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3562, 3588, 3597, 3607, 3696, 4075, 4174], 'associated': [612, 642, 878, 1552, 1932, 2475, 2494, 3279, 3695, 4173], 'DVA.': [613], 'called': [616, 628], 'sporadic': [617, 1468, 2487, 2864, 3405, 3688], 'CCMs': [618, 701, 819, 1681, 1789, 1804, 1834, 1904, 2046, 2057, 2347, 2393, 2448, 2767, 3138], 'often': [621, 2058], 'asymptomatic': [622, 1388, 1885, 3333, 3730], 'nonhereditary.': [624], 'other': [626, 754, 1856, 1912, 2248, 3054, 3302], 'type,': [627], 'hereditary': [629], 'familial': [631, 818, 1233, 2578, 3140, 3403], '(FCCM),': [633], 'is': [634, 673, 820, 919, 999, 1027, 1100, 1246, 1460, 1511, 1612, 1618, 1790, 1951, 2048, 2080, 2441, 2480, 2503, 2635, 2652, 2665, 2854, 2879, 2990, 3006, 3027, 3082, 3092, 3189, 3361, 3377, 3488, 3536, 3579, 3726, 3790, 3860, 3975, 4025, 4063], 'autosomal': [637, 1104, 3144], 'dominant': [638, 1105, 3145], 'inherited': [639, 1101], 'genetic': [640, 3220, 3330, 3498], 'mutation,': [641, 3126], 'lesions.': [645, 2575], 'can': [647, 861, 1691, 1805, 1905, 1925, 1996, 2491, 2532, 2567, 2622, 2641, 2657, 2732, 3449, 3458, 3690, 3716, 3805], 'found': [649, 789, 872, 1662, 1747, 2860, 3686, 4018, 4170], 'at': [650, 838, 863, 2611, 3287], 'locations': [652, 3584], 'supratentorial': [659, 1545], 'lesions': [660, 1537, 1549, 1937, 2106, 2432, 2556, 2839, 2859, 3179, 3352, 3487, 3721, 3796, 3829], 'being': [661, 2757], 'than': [664, 807, 1463, 1544, 2256, 2348, 2394, 2433], 'infratentorial': [666, 1536], 'lesions.1': [667], 'purpose': [669], 'review': [672], 'summarize': [675], 'basic': [677], 'updated': [680], 'understanding': [681, 3853], 'FCCM': [683, 910, 1099, 1151, 1372, 1405, 1459, 1739, 1745, 1829, 2490, 2560, 2576, 2604, 2834, 3091, 3173, 3188, 3368, 3376, 3483, 3712, 4061], 'enlighten': [686], 'audience': [688], 'latest': [691], 'research': [692, 1125, 2023], 'insight': [693], 'developments': [695], 'rapidly': [698], 'evolving': [699], 'field.EpidemiologyWhile': [700], 'rare': [704, 1043], 'disease,': [705, 1031, 4001], 'they': [706, 860], 'prevalent': [710, 1000], 'form': [711, 1469, 2865], 'cerebrovascular': [713], 'DVA.1,5,6': [716], 'In': [717, 953, 1342, 3008, 3346, 3370], 'literature,': [719], 'prevalence': [720, 760, 791, 816, 837, 875, 908], 'has': [723, 851, 1277, 1359, 1593, 1730, 2040, 2672, 2691, 2704, 3039], '0.1%': [728, 1578], '0.8%.5,7': [730], 'A': [731, 866, 987, 1741, 2298, 2413, 2680, 2701, 2943, 3213, 4014, 4057], 'population-based': [732, 772], 'SIVMS': [733], '(Scottish': [734], 'Intracranial': [735], 'Vascular': [736], 'Malformation': [737], 'Study)': [738], 'estimated': [739, 814, 1574, 1595], 'an': [740, 933, 1103, 1353, 1364, 1554, 1561, 1613, 1720, 1725, 1763, 3023, 3143, 3373, 3663, 3747, 3923], 'yearly': [741, 1601], 'incidence': [742, 806], 'rate': [743], '0.56': [745], 'per': [746, 1584, 2971], '100': [747], '000': [748, 824], 'individuals': [750, 949], '≥16': [751], 'years.8': [752], 'Various': [753], 'studies': [755, 1304, 2024, 2333, 2470], 'also': [757, 1551, 1692, 2980, 3083, 3295, 3780], 'disease': [763, 1299, 2744, 3162, 3283, 3303, 3886, 3986, 4034, 4076, 4101, 4113, 4176], '0.16%': [766], '0.5%.2,9,10': [768], 'Recently,': [769, 3884], 'prospective': [771], 'imaging': [773, 1854, 1949, 1977, 1985, 1991, 2015, 2070, 2362, 2469, 2619, 2754, 2813, 3026, 3438], 'study': [774, 829, 867, 1661, 1742, 2414, 2944, 4016, 4059], 'Mayo': [776, 870], 'Clinic': [777, 871], 'consisting': [778, 2422], 'older': [780, 1760], 'adults': [781], 'between': [782, 1090, 2707, 2963, 2992, 3772, 3880], 'ages': [784, 2159], '50': [785], '89': [787], 'years': [788, 1269, 3443], 'population': [796, 815], '0.46%,': [799], 'men': [801], 'displaying': [802], 'slightly': [804], 'higher': [805, 907, 1542, 1686], 'women': [808, 3590, 3596], '(0.51%': [809], '0.41%,': [811], 'respectively).2': [812], '1/5000': [821], '1/10': [823], '(Orphanet),': [825], 'from': [830, 950, 1696, 1855, 2091, 2281, 3418, 3701, 4049], 'screening': [831, 3331], 'exome': [832, 942], 'sequencing': [833, 3241], 'databases': [834], 'estimates': [835], '1/3300': [839], '1/3800': [841], 'persons.11The': [842], 'mean': [843], 'age': [844, 1714, 1736, 3290, 3420], 'presentation': [846, 3159], 'these': [848, 1025, 1056, 1091, 2629, 2717, 3061, 3544, 3720, 3828], 'around': [856, 1488, 2196], '37': [857], 'years;': [858], 'however,': [859], 'present': [862, 1407, 3176, 3734], 'any': [864, 2825, 2960, 3364, 3474, 3592], 'age.1': [865], 'that': [873, 1053, 1066, 1306, 1477, 1663, 1748, 1759, 1771, 2017, 2336, 2427, 2443, 2621, 2656, 3863, 3890, 4019, 4036, 4065], 'DVA': [880], 'increases': [881], 'age.12': [883], 'While': [884], 'there': [885, 2479], 'does': [886, 1715], 'not': [887, 1716, 1774, 1917, 1939, 2769, 2958, 3727, 3791], 'exist': [888], 'plethora': [890], 'information': [892], 'detailing': [893], 'distribution': [895], 'patients': [898, 1406, 1420, 1515, 1642, 1746, 1750, 1761, 2425, 2934, 2953, 3050, 3652, 4062], 'relationship': [900], 'race': [902], 'ethnicity,': [904], 'significantly': [906], 'Hispanic': [912, 925, 989, 1744], 'populations': [913, 1572], '(especially': [914], 'American': [917, 2290], 'Southwest)': [918], 'result': [921, 1478, 3094, 3258], 'mutation': [926, 990, 1119], 'CCM1.13': [928], 'Genome': [930], 'Aggregation': [931, 937], 'Database,': [932], 'extension': [934], 'Exome': [936], 'Consortium': [938], 'contains': [939], '123': [940], '136': [941], '15': [944, 2424], '496': [945], 'whole-genome': [946], 'sequences': [947, 1960, 1967, 2341, 2366, 2373, 2515], 'diverse': [951], 'ethnicities.11,14': [952], 'database': [955], '13': [956], '32': [959], 'mutations': [960, 1046, 1285, 3114, 3257, 3274], 'CCM1': [962, 3105, 3267], '(12/22),': [963], 'CCM2': [964, 1145, 3107, 3270, 3881], '(1/9),': [965], 'CCM3': [967, 3110, 3255], '(0/1)': [968], 'formerly': [970], 'recognized': [972], 'already': [975], 'noted': [976], 'Human': [979], 'Gene': [980], 'Mutation': [981, 1020], 'Database': [982], 'as': [983, 1092, 1094, 1132, 1264, 1831, 1860, 1909, 1922, 1988, 2368, 2375, 2497, 2687, 2694, 2736, 2779, 2803, 2818, 2820, 3233, 3235, 3264, 3306, 3427, 3959, 4095], 'pathogenic': [984, 3359], '(HGMD': [985], '2017.2).': [986], '(CCM1:': [991], 'c.1363C>T,': [992], 'p.Gln455*)': [993], 'identified': [994, 1636, 3362], 'among': [995, 1569], 'Latino': [997], 'cohort': [998], 'Southwestern': [1003], 'United': [1004], 'States.15Genetic': [1005], 'InformationThree': [1006], 'protein-encoding': [1007], 'genes': [1008, 1026, 1058, 1082, 1266, 3104], '(CCM1,': [1009], 'CCM2,': [1010, 1261, 1308], 'CCM3)': [1012], 'known': [1014], 'cause': [1016, 1295, 1496], 'FCCM16,17': [1017], '(Table': [1018, 2120, 3148], '1).': [1019, 1803], 'just': [1022], 'one': [1023, 3100], 'sufficient': [1028], 'causing': [1030], 'changes': [1033], 'commonly': [1035, 1422], 'resulting': [1036, 3127, 3911], 'truncated': [1039], 'protein,': [1040], 'instances,': [1044], 'missense': [1045], 'leading': [1047], 'protein': [1049, 1157, 1192, 1199, 1204, 1209], 'misfolding.17': [1050], 'Research': [1051, 3840], 'suggests': [1052, 1126], 'each': [1054, 1582], '3': [1057, 1198, 1287, 1292, 3103, 3367], 'part': [1060], 'greater': [1063], 'signaling': [1064, 1348, 3995, 4031], 'pathway': [1065, 3931, 3954, 3974], 'regulates': [1067, 3895, 3993], 'cell': [1068, 1188, 1190, 1194, 1202], 'proliferation,': [1069], 'network': [1070], 'formation,': [1071, 3947], 'growth': [1073, 1240, 4163], 'endothelial': [1076, 1166, 1187, 1239, 1334, 3118, 3874, 3907, 3942, 3965, 3997, 4020, 4038, 4162], 'layer.17': [1077], 'Mutations': [1078], 'thought': [1084], 'inhibit': [1086], 'important': [1087, 1354, 1614], 'surface': [1088], 'interactions': [1089], 'well': [1093, 2770, 3234], 'numerous': [1096, 1337], 'binding': [1097], 'partners.17': [1098], 'fashion,': [1106], 'every': [1108, 1608], 'affected': [1109], 'parent': [1110], 'having': [1111, 2835, 3445], '50%': [1113], 'chance': [1114], 'passing': [1116, 1609], 'down': [1117], 'their': [1121, 1417, 2098, 3608], 'offspring.13': [1122], 'Although': [1123, 1396, 1713], 'some': [1124, 3462], 'possibility': [1128], 'fourth,': [1131], 'yet': [1133], 'unidentified': [1134], 'gene,': [1135], 'finding': [1138], 'large': [1141, 2857], 'genomic': [1142], 'inversion': [1143], 'challenges': [1146], 'idea.18Table': [1148], '1.': [1149, 1875], 'GenesLocus': [1152], 'NameGeneChromosome': [1153], 'LocusProteinFunctionCCM1KRIT17q21.2Krev': [1154], 'interaction': [1155, 3879], 'trapped': [1156], '1Regulate': [1158], 'heart': [1159, 1178], 'vessel': [1161, 1180], 'formation': [1162, 1181], 'angiogenesis.': [1164], 'Inhibits': [1165], 'cells,': [1167, 3875], 'apoptosis,': [1168], 'migration,': [1169], 'angiogenesisAlternative': [1171], 'name(s):': [1172, 1184, 1196], 'proteinCCM2CCM27p13CCM': [1175], '2': [1176, 1243, 1632, 2709, 2718, 2965], 'proteinRegulate': [1177], 'integrityAlternative': [1183], 'MalcaverninStabilize': [1185], 'junctionsCCM3PDCD103q26.1Programmed': [1189], 'death': [1191, 1695], '10Stimulate': [1193], 'proliferationAlternative': [1195], 'TF-1': [1201], 'apoptosis-related': [1203], '15Regulates': [1205], 'apoptotic': [1206], 'pathwayIncrease': [1207], 'mitogen-activated': [1208, 3870], 'kinase': [1210, 1255], 'STK26': [1212], 'activityInvolved': [1213], 'KDR/VEGFR2': [1215], 'signalingRegulate': [1216], 'cardiovascular': [1217], 'development': [1218, 1276, 2794, 4085], 'required': [1220, 3932, 3976], 'angiogenesis,': [1222], 'vasculogenesis': [1223], 'hematopoiesis': [1225], 'during': [1226, 1393, 1410, 3649, 3657, 3679], 'developmentCCM': [1227], 'indicates': [1228, 1892, 2258, 2318, 2577], 'cerebral': [1229, 1234, 1841, 1886, 1920, 2259, 2300, 2521, 2579], 'malformation;': [1231, 1236, 2261, 2581], 'FCCM,': [1232, 1380], 'KDR/VEGFR2,': [1237], 'factor': [1241, 1615, 1777, 4143], 'receptor': [1242, 4023], 'KDR': [1245], 'human': [1248], 'gene': [1249], 'encoding': [1250], 'it;': [1251], 'STK26,': [1253], 'serine/threonine': [1254], '26.Since': [1256], 'identification': [1258], 'KRIT1,': [1260, 1307], 'PDCD10': [1263, 1310], 'disease-causing': [1265], 'nearly': [1267], '20': [1268], 'ago,': [1270], 'molecular': [1272, 1340, 3855, 3930], 'mechanism': [1273], 'underlying': [1274], 'intensely': [1279], 'studied': [1280, 2758], 'laboratory.19,20': [1283], 'How': [1284], 'distinct': [1288], 'genes,': [1289], 'coding': [1290], 'nonhomologous': [1293], 'proteins,': [1294], 'clinical': [1298, 1369, 2762, 3206, 3217], 'became': [1300], 'clear': [1301], 'when': [1302, 1622, 1698, 3017, 3694, 3719, 3733], 'biochemical': [1303], 'revealed': [1305], 'directly': [1311, 2666], 'interact': [1312], 'heterotrimeric': [1315], 'adaptor': [1316], 'complex': [1317, 1328, 3866, 3893, 3901, 3991], '(CCM': [1318], 'complex).21,22': [1319], 'Early': [1320], 'work': [1321], 'on': [1322, 1799, 1852, 1919, 1942, 2065, 2097, 2100, 2308, 2415, 2536, 2890, 3202, 3210, 3424, 3529, 3839], 'role': [1324, 1824, 1999], 'zebrafish,': [1330], 'mice,': [1331], 'cultured': [1333], 'cells': [1335, 3119, 3998], 'uncovered': [1336], 'phenotypes': [1338], 'pathways.': [1341], 'particular,': [1343], 'gain': [1344, 3905, 3940], 'ROCK': [1346, 3926], '(Rho-kinase)': [1347], 'was': [1349, 1673, 1773], 'hypothesized': [1350], 'aspect': [1355], 'pathogenesis': [1357, 3856], 'formed': [1360, 2081], 'basis': [1362], 'National': [1365], 'Institutes': [1366], 'Health–funded': [1368], 'trial': [1370], 'treatment': [1373, 1626, 1787, 1796, 2950, 3005], '(URL:': [1374], 'https://www.clinicaltrials.gov.': [1375], 'Unique': [1376], 'identifier:': [1377], 'NCT02603328).23–25Clinical': [1378], 'SymptomatologyIn': [1379], 'substantial': [1382], 'number': [1383, 1527], '(20%–50%)': [1386], 'remain': [1387], 'incidentally': [1391], 'discovered': [1392], 'head': [1394], 'imaging.26': [1395], 'infancy': [1399], 'childhood,': [1401], 'symptoms': [1409, 1455, 2798, 4177], 'fifth': [1414], 'decades': [1415], 'lives.': [1418], 'experience': [1423], 'seizures': [1424, 1498, 1506, 2900, 2956, 3648, 3698], '(40%–70%),': [1425], 'focal': [1426], 'neurologic': [1427], 'deficits': [1428], '(FND)': [1429], 'intracranial': [1431, 1438], 'bleed': [1432, 3812], '(25%–50%),': [1433], 'nonspecific': [1434], 'headaches': [1435, 3000, 3015, 3052], '(10%–30%),': [1436], 'hemorrhage': [1439, 1669, 1728, 2190, 3038], '(ICH;': [1440], '25%–32%)': [1441], 'which': [1442, 1617, 2079, 2113, 2381, 2566, 2640, 2664], 'might': [1443, 3830], 'either': [1445], 'intralesional': [1446], 'extend': [1448], 'beyond': [1449], 'lesion.16,27': [1451], 'onset': [1453, 3204], 'children': [1457, 1465, 3440, 3471], 'usually': [1461, 2841, 3441, 3668], 'earlier': [1462], 'disease.The': [1472], 'recurrent': [1473, 1505, 3702], 'microhemorrhages': [1474], 'nearby': [1480], 'deposition': [1481, 2084, 2240, 2610], 'gliosis': [1485], 'inflammation': [1487], 'believed': [1492], 'patients.16': [1501], 'risk': [1503, 1532, 1543, 1556, 1564, 1576, 1590, 1602, 1634, 1729, 1765, 1776, 2919, 2973, 3036, 3661, 3672, 3817], 'first': [1509, 1645, 2876, 2925], 'seizure': [1510, 2878, 2941, 2975, 3593, 3786], 'relatively': [1512], 'high': [1513], 'compared': [1518, 1910, 2562, 3265], 'general': [1521], 'population.27': [1522], 'Both': [1523], 'site': [1525, 3125], 'seem': [1528, 3296], 'correlate': [1530, 4069], 'hemorrhage;': [1534], 'deeper,': [1535], 'correlated': [1539], 'lesions,': [1546, 1758, 1769, 2232, 2527, 3685, 3731], 'increased': [1555, 1726, 1764, 2646, 3035], 'bleeding.7Studies': [1558], 'annual': [1562], 'ICH': [1563, 1575, 1589, 1605, 1648, 1722, 2801, 2904, 3638], '1.6%': [1566], '4.6%': [1568], 'sample': [1571], '1.4%': [1580], 'year.28': [1585], 'An': [1586, 3034], 'overall': [1587], '5-year': [1588], '15.8%': [1592], 'patients,': [1598, 2910], 'recurring': [1604], 'decreasing': [1606], 'year.29,30': [1610], 'This': [1611], 'clinically,': [1616], 'taken': [1619, 3224, 3343], 'into': [1620, 2109, 3344, 4054], 'consideration': [1621], 'deciding': [1623], 'right': [1625, 1795], 'strategies': [1627], 'patients.': [1630, 1890], 'main': [1633], 'factors': [1635, 1702, 1801, 2777, 3918], 'future': [1638, 2921], 're-bleed': [1639], 'episode': [1646], 'stem': [1652, 1680, 3795], '(hazard': [1654], 'ratio,': [1655], '5.6': [1656], '4.4,': [1658], 'respectively).30': [1659], 'Another': [1660], 'significant': [1666, 1754, 2961, 3847], 'predictor': [1667], 'previous': [1674], 'hemorrhage.7': [1675], 'When': [1676, 3185, 3326, 3435], 'left': [1677], 'untreated,': [1678], '2%': [1683], '60%': [1685, 2932], 'rates': [1687], 'hemorrhages': [1689, 2154], 'lead': [1693], 'complications': [1697], 'treated': [1699, 2935], 'surgically.16,27,30': [1700], 'Other': [1701, 1983], 'include': [1703, 1962, 2364, 2455, 3120, 4119], 'female': [1704, 3482], 'sex,': [1705], 'size': [1706, 2206], 'cavernoma,': [1709], 'its': [1711, 4116], 'number.29': [1712], 'seems': [1717], 'impact,': [1721], 'occurrence': [1723], 'lifetime': [1727], 'detected': [1732, 1941, 2429], 'younger': [1735, 3289], 'group': [1737, 3421], 'patients.27': [1740], 'obese': [1749], 'had': [1751, 1762], 'statistically': [1753], 'link': [1755], 'fewer': [1757], 'developing': [1767, 2014, 2618], 'hypertension': [1772], 'lesions.13Management': [1780], 'Patients': [1782], 'With': [1783], 'FCCMThe': [1784], 'management': [1785, 1827, 1880, 2947, 2989], 'complex,': [1791], 'determining': [1793], 'approach': [1797, 2853, 3475], 'depends': [1798], '(Figure': [1802, 2094, 2352, 2438], 'managed': [1807, 2842], 'conservatively': [1808], 'may': [1810, 1938, 2912, 3030], 'require': [1811, 3031, 3599, 3653], 'microsurgical': [1812], 'resection': [1813], 'stereotactic': [1815], 'radiosurgery.': [1816], 'Genetic': [1817, 3086, 3465], 'testing': [1818, 3466, 3502, 3526], 'counseling': [1820, 3229, 3508], 'play': [1821], 'vital': [1823], 'discussed': [1832, 3618], 'ahead.': [1833], 'represent': [1835], '5%': [1836], '15%': [1838], 'all': [1840, 3137, 3335, 3402, 3543], 'malformations,': [1843, 1864, 1866, 3309], 'therefore': [1845], 'should': [1846, 1961, 2363, 2454, 2815, 3059, 3222, 3243, 3388, 3467, 3495, 3616, 3626], 'distinguished': [1848], 'both': [1849, 2535, 2724], 'clinically': [1850, 2115, 3278], 'diagnostic': [1853, 2053, 3211, 3437], 'such': [1859, 1987, 2367, 2374, 2778, 2802, 3305, 3371, 3566, 3958], 'capillary': [1861], 'telangiectasias,': [1862], 'arteriovenous': [1865], 'tumors': [1868], '(hemangioblastomas),': [1869], 'Sturge-Weber': [1871], 'syndrome.16,27Download': [1872], 'figureDownload': [1873, 2295, 2499], 'PowerPointFigure': [1874, 2296, 2500], 'Flow': [1876], 'chart': [1877], 'showing': [1878], 'symptomatic': [1883, 3811], 'AED': [1891], 'antiepileptic': [1893, 2872, 2937, 3604, 3677], 'drug;': [1894], 'MRI,': [1896, 2266, 2586], 'magnetic': [1897, 1947, 2267, 2587, 2662], 'resonance': [1898, 1948, 2268, 2588], 'imaging.Imaging': [1899], 'Modalities': [1900], 'SurveillanceDiagnosis': [1902], 'challenge': [1908], 'diseases.': [1914], 'They': [1915, 3294], 'detectable': [1918], 'angiography': [1921, 1924], 'catheter': [1923], 'only': [1926, 2844], 'identify': [1927, 2568], 'potential': [1928, 3071, 3513, 3982], 'flow': [1931], 'CCMs.': [1934, 1958, 2412, 2650], 'Similarly,': [1935, 3788], 'small': [1936, 2249, 2390, 2555, 2836], 'computed': [1943], 'tomography': [1944], 'scan.16,27': [1945], 'Hence,': [1946], '(MRI)': [1950], 'modality': [1953, 2054], 'choice': [1955, 3531], 'evaluating': [1957, 3815], 'MRI': [1959, 1995, 2101, 2127, 2445, 2510, 3380, 3570, 3623], 'typical': [1963], 'T1-': [1964, 2035, 2067], 'T2-weighted': [1966, 2069], 'including': [1968, 1975, 3001, 3320, 4133], 'T2': [1969, 2076, 2312, 2350, 2514], 'FLAIR': [1970], 'T2*': [1972, 2396, 2434], 'sequences,': [1973], 'preferably': [1974], 'susceptibility-weighted': [1976, 2276, 2324, 2592], '(SWI)': [1978], 'similar': [1980, 2372], 'susceptibility-sensitive': [1981, 2365], 'sequence.': [1982], 'advanced': [1984], 'techniques': [1986, 2016, 2620, 2710, 2755], 'diffusion': [1989], 'tensor': [1990], 'task-based': [1993], 'functional': [1994, 3097], 'surgical': [2001, 2852, 2896, 2949, 3032, 3708, 3749, 3803], 'planning/navigation.': [2002], 'Dynamic': [2003], 'Contrast-Enhanced': [2004, 2594], 'Quantitative': [2005, 2009, 2595, 2598], 'Perfusion': [2006, 2596], '(DCEQP)': [2007, 2030], 'Susceptibility': [2010, 2376, 2599], 'Mapping': [2011], '(QSM)': [2012], 'recently': [2019, 2698], 'used': [2021, 2624, 2643, 2659, 2735, 3245], 'quantitatively': [2026], 'measure': [2027, 2645], 'permeability': [2029, 2648], 'iron': [2032, 2609, 2669, 2685], 'content': [2033, 2670, 2686], '(QSM).Conventional': [2034], 'T2-Weighted': [2037], 'MR': [2038, 2329], 'ImagingMRI': [2039], 'good': [2041], 'sensitivity': [2042], 'specificity': [2044], 'considered': [2049, 2403, 2914, 3628, 3807], 'choice.16,27,31': [2055], 'Larger': [2056], 'classic': [2061], 'heterogeneous': [2062], 'internal': [2063], 'signal': [2064, 2168, 2173, 2179], 'conventional': [2066, 2349, 2513], '(popcorn': [2071], 'appearance),': [2072], 'characteristic': [2075, 2111, 2305], 'hypointense': [2077, 2145, 2202, 2231, 2252, 2306, 2526], 'ring,': [2078], 'chronic': [2086, 3057], 'blood': [2087, 2244, 3768, 4055, 4105], 'breakdown': [2088], 'products': [2089], '(hemosiderin)': [2090], 'prior': [2092], 'hemorrhage/oozing31': [2093], '2).': [2095], 'Based': [2096], 'appearance': [2099], 'histopathology,': [2103], 'divided': [2108], '4': [2110], 'types': [2112], 'useful': [2116], 'predicting': [2118], 'hemorrhage32': [2119], '2).Table': [2121], '2.': [2122, 2297], 'Classification': [2123], 'HistopathologyLesionMR': [2129], 'SignalHistopathologyType': [2130], '1SE': [2131], 'T1:': [2132, 2166, 2184, 2210], 'Hyperintense': [2133, 2142], 'coreSubacute': [2134], 'hemorrhage,': [2135, 2828], 'surrounding': [2136, 2177], 'rim': [2137, 2180, 2203], 'hemosiderin-laden': [2139], 'macrophagesSE': [2140], 'T2:': [2141, 2171, 2198, 2219], 'core': [2143], 'coreType': [2146], '2Most': [2147], 'type-classic': [2149], 'popcorn': [2150], 'lesionLesions': [2151], 'loculated': [2153], 'thromboses': [2156], 'varying': [2158], 'enveloped': [2160], 'gliotic': [2162], 'tissue,': [2163], 'rimSE': [2165], 'Mixed': [2167, 2172], 'intensity': [2169, 2174], 'centrallySE': [2170], 'centrally': [2175], 'hypointense/low': [2178], 'bloomingType': [2182], '3SE': [2183], 'Hypointense': [2185, 2199], 'isointense': [2187], 'centrallyChronic': [2188], 'resolved': [2189], 'staining': [2193], 'lesionSE': [2197], 'blooming/magnifying': [2205], 'lesionType': [2208], '4SE': [2209], 'Not': [2211, 2220], 'seen': [2212, 2221], 'difficult': [2214, 2223, 3167], 'identifyMultiple': [2216], 'punctate': [2217], 'microhemorrhagesSE': [2218], 'identifyTiny': [2225], 'telangiectasiaT2*': [2228], 'GRE:': [2229], 'Punctate': [2230, 2525], 'black': [2233, 2528], 'dots': [2234, 2529], 'bloomingSmall': [2236], 'areas': [2237], 'possibly': [2242], 'intravascular': [2243], 'within': [2245], 'telangiectasias': [2246], 'lesionsSWI:': [2250], 'Punctuate': [2251], '(more': [2254], 'sensitive': [2255, 2344, 2385, 2551], 'GRE)CCM': [2257], 'GRE,': [2262, 2582], 'gradient': [2263, 2319, 2338, 2397, 2435, 2583, 3383], 'recalled': [2264, 2320, 2339, 2398, 2436, 2584, 3384], 'echo;': [2265, 2321, 2585], 'imaging;': [2269, 2589], 'SE,': [2270], 'spin': [2271], 'echo': [2272, 2340, 2399, 3385], 'MRI;': [2273], 'SWI,': [2275, 2323, 2591], 'imaging.': [2277], 'Adapted': [2278], 'modified': [2280], 'Zabramski': [2282], 'et': [2283, 2420], 'al32': [2284], 'permission.': [2286], 'Copyright': [2287], '©1994,': [2288], 'Association': [2291], 'Surgeons.Download': [2294], 'solitary': [2299, 2473, 2858], 'ring': [2307], '(A)': [2309, 2538], 'T2,': [2310], '(B)': [2311, 2511], '*GRE,': [2313], '(C)': [2315, 2516], 'SWI.': [2316], 'GRE': [2317, 2509, 2541, 2565], 'imaging.T2*': [2325], 'Gradient': [2326], 'Recalled': [2327], 'Echo': [2328], 'Imaging': [2330], 'SWIFCCM': [2332], 'demonstrated': [2335, 2426, 3889], 'T2*-weighted': [2337, 2508, 2540, 2564], 'smaller': [2346, 2519], 'sequences33': [2351], '3;': [2353], 'Figure': [2354], 'I': [2355, 3149], 'online-only': [2358, 2997, 3152], 'Data': [2359, 2998, 3153], 'Supplement).': [2360, 3154], 'Ideally,': [2361], 'SWI': [2369, 2428, 2456, 2502, 2537, 2547, 3387], '(Siemens)': [2370], 'Weighted': [2377], 'Angiogram': [2378], '(General': [2379], 'Electric),': [2380], 'even': [2383, 2554], 'detection': [2388], '(Type': [2391], 'IV)': [2392], 'standard': [2395, 2406, 3003], 'hence': [2401], 'gold': [2405], 'sequence': [2407], 'identifying': [2409, 2553], 'counting': [2411], 'FCCMs': [2416], 'De': [2418], 'Souza': [2419], 'al': [2421], '1.7×': [2430], 'echo34': [2437], '3).': [2439], 'It': [2440, 3859, 3936], 'recommended': [2442, 3580, 3682, 3728, 3792], 'suspected': [2447], 'and/or': [2451], 'spinal': [2452, 3310, 3430, 3642], 'cord': [2453, 3311], 'confirm': [2461], 'evaluate': [2465, 2823], 'DVAs.27': [2467], 'If': [2468, 2898, 3553], 'reveal': [2471], 'DVA,': [2478], 'likelihood': [2482], 'diagnosis': [2485, 2926], 'CCM,': [2488, 2827], 'though,': [2489], 'rarely': [2492], 'DVAs': [2496], 'well.3Download': [2498], '3.': [2501], 'far': [2504], 'superior': [2506], 'detect': [2518], 'type-IV': [2520], '(CCMs).': [2524], 'blooming': [2531], 'noticed': [2534], '(B).': [2542], 'figure': [2544], 'clearly': [2545], 'demonstrates': [2546], 'same': [2559], 'patient': [2561, 2783, 3232, 3484, 3555, 3631], 'except': [2573], 'micro': [2574], 'imaging.Dynamic': [2593], 'MappingTwo': [2600], 'fundamental': [2601], 'features': [2602], 'hyperpermeability': [2607], 'site.': [2613], 'DCEQP': [2614, 2634, 2729], 'QSM': [2616, 2651, 2690, 2731], 'quantitative': [2626], 'assessment': [2627], 'pathophysiological': [2630], 'phenomena': [2631], 'CCM.': [2633, 3858], 'T1-based': [2637], 'perfusion': [2638], 'technique,': [2639], 'multiecho': [2654], 'technique': [2655], 'quantify': [2661], 'susceptibility,': [2663], 'proportional': [2667], 'able': [2674], 'applied': [2677, 2760], 'CCM.35–37': [2679], '6%': [2681], 'threshold': [2682], 'increase': [2683, 3924], 'measured': [2688], 'suggested': [2693, 4109], 'biomarker': [2696], 'hemorrhagic': [2699], 'CCMs.38': [2700], 'strong': [2702], 'correlation': [2703], 'observed': [2706], 'measuring': [2712], 'different': [2713], 'end': [2714], 'points': [2715], 'biological': [2719], 'behaviors': [2720], 'CCMs,': [2722], 'suggesting': [2723], 'interrelated.39': [2727], 'Therefore,': [2728], 'potentially': [2733], 'objective': [2737], 'quantifiable': [2739], 'biomarkers': [2740, 4106, 4168], 'monitor': [2742], 'course': [2745, 3835], 'response': [2748], 'therapy': [2750], 'promising': [2753], 'currently': [2756], 'trials.37–40Follow-Up': [2763], 'ImagingFollow-up': [2764], 'guidelines': [2765], 'defined': [2771], 'dependent': [2774], 'upon': [2775], 'patient’s': [2781], 'insurance,': [2782], 'preferences,': [2784], 'treating': [2787], 'neurologist': [2788], 'surgeons': [2790], 'practice': [2791], 'standards.': [2792], 'new': [2796, 2826, 3019, 3187, 3203], 'neurological': [2797, 2807, 2847], 'suggestive': [2799], 'seizures,': [2804, 2870], 'headache,': [2805, 3635], 'changing': [2806], 'status,': [2808], 'FND': [2810, 3700], 'warrant': [2811], 'repeat': [2812], 'performed': [2817], 'soon': [2819], 'possible': [2821], 'edema.Conservative': [2830], 'ManagementPatients': [2832], 'nonaggressive': [2837], 'conservatively,': [2843], 'alleviating': [2845], 'symptoms,': [2848], 'while': [2849, 2881], 'aggressive': [2851, 3262, 3834], 'restricted': [2855], 'mostly': [2861, 3175], 'disease.In': [2867], 'case': [2868, 3009], 'generally': [2871, 3422], 'drugs': [2873, 2938, 3605], 'CCM-related': [2877, 2928, 3761], 'indicated,': [2880], 'intractable': [2882], 'epilepsy': [2883, 3598], 'related': [2884], 'specific': [2887], 'cavernoma': [2888], 'proven': [2889], 'prolonged': [2891], 'EEG': [2892], 'requires': [2893], 'evaluation': [2894, 3227], 'resection.16': [2897], 'secondary': [2902], 'noncompliant': [2909], 'surgery': [2911, 3725, 3789], 'early': [2915, 3748, 3819], 'avoid': [2917, 3060], 'further': [2918, 3226], 'ICH.27': [2922], 'After': [2923], 'epilepsy,': [2929], '≈50%': [2930], 'will': [2939, 4066, 4080], 'become': [2940, 3722], 'free.41': [2942], 'comparing': [2945], 'conservative': [2946, 2985], 'versus': [2948], '43': [2952], 'nonrefractory': [2955], 'did': [2957], 'find': [2959], 'difference': [2962], 'approaches.42': [2966], 'very': [2968, 3654], 'low': [2969], '(<1%': [2970], 'year)': [2972], 'incidental': [2977], 'justifies': [2981], 'adoption': [2983], 'approach.1,26,41': [2986], 'However,': [2987, 3456, 3659, 3707, 3746, 3802], 'debatable': [2991], 'various': [2993], 'experts': [2994], '(see': [2995], 'Supplement).For': [2999], 'migraines,': [3002], 'medical': [3004, 3493], 'applied.': [3007], 'severe,': [3011], 'persistent,': [3012], 'progressive': [3014], 'accompanying': [3018, 3292], 'deteriorating': [3021], 'FND,': [3022, 3644], 'urgent': [3024], 'indicated': [3028], 'intervention.16': [3033], 'NSAIDs': [3043], 'like': [3044, 4152, 4178], 'ibuprofen,': [3045], 'naproxen,': [3046], 'aspirin;': [3048], 'therefore,': [3049], 'acute': [3055, 3634], 'pain': [3058], 'medications': [3062], 'substitute': [3064], 'appropriate': [3066, 3537], 'alternatives.16': [3067], 'Because': [3068], 'addiction': [3070], 'association': [3073], 'rebound': [3075], 'headaches,': [3076], 'use': [3078], 'narcotic': [3080], 'analgesics': [3081], 'discouraged.Role': [3084], 'Testing': [3087], 'CounselingAs': [3089], 'discussed,': [3090], 'loss': [3098], '(KRIT1),': [3106], '(MGC4607),': [3108], '(PDCD10).5,16–18': [3111], 'somatic': [3113], 'frameshift,': [3121], 'nonsense,': [3122], 'splice': [3124], 'stop': [3129], 'codon': [3130], 'dysfunctional': [3132], 'mRNA.': [3133], 'About': [3134], '20%': [3135], 'display': [3142, 3298, 3831], 'inheritance': [3146], 'pattern3,16,18': [3147], 'Incomplete': [3155], 'penetrance': [3156], 'inconsistent': [3158], 'families': [3164], 'makes': [3165], 'it': [3166, 3327, 3535], 'accurately': [3169], 'estimate': [3170], 'risks.5': [3172], 'positive': [3182, 3355], 'family': [3183, 3191, 3356, 3511], 'history.': [3184], 'diagnosed,': [3190], 'history': [3192], 'must': [3193, 3340, 3755, 3779], 'enumerated': [3195], 'up': [3196], 'third': [3198], 'generation,': [3199], 'focus': [3201], 'manifestations': [3207, 3304], 'evidence': [3209], 'imaging.16,27': [3212], 'consultation': [3214], 'geneticist': [3218], 'counselor': [3221], 'family.': [3237], 'NextGen': [3238], 'Sanger': [3240], 'analysis': [3242, 3249], 'along': [3246, 3606], 'deletion/duplication': [3248], '1–3': [3253], 'genes.5,16,27The': [3254], '(PDCD10)': [3256], 'behavior': [3263], '(KRIT1)': [3268], '(MGC4607)': [3271], 'mutations.': [3272], 'spontaneous,': [3277], 'severe': [3282, 3633], 'course,': [3284], 'manifest': [3286], 'frequently': [3291], 'ICH.43': [3293], 'close': [3299, 3655], 'relation': [3300], 'cutaneous': [3307], 'cavernomas,': [3312], 'scoliosis,': [3313], 'benign': [3315], 'tumor': [3319], 'meningioma,': [3321], 'astrocytoma,': [3322], 'vestibular': [3324], 'schwannoma.43': [3325], 'comes': [3328], 'individuals,': [3334], 'ethical': [3336], 'issues': [3337, 3545], 'concerns': [3339], 'carefully': [3341, 3814], 'consideration.': [3345], '>5%': [3347], 'history,': [3357], 'no': [3358], 'variant': [3360], 'genes.16': [3369], 'assumption': [3374], 'made': [3378, 3851], 'offered': [3390], 'siblings,': [3392], 'offsprings,': [3393], 'parents.Considerations': [3395], 'Pediatric': [3397], 'CCMsNearly': [3398], 'quarter': [3400], 'occur': [3408], 'pediatric': [3411], 'population,': [3412], 'literature': [3417], 'reporting': [3423], 'particular': [3425], 'location': [3426], 'stem,': [3429], 'cord,': [3431, 3643], 'basal': [3433], 'ganglia.18,44': [3434], 'doing': [3436], '<6': [3442], 'disorders,': [3447], 'sedation': [3448], 'given': [3451], 'obtain': [3453], 'accurate': [3454], 'results.': [3455], 'expose': [3459], 'them': [3460, 3547], 'additional': [3463], 'risk.': [3464], 'done': [3469], 'before': [3472, 3550, 3573, 3577, 3621], 'selecting': [3473], 'treatment.Considerations': [3478], 'PregnancyIf': [3480], 'planning': [3489], 'pregnancy,': [3491, 3505, 3564, 3680], 'practitioner': [3494], 'discuss': [3496, 3500, 3510, 3542], 'preimplantation': [3497], 'testing,': [3499], 'prenatal': [3501, 3525], 'high-risk': [3504], 'offer': [3507], 'planning,': [3512], 'risks': [3514, 3609], 'offspring,': [3516], 'reproductive': [3518], 'option.': [3519], 'Even': [3520], 'though': [3521, 3714], 'decisions': [3523], 'regarding': [3524], 'entirely': [3527], 'depend': [3528], 'couple,': [3534], 'doctor': [3540], 'detail': [3549, 3620], 'pregnancy.': [3552, 3658], 'couple': [3557], 'decide': [3558], 'move': [3560], 'ahead': [3561], 'cases,': [3567, 3689, 3713], 'baseline': [3569], 'year': [3572], 'birth': [3574], '(few': [3575], 'months': [3576], 'conception)': [3578], 'determine': [3582], 'lesions.16,45Compared': [3587], 'pregnant': [3589, 3595], 'disorder,': [3594], 'closer': [3600], 'neurology': [3601], 'follow-up.16': [3602], 'Appropriate': [3603], 'benefits': [3611], 'folic': [3613], 'acid': [3614], 'supplementation': [3615], 'conception.': [3622], 'contrast': [3625], 'if': [3629], 'experiences': [3632], 'migraine,': [3636], 'worsening': [3646], 'pregnancy.27': [3650], 'Such': [3651], 'observation': [3656], 'untreated': [3664], 'maternal': [3665], 'epileptic': [3666, 3753], 'disorder': [3667], 'outweighs': [3669], 'adverse': [3671], 'fetus': [3675], 'making': [3676], 'coverage': [3678], 'practice.16Neurosurgical': [3683], 'ManagementSolitary': [3684], 'surgically': [3692], 'removed': [3693, 3782], 'refractory': [3697, 3760], 'bleeding': [3703], 'mass': [3705], 'effect.': [3706], 'intervention': [3709, 3750, 3804], 'multifocal': [3711], 'controversial,': [3715], 'justifiable': [3718], 'symptomatic.16': [3723], 'Generally,': [3724], 'particularly': [3732], 'eloquent': [3736], 'region,': [3737], 'deep': [3739], 'brain,': [3740], 'stem.': [3745], 'deliberated': [3757], 'medically': [3759], 'epilepsy.27,41': [3762], 'At': [3763], 'surgery,': [3764], 'removal': [3765], 'stained': [3769], 'golden': [3770], 'margin': [3771], 'appearing': [3777], 'lessen': [3784], 'incidence.': [3787], 'disabling': [3800], 'bleed.27': [3801], 'following': [3808], 'postsurgical': [3820], 'outcome': [3821], 'influencing': [3822], 'quality': [3824], 'life': [3826], 'because': [3827], 'future.27Recent': [3837], 'Update': [3838], 'ApproachesMolecular': [3841], 'PathogenesisIn': [3842], 'last': [3844], 'few': [3845], 'years,': [3846], 'advances': [3848], 'toward': [3852, 4083], 'now': [3861], 'understood': [3862], 'binds': [3867], 'MEKK3,': [3868], 'protein-kinase': [3871], 'essential': [3872], 'through': [3876, 4043], 'direct': [3878], 'MEKK3.46,47': [3883], 'mouse': [3885], 'models': [3887], 'counteractively': [3894], 'MEKK3': [3896, 3908, 3994, 4008, 4030], 'signaling.48': [3897], 'Loss': [3898], 'results': [3902, 4079], 'signaling,': [3909], 'consequently': [3910], 'pathological': [3913], 'overexpression': [3914], 'downstream': [3916, 3949], 'transcription': [3917], 'KLF2': [3919], 'KLF4': [3921], 'activity,': [3927], 'comprising': [3928], 'formation.49,50': [3935], 'remains': [3937], 'unclear': [3938], 'how': [3939], 'KLF2/4': [3943], 'expression': [3944], 'causes': [3945], 'although': [3948], 'effectors': [3950], 'MEKK3-KLF2/4': [3953, 3973], 'proposed': [3957], 'THBS1': [3960], '(thrombospondin-1),': [3961], 'ADAMTS-metalloproteases,': [3962], 'BMP6,': [3963], 'mesenchymal': [3967], 'transition.49–52': [3968], 'Continued': [3969], 'investigation': [3970], 'fully': [3978], 'leverage': [3979], 'translational': [3981, 4058], 'causal': [3985], 'mechanism.Gut': [3987], 'MicrobiomeIf': [3988], 'negatively': [3992], 'prevent': [4000], 'what': [4002], 'upstream': [4005], 'activators': [4006], 'context': [4011], 'disease?': [4013], 'unexpectedly': [4017], 'TLR4': [4021, 4039], '(Toll-like': [4022], '4)': [4024], 'potent': [4027], 'driver': [4028], 'activation': [4040], 'likely': [4041], 'occurs': [4042], 'leak': [4045], 'lipopolysaccharide,': [4047], 'derived': [4048], 'gut': [4050, 4073, 4087], 'commensal': [4051], 'gram-negative': [4052], 'bacteria,': [4053], 'circulation.53': [4056], 'involving': [4060], 'underway': [4064], 'attempt': [4067], 'variations': [4070], 'microbiome': [4074], 'burden.': [4077], 'critical': [4082], 'microbiome-based': [4088], 'therapies': [4089], '(eg,': [4092], 'fecal': [4093], 'transplant)': [4094], 'strategy': [4097], 'permanently': [4099], 'alter': [4100], 'risk.Plasma': [4102], 'BiomarkersRecently,': [4103], 'several': [4104], 'monitoring': [4111], 'severity': [4114], 'course.54–56': [4117], 'plasma': [4120], 'levels': [4121], 'calciferol': [4123], '(25-hydroxyvitamin': [4124], 'D)': [4125], 'non-HDL': [4127], '(high-density': [4128], 'lipoprotein)': [4129], 'cholesterol;': [4130], 'inflammatory': 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