Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2922100653', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz036', 'title': 'The Return to Protectionism*', 'display_name': 'The Return to Protectionism*', 'publication_year': 2019, 'publication_date': '2019-10-29', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2922100653', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz036', 'mag': '2922100653'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz036', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-pdf/135/1/1/32526166/qjz036.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S203860005', 'display_name': 'The Quarterly Journal of Economics', 'issn_l': '0033-5533', 'issn': ['0033-5533', '1531-4650'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-pdf/135/1/1/32526166/qjz036.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5079289076', 'display_name': 'Pablo Fajgelbaum', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1321305853', 'display_name': 'National Bureau of Economic Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04grmx538', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1321305853']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I161318765', 'display_name': 'University of California, Los Angeles', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/046rm7j60', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I161318765']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Pablo D Fajgelbaum', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of California, Los Angeles, and National Bureau of Economic Research'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of California, Los Angeles, and National Bureau of Economic Research', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1321305853', 'https://openalex.org/I161318765']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5036094586', 'display_name': 'Pinelopi Goldberg', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1321305853', 'display_name': 'National Bureau of Economic Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04grmx538', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1321305853']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I55633929', 'display_name': 'World Bank Group', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02md09461', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I55633929']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Pinelopi K Goldberg', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Yale University, National Bureau of Economic Research, (on leave) and World Bank Group'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Yale University, National Bureau of Economic Research, (on leave) and World Bank Group', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1321305853', 'https://openalex.org/I55633929']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110885228', 'display_name': 'Patrick Kennedy', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I95457486', 'display_name': 'University of California, Berkeley', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01an7q238', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I95457486']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Patrick J Kennedy', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of California, Berkeley'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of California, Berkeley', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I95457486']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110770393', 'display_name': 'Amit Khandelwal', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1321305853', 'display_name': 'National Bureau of Economic Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04grmx538', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1321305853']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Amit K Khandelwal', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Columbia University and National Bureau of Economic Research'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Columbia University and National Bureau of Economic Research', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1321305853']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5110770393'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1321305853'], 'apc_list': {'value': 6977, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 6977, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 96.796, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 470, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999922, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '135', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '1', 'last_page': '55'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10128', 'display_name': 'Global trade and economics', 'score': 0.9988, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2000', 'display_name': 'General Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10128', 'display_name': 'Global trade and economics', 'score': 0.9988, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2000', 'display_name': 'General Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11770', 'display_name': 'Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth', 'score': 0.9951, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10007', 'display_name': 'Monetary Policy and Economic Impact', 'score': 0.9801, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2000', 'display_name': 'General Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/protectionism', 'display_name': 'Protectionism', 'score': 0.84806585}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/balance-of-trade', 'display_name': 'Balance of trade', 'score': 0.43668115}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C22241219', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179073', 'display_name': 'Protectionism', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.84806585}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776060655', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52389', 'display_name': 'Tariff', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.69469583}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6827328}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18547055', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417', 'display_name': 'International economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6005718}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C195487862', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210', 'display_name': 'Revenue', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.57347757}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C103382277', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282640', 'display_name': 'General equilibrium theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4901112}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C155202549', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803', 'display_name': 'International trade', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.46452722}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C22674136', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192796', 'display_name': 'Balance of trade', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43668115}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C35532855', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200435', 'display_name': 'Free trade', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41878304}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139719470', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680', 'display_name': 'Macroeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1244618}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121955636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214', 'display_name': 'Accounting', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz036', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-pdf/135/1/1/32526166/qjz036.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S203860005', 'display_name': 'The Quarterly Journal of Economics', 'issn_l': '0033-5533', 'issn': ['0033-5533', '1531-4650'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz036', 'pdf_url': 'https://academic.oup.com/qje/article-pdf/135/1/1/32526166/qjz036.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S203860005', 'display_name': 'The Quarterly Journal of Economics', 'issn_l': '0033-5533', 'issn': ['0033-5533', '1531-4650'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648', 'host_organization_name': 'Oxford University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311647', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311648'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oxford', 'Oxford University Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 71, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1488792619', 'https://openalex.org/W1505031008', 'https://openalex.org/W1548599196', 'https://openalex.org/W1592920029', 'https://openalex.org/W1942758002', 'https://openalex.org/W1968683556', 'https://openalex.org/W2025024305', 'https://openalex.org/W2082839717', 'https://openalex.org/W2084308516', 'https://openalex.org/W2097916756', 'https://openalex.org/W2101520586', 'https://openalex.org/W2103935263', 'https://openalex.org/W2107223856', 'https://openalex.org/W2108031289', 'https://openalex.org/W2116242964', 'https://openalex.org/W2124933622', 'https://openalex.org/W2127936559', 'https://openalex.org/W2128275355', 'https://openalex.org/W2132667021', 'https://openalex.org/W2135296617', 'https://openalex.org/W2145542433', 'https://openalex.org/W2152065848', 'https://openalex.org/W2156660633', 'https://openalex.org/W2156850763', 'https://openalex.org/W2172996358', 'https://openalex.org/W2184591113', 'https://openalex.org/W2185921993', 'https://openalex.org/W2527526864', 'https://openalex.org/W2579648655', 'https://openalex.org/W2750203243', 'https://openalex.org/W2752061982', 'https://openalex.org/W2792333621', 'https://openalex.org/W2794463180', 'https://openalex.org/W2895627039', 'https://openalex.org/W2905859890', 'https://openalex.org/W2924630579', 'https://openalex.org/W2943687496', 'https://openalex.org/W2950514373', 'https://openalex.org/W2954686104', 'https://openalex.org/W3006342756', 'https://openalex.org/W3021822145', 'https://openalex.org/W3023877969', 'https://openalex.org/W3025037082', 'https://openalex.org/W3037412204', 'https://openalex.org/W3121274513', 'https://openalex.org/W3121855595', 'https://openalex.org/W3122977567', 'https://openalex.org/W3123039674', 'https://openalex.org/W3123245072', 'https://openalex.org/W3123246357', 'https://openalex.org/W3123486009', 'https://openalex.org/W3123550433', 'https://openalex.org/W3124383408', 'https://openalex.org/W3124720144', 'https://openalex.org/W3125034490', 'https://openalex.org/W3125071254', 'https://openalex.org/W3125207107', 'https://openalex.org/W3125276063', 'https://openalex.org/W3125325282', 'https://openalex.org/W3125578684', 'https://openalex.org/W3125827946', 'https://openalex.org/W3126143478', 'https://openalex.org/W3133914592', 'https://openalex.org/W3152164346', 'https://openalex.org/W3181298122', 'https://openalex.org/W4211229288', 'https://openalex.org/W4250306699', 'https://openalex.org/W4297440425', 'https://openalex.org/W4299071012', 'https://openalex.org/W4398740875', 'https://openalex.org/W80006302'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W592631181', 'https://openalex.org/W3151058071', 'https://openalex.org/W2391894718', 'https://openalex.org/W2387425314', 'https://openalex.org/W2379117139', 'https://openalex.org/W2150060043', 'https://openalex.org/W2100081157', 'https://openalex.org/W2037938756', 'https://openalex.org/W2028996994', 'https://openalex.org/W1971441984'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'After': [1, 94], 'decades': [2], 'of': [3, 25, 46, 57, 78, 90, 114], 'supporting': [4], 'free': [5], 'trade,': [6], 'in': [7, 41, 86, 121, 132], '2018': [8], 'the': [9, 22, 31, 82, 91, 104, 126, 137, 143], 'United': [10], 'States': [11], 'raised': [12], 'import': [13], 'tariffs': [14, 37, 50, 58, 117], 'and': [15, 35, 43, 68, 99, 125], 'major': [16], 'trade': [17, 84], 'partners': [18], 'retaliated.': [19], 'We': [20, 80], 'analyze': [21], 'short-run': [23], 'impact': [24], 'this': [26], 'return': [27], 'to': [28, 59, 65, 101, 142], 'protectionism': [29], 'on': [30], 'U.S.': [32, 66, 92], 'economy.': [33, 93], 'Import': [34, 116], 'retaliatory': [36, 144], 'caused': [38], 'large': [39], 'declines': [40], 'imports': [42, 47, 72], 'exports.': [44], 'Prices': [45], 'targeted': [48], 'by': [49], 'did': [51], 'not': [52], 'fall,': [53], 'implying': [54], 'complete': [55], 'pass-through': [56], 'duty-inclusive': [60], 'prices.': [61], 'The': [62], 'resulting': [63], 'losses': [64], 'consumers': [67], 'firms': [69], 'that': [70, 129], 'buy': [71], 'was': [73, 109], '$51': [74], 'billion,': [75, 111], 'or': [76, 112], '0.27%': [77], 'GDP.': [79, 115], 'embed': [81], 'estimated': [83], 'elasticities': [85], 'a': [87], 'general-equilibrium': [88], 'model': [89, 127], 'accounting': [95], 'for': [96], 'tariff': [97], 'revenue': [98], 'gains': [100], 'domestic': [102], 'producers,': [103], 'aggregate': [105], 'real': [106], 'income': [107], 'loss': [108], '$7.2': [110], '0.04%': [113], 'favored': [118], 'sectors': [119], 'concentrated': [120], 'politically': [122], 'competitive': [123], 'counties,': [124], 'implies': [128], 'tradeable-sector': [130], 'workers': [131], 'heavily': [133], 'Republican': [134], 'counties': [135], 'were': [136], 'most': [138], 'negatively': [139], 'affected': [140], 'due': [141], 'tariffs.': [145], 'JEL': [146], 'Code:': [147], 'F1.': [148]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2922100653', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 122}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 121}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 86}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 70}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 42}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-27T04:22:43.653995', 'created_date': '2019-03-22'}