 'matched': [116], 'attendees': [117], 'presented': [119], 'same': [122], 'centers': [124], 'for': [125, 173, 341], 'non-TB': [126], 'problems.': [128], 'Results': [129], 'total': [131], '260': [133, 136], 'controls': [137, 150], 'enrolled': [139], '45.8%': [144], '46.2%': [148], '26–45': [154], 'bracket.': [157], 'According': [158], 'multivariable': [161], 'logistic': [162], 'regression': [163], 'analysis,': [164], 'seven': [165], 'variables': [166], 'found': [168, 222, 270, 356], 'be': [170, 272, 358], 'independent': [171, 420], 'predictors': [172], 'occurrence': [175], 'after': [178], 'controlling': [179], 'possible': [180], 'confounders.': [181], 'Patients': [182, 297], 'live': [184], 'house': [186, 206], 'no': [188], 'window': [189, 192], 'or': [190], 'one': [191], 'almost': [194, 226], 'two': [195, 311], 'times': [196, 230, 312, 346], 'more': [197, 227, 273, 276, 309, 313, 381], 'likely': [198, 277, 314], 'develop': [200, 279, 316], 'tuberculosis': [201], 'compared': [202, 281, 318], 'whose': [205], 'has': [207, 333], 'multiple': [208], 'windows': [209], '(AOR': [210, 231, 255, 325, 347, 367], '=': [211, 232, 256, 293, 326, 348, 368], '1.81;': [212], '95%': [213, 234, 258, 291, 328, 350, 370], 'CI:1.06,': [214], '3.07).': [215], 'Previous': [216], 'history': [217, 396], 'hospital': [219, 398], 'admission': [220], 'pose': [224], 'three': [229, 253], '3.39;': [233], 'CI:': [235, 259, 329, 351, 371], '1.64–7.03).': [236], 'Having': [237], 'household': [239, 299, 401, 408], 'member': [240, 402], 'had': [242, 322, 404], 'shown': [245], 'increase': [247], 'developing': [250, 342], 'by': [252, 344, 365], 'fold': [254], '3.00;': [257], '1.60,': [260], '5.62).': [261], 'The': [262], 'showed': [264, 377], 'that': [265, 378, 427], 'illiterate': [266], 'twice': [275], 'subjects': [283], 'can': [285], 'atleast': [286], 'read': [287], 'write': [289], '(AOR,': [290], 'CI': [292], '2.15,': [294], '1.05,': [295], '4.40).': [296], 'income': [300, 324, 409], 'less': [302], '1000': [304], 'birrs': [305], 'per': [306], 'month': [307], 'those': [320], 'higher': [323], '2.2;': [327], '1.28,': [330], '3.78).': [331], 'Smoking': [332], 'also': [334], 'identified': [336, 418], 'important': [338, 455], 'factor': [340], 'four': [345], '4.43;': [349], '2.10,': [352], '9.3).': [353], 'BCG': [354, 415], 'protective': [359], 'against': [360], 'reducing': [362], 'one-third': [366], '0.34;': [369], '0.22,': [372], '0.54).': [373], 'Conclusion': [374], 'This': [375], 'common': [382], 'most': [385], 'agile': [386], 'economically': [388], 'active': [389], 'group,': [391], 'number': [393], 'windows,': [395], 'admission,': [399], 'illiteracy,': [406], 'low': [407], 'smoking': [411], 'lack': [413], 'scar': [416], 'factors.': [422], 'Therefore': [423], 'it': [424], 'imperative': [426], 'effort': [431], 'need': [432], 'strategy': [434], 'address': [436], 'socio': [437], 'economic': [438], 'issues': [439], 'such': [440], 'poverty,': [442], 'overcrowding,': [443], 'smoking,': [444], 'infection': [446], 'care': [450], 'facilities': [451], 'level': [452], 'an': [454], 'intervention': [456], 'prevent': [458], 'transmission': [459], 'within': [462], 'facilities.': [464]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2930883569', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T05:35:57.924275', 'created_date': '2019-04-11'}
Publication Information

Basic Information

Access and Citation

AI Researcher Chatbot

Primary Location

Authors

Topics

Keywords

Related Works
