Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W292466953', 'doi': None, 'title': 'Securing Public Space [Awards Jury Commentaries]', 'display_name': 'Securing Public Space [Awards Jury Commentaries]', 'publication_year': 2005, 'publication_date': '2005-10-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W292466953', 'mag': '292466953'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://escholarship.org/content/qt7203x7dk/qt7203x7dk.pdf?t=krnce3', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306522583', 'display_name': 'Places', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086794261', 'display_name': 'Lawrence J. Vale', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Lawrence J Vale', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5086794261'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 1, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.661308, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 61, 'max': 68}, 'biblio': {'volume': '17', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10747', 'display_name': 'Disaster Management and Resilience', 'score': 0.2454, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10747', 'display_name': 'Disaster Management and Resilience', 'score': 0.2454, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/salience', 'display_name': 'Salience (neuroscience)', 'score': 0.56699306}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/public-space', 'display_name': 'Public space', 'score': 0.41621327}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39549134', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080', 'display_name': 'Public relations', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.57507354}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C108154423', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469792', 'display_name': 'Salience (neuroscience)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.56699306}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203133693', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283', 'display_name': 'Terrorism', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.54890066}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5046691}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4857076}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776119841', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837675', 'display_name': 'Jury', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48513612}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778572836', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933', 'display_name': 'Space (punctuation)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44744143}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18762648', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213', 'display_name': 'Work (physics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42133927}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2984866010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294440', 'display_name': 'Public space', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41621327}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3700062}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32125348}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.17902061}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.14192605}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78519656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333', 'display_name': 'Mechanical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C170154142', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737', 'display_name': 'Architectural engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C180747234', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373', 'display_name': 'Cognitive psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://escholarship.org/content/qt7203x7dk/qt7203x7dk.pdf?t=krnce3', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306522583', 'display_name': 'Places', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11', 'score': 0.72, 'display_name': 'Sustainable cities and communities'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W881922224', 'https://openalex.org/W57442715', 'https://openalex.org/W3031391443', 'https://openalex.org/W3030992337', 'https://openalex.org/W2959727635', 'https://openalex.org/W2769596551', 'https://openalex.org/W2768801509', 'https://openalex.org/W2765638387', 'https://openalex.org/W269305947', 'https://openalex.org/W257567829', 'https://openalex.org/W2315100362', 'https://openalex.org/W2289795359', 'https://openalex.org/W222259577', 'https://openalex.org/W215005691', 'https://openalex.org/W2123551259', 'https://openalex.org/W2068038467', 'https://openalex.org/W2004669530', 'https://openalex.org/W1863663004', 'https://openalex.org/W1487317469', 'https://openalex.org/W142062509'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Securing': [0, 838], 'Public': [1, 839], 'Space': [2, 840], 'Lawrence': [3], 'J.': [4], 'Vale': [5, 836], 'Self-conscious': [6], 'efforts': [7, 482], 'to': [8, 17, 66, 68, 92, 146, 186, 215, 272, 369, 376, 450, 477, 483, 508, 529, 566, 583, 614, 659, 690], 'design': [9, 59, 339, 370, 526, 741, 757], 'for': [10, 151, 276, 306, 404, 435, 743, 763, 771], 'urban': [11, 338, 682], 'security': [12, 79, 129, 163, 414, 617], 'go': [13, 419], 'back': [14], 'at': [15, 223, 345, 453], 'least': [16], 'Jericho,': [18], 'but': [19, 74, 116, 166, 727], 'have': [20, 225, 650], 'had': [21], 'a': [22, 197, 202, 227, 297, 374, 485, 519, 537, 545, 549, 576, 585, 625, 679, 822], 'new': [23, 187, 439, 525], 'kind': [24], 'of': [25, 60, 90, 95, 105, 114, 128, 140, 162, 189, 207, 238, 248, 312, 319, 337, 342, 348, 383, 400, 424, 441, 459, 468, 497, 502, 518, 522, 536, 548, 557, 569, 631, 669, 701, 706, 730, 745, 777, 798], 'salience': [26], 'in': [27, 293, 310, 387, 407, 474, 500, 608, 710, 817], 'the': [28, 40, 56, 75, 93, 103, 147, 159, 194, 205, 213, 239, 249, 274, 317, 334, 346, 349, 367, 398, 408, 422, 432, 445, 503, 514, 533, 554, 567, 570, 593, 603, 628, 657, 665, 685, 698, 704, 707, 712, 728, 731, 753, 756, 761, 765, 774, 782, 787, 794, 799, 814, 825], 'last': [29], 'several': [30], 'decades.': [31], 'The': [32, 88, 246, 354, 494, 524], 'situation': [33], 'is': [34, 196, 489, 527, 574, 610, 623], 'particularly': [35, 144], 'prob-': [36], 'lematic': [37], 'today': [38], 'because': [39], 'perennial': [41], 'questions—Secure': [42], 'from': [43, 47, 102, 169, 443, 675], 'what?': [44], 'and': [45, 58, 85, 122, 178, 191, 221, 232, 252, 351, 361, 427, 464, 480, 492, 579, 598, 618, 634, 648, 673, 723, 739, 755, 793, 821], 'Secure': [46], 'whom?—keep': [48], 'yielding': [49], 'shifting': [50], 'answers.': [51], 'Those': [52, 174], 'who': [53, 107, 175, 810], 'care': [54], 'about': [55, 125, 181, 627], 'planning': [57], 'desirable': [61, 362], 'places': [62, 182, 364, 389, 476], 'are': [63, 80, 108, 130, 259, 269, 687, 748], 'being': [64], 'asked': [65, 271], 'attend': [67], 'such': [69, 230, 241, 378, 632, 829], 'questions': [70, 124, 161], 'with': [71, 78, 112, 118, 217, 261, 285, 316, 396, 720, 813], 'increased': [72, 616], 'urgency,': [73], 'goals': [76], 'associated': [77], 'frequently': [81, 392], 'poorly': [82], 'framed,': [83], 'incomplete,': [84], 'often': [86, 653, 695], 'contradictory.': [87], 'response': [89], 'designers': [91, 649, 683, 716], 'challenges': [94], 'securing': [96], 'public': [97, 134, 208, 350, 446, 451, 486, 564, 676, 754], 'environments': [98], 'demands': [99], 'more': [100, 478, 543, 550], 'attention': [101], 'community': [104, 758], 'researchers': [106], 'concerned': [109], 'not': [110], 'only': [111], 'matters': [113, 127, 417], 'security,': [115, 670], 'also': [117, 270, 624], 'broader': [119], 'social,': [120], 'cultural': [121], 'political': [123], 'how': [126], 'transforming': [131], 'or': [132, 201, 283, 287], 'delimiting': [133], 'life.': [135, 401], '1': [136], 'This': [137, 314, 381, 470], 'important': [138], 'area': [139], 'work': [141, 709], 'would': [142], 'seem': [143], 'suited': [145], 'EDRA/Places': [148], 'awards.': [149], 'Yet—except': [150], 'one': [152], 'entry,': [153], 'which': [154], 'provoked': [155], 'lengthy': [156], 'debate': [157], 'among': [158], 'jurors—': [160], 'were': [164, 827], 'all': [165, 651], 'completely': [167], 'absent': [168], 'this': [170, 233, 791], 'year’s': [171], 'awards': [172], 'cycle.': [173], 'design,': [176], 'plan,': [177], 'conduct': [179], 'research': [180], 'must': [183], 'face': [184], 'up': [185, 773], 'kinds': [188], 'risk': [190], 'uncertainty.': [192], 'Whether': [193], 'threat': [195], 'potential': [198, 275], 'terrorist': [199], 'strike': [200], 'catastrophic': [203], 'hurricane,': [204], 'forms': [206], 'space': [209, 372], 'become': [210], 'altered': [211], 'by': [212, 279, 412, 456, 602, 656, 696, 786], 'struggle': [214], 'grapple': [216], 'external': [218], 'threats.': [219], 'Faculty': [220], 'students': [222], 'MIT': [224], 'launched': [226, 303], 'colloquium': [228], 'examining': [229], 'challenges,': [231], 'essay': [234], 'sets': [235], 'out': [236, 639], 'some': [237], 'directions': [240], 'an': [242, 320, 611, 641], 'inquiry': [243], 'might': [244], 'take.': [245], 'Temptations': [247], 'Securescape': [250], 'Designers': [251], 'planners': [253, 647], 'respond': [254], 'quite': [255], 'differently': [256], 'if': [257, 267], 'they': [258, 268], 'charged': [260], 'protecting': [262], 'against': [263], 'bomb-laden': [264], 'vehicles': [265], 'than': [266, 365, 544], 'consider': [273], 'bombs': [277], 'carried': [278], 'pedestrians,': [280], 'air': [281], 'attack,': [282], 'terrorism': [284], 'chemical': [286], 'biological': [288], 'weapons.': [289], 'Thirty': [290], 'years': [291], 'ago,': [292], 'what': [294, 661], 'retrospectively': [295], 'seems': [296], 'less': [298, 357], 'explosive': [299], 'time,': [300], 'Oscar': [301], 'Newman': [302], 'his': [304], 'calls': [305, 434], '“defensible': [307], 'space,”': [308], 'rooted': [309], 'notions': [311], 'territoriality.': [313], 'coincided': [315], 'birth': [318], 'entire': [321], 'movement': [322], 'called': [323, 664, 770], 'Crime': [324], 'Prevention': [325], 'Through': [326], 'Environ-': [327], 'mental': [328], 'Design': [329, 597], '(CPTED).': [330], '2': [331], 'Both': [332, 752], 'viewed': [333], 'central': [335], 'task': [336], 'as': [340, 373, 512, 589, 640], 'deterrence': [341], 'criminal': [343], 'behavior': [344], 'interface': [347], 'private': [352], 'realms.': [353], 'focus': [355], 'was': [356, 806], 'on': [358, 366, 802, 808], 'creating': [359], 'positive': [360], 'designed': [363, 582], 'necessity': [368], 'secure': [371, 491], 'prerequisite': [375], 'any': [377], 'higher': [379], 'aims.': [380], 'nurturing': [382], 'informal': [384], 'surveil-': [385], 'lance': [386], 'dangerous': [388], 'has': [390, 472, 580], 'indeed': [391], 'been': [393, 581, 654], 'cred-': [394], 'ited': [395], 'improving': [397], 'quality': [399], 'Yet': [402], 'designing': [403], 'Conflicting': [405], 'values': [406], 'twenty-first-century': [409], 'city.': [410], 'Photo': [411], 'author.': [413], 'now': [415, 506], 'entails': [416], 'that': [418, 430, 488, 747], 'well': [420], 'beyond': [421], 'fears': [423], 'assault,': [425], 'robbery,': [426], 'drug': [428], 'dealing': [429], 'prompted': [431], 'earlier': [433], 'defensible': [436], 'space.': [437], 'Today’s': [438], 'set': [440, 521], 'threats': [442], 'within': [444], 'realm': [447, 487], 'initially': [448], 'led': [449, 473], 'outrage': [452], 'landscapes': [454], 'littered': [455], 'crude': [457], 'profusions': [458], 'hardened': [460], 'planters,': [461], 'concrete': [462], 'barriers,': [463], 'seemingly': [465], 'random': [466], 'acts': [467], 'bollarding.': [469], 'too': [471, 652], 'many': [475, 835], 'considered': [479, 749], 'considerate': [481], 'produce': [484], 'both': [490], 'attractive.': [493], 'recent': [495], 'transformation': [496], 'Pennsylvania': [498, 539], 'Avenue': [499], 'front': [501], 'White': [504, 571], 'House,': [505], 'reopened': [507], 'pedestri-': [509], 'ans,': [510], 'stands': [511, 638], 'perhaps': [513], 'most': [515, 750], 'successful': [516], 'resolution': [517], 'difficult': [520], 'problems.': [523], 'closed': [528], 'vehicles,': [530], 'thereby': [531], 'rendering': [532], 'casual': [534], 'notion': [535], '“1600': [538], 'Avenue”': [540], 'address': [541], 'little': [542], 'quaint': [546], 'vestige': [547], 'open': [551], 'era—not': [552], 'unlike': [553], 'locked-gate': [555], 'fate': [556], 'London’s': [558], '10': [559], 'Downing': [560], 'Street.': [561, 779], 'Nonetheless,': [562], 'restoring': [563], 'access': [565], 'perimeter': [568], 'House': [572], 'grounds': [573], 'surely': [575], 'welcome': [577], 'development,': [578], 'accommodate': [584], 'future': [586], 'transit': [587], 'Circulator,': [588], 'well.': [590], 'More': [591], 'generally,': [592], 'National': [594, 604], 'Capital': [595, 605], 'Urban': [596, 715], 'Security': [599], 'Plan,': [600], 'developed': [601], 'Planning': [606], 'Commission': [607], '2002,': [609], 'exemplary': [612], 'effort': [613], 'marry': [615], 'improved': [619], 'design.': [620, 815], 'But': [621, 780], 'it': [622, 635], 'reminder': [626], 'great': [629], 'expense': [630], 'planning,': [633], 'so': [636], 'far': [637], 'exception.': [642], '3': [643], 'Elsewhere,': [644], 'unfor-': [645], 'tunately,': [646], 'defeated': [655], 'temptation': [658], 'construct': [660], 'may': [662], 'be': [663], 'securescape—the': [666], 'uneasy': [667], 'confluence': [668], 'land-': [671], 'scape,': [672], 'escape': [674], 'contact.': [677], 'At': [678], 'time': [680], 'when': [681, 760], 'across': [684], 'globe': [686], 'seeking': [688], 'ways': [689], 'retrofit': [691], 'massive': [692], 'modernist': [693], 'superblocks,': [694], 'reintroducing': [697], 'finer-grained': [699], 'networks': [700], 'premodern': [702], 'streets,': [703], 'tenets': [705], 'securescape': [708, 732], 'precisely': [711], 'opposite': [713], 'direction.': [714], 'extol': [717], 'mixed-use': [718], 'developments': [719], 'street-level': [721], 'retail': [722], 'enhanced': [724, 737], 'pedestrian': [725], 'connectivity;': [726], 'pressures': [729], 'push': [733], 'toward': [734], 'street': [735], 'closures,': [736], 'setbacks,': [738], 'strict': [740], 'guidelines': [742], 'types': [744], 'buildings': [746], 'vulnerable.': [751], 'cheered': [759], 'plan': [762], 'redeveloping': [764], 'World': [766], 'Trade': [767], 'Center': [768], 'site': [769], 'opening': [772], 'broad': [775], 'boulevard': [776], 'West': [778], 'somehow': [781], 'glaring': [783], 'disconnect': [784], 'revealed': [785], 'close': [788], 'connection': [789], 'between': [790], 'road': [792], 'gleaming': [795], 'glass': [796], 'target': [797], 'Freedom': [800], 'Tower': [801], 'its': [803], 'eastern': [804], 'flank': [805], 'lost': [807], 'those': [809], 'moved': [811], 'forward': [812], 'Only': [816], 'April': [818], '2005—a': [819], 'year': [820], 'half': [823], 'after': [824], 'plans': [826], 'unveiled—did': [828], '“security': [830], 'concerns”': [831], 'surface': [832], 'publicly,': [833], 'calling': [834], '/': [837]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W292466953', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-14T16:53:38.316103', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}