Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2920952394', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/479/1/012065', 'title': 'Direct leaching of rare earth elements and uranium from phosphate rocks', 'display_name': 'Direct leaching of rare earth elements and uranium from phosphate rocks', 'publication_year': 2019, 'publication_date': '2019-03-08', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2920952394', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/479/1/012065', 'mag': '2920952394'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/479/1/012065', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210189194', 'display_name': 'IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering', 'issn_l': '1757-8981', 'issn': ['1757-8981', '1757-899X'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083', 'host_organization_name': 'IOP Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311669', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Physics', 'IOP Publishing'], 'type': 'conference'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/479/1/012065', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5049927192', 'display_name': 'Nahhar Al Khaledi', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210129520', 'display_name': 'Ministry of Health', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/036njfn21', 'country_code': 'KW', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210129520']}], 'countries': ['KW'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'N Al Khaledi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Radiation Protection Department, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 16087, Mubarek Al Kabir Street, Sharq Al-Qadeseyah, Kuwait'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Radiation Protection Department, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 16087, Mubarek Al Kabir Street, Sharq Al-Qadeseyah, Kuwait', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210129520']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5071123879', 'display_name': 'Ahmed Taha', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4214-9247'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210091933', 'display_name': 'Nuclear Materials Authority', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00jgcnx83', 'country_code': 'EG', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210091933']}], 'countries': ['EG'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M Taha', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Nuclear Materials Authority, El-Maadi-Kattamiya Road, P.O. Box 530, Cairo, Egypt'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Nuclear Materials Authority, El-Maadi-Kattamiya Road, P.O. Box 530, Cairo, Egypt', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210091933']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5084069008', 'display_name': 'A. E. M. Hussein', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210091933', 'display_name': 'Nuclear Materials Authority', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00jgcnx83', 'country_code': 'EG', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210091933']}], 'countries': ['EG'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A Hussein', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Nuclear Materials Authority, El-Maadi-Kattamiya Road, P.O. Box 530, Cairo, Egypt'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Nuclear Materials Authority, El-Maadi-Kattamiya Road, P.O. Box 530, Cairo, Egypt', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210091933']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5107889257', 'display_name': 'El-Sayed Hussein', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210091933', 'display_name': 'Nuclear Materials Authority', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00jgcnx83', 'country_code': 'EG', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210091933']}], 'countries': ['EG'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'E Hussein', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Nuclear Materials Authority, El-Maadi-Kattamiya Road, P.O. Box 530, Cairo, Egypt'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Nuclear Materials Authority, El-Maadi-Kattamiya Road, P.O. Box 530, Cairo, Egypt', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210091933']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077724506', 'display_name': 'Adil El Yahyaoui', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210094396', 'display_name': 'National Centre for Nuclear Energy, Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00qyat195', 'country_code': 'MA', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210094396']}], 'countries': ['MA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A El Yahyaoui', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Centre National de l'Énergie, des Sciences et des Technique Nucléaires (CNESTEN), B.P. 1382, Route Principale, 10001 Rabat, Morocco"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Centre National de l'Énergie, des Sciences et des Technique Nucléaires (CNESTEN), B.P. 1382, Route Principale, 10001 Rabat, Morocco", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210094396']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5084600032', 'display_name': 'Nils Haneklaus', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I887968799', 'display_name': 'RWTH Aachen University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04xfq0f34', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I887968799']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'N Haneklaus', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['RWTH Aachen University, Kackertstr. 9, 52072 Aachen, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'RWTH Aachen University, Kackertstr. 9, 52072 Aachen, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I887968799']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 4, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5049927192'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210129520'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 8.83, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 22, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.988889, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 92, 'max': 93}, 'biblio': {'volume': '479', 'issue': None, 'first_page': '012065', 'last_page': '012065'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10973', 'display_name': 'Radioactive element chemistry and processing', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1604', 'display_name': 'Inorganic Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10973', 'display_name': 'Radioactive element chemistry and processing', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1604', 'display_name': 'Inorganic Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11740', 'display_name': 'Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis', 'score': 0.9963, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1906', 'display_name': 'Geochemistry and Petrology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10946', 'display_name': 'Radioactivity and Radon Measurements', 'score': 0.9956, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3614', 'display_name': 'Radiological and Ultrasound Technology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/36', 'display_name': 'Health Professions'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphorite', 'display_name': 'Phosphorite', 'score': 0.9084529}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphogypsum', 'display_name': 'Phosphogypsum', 'score': 0.8955651}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphoric-acid', 'display_name': 'Phosphoric acid', 'score': 0.68248177}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphate-minerals', 'display_name': 'Phosphate minerals', 'score': 0.67397964}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C30163351', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424327', 'display_name': 'Phosphorite', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9084529}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C34671766', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729386', 'display_name': 'Phosphogypsum', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8955651}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C555451288', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1098', 'display_name': 'Uranium', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.89235914}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C90982505', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16938886', 'display_name': 'Leaching (pedology)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.69647264}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776622989', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184782', 'display_name': 'Phosphoric acid', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.68248177}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C549924466', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3092395', 'display_name': 'Phosphate minerals', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.67397964}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777132085', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46220103', 'display_name': 'Phosphate', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6106494}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2983155866', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7294540', 'display_name': 'Rare earth', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43343574}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.41847688}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.39841217}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199289684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353', 'display_name': 'Mineralogy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.389586}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C206139338', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355', 'display_name': 'Raw material', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.21803737}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C191897082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467', 'display_name': 'Metallurgy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17939407}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.09036958}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159390177', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265', 'display_name': 'Soil science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.07417309}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159750122', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023', 'display_name': 'Soil water', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/479/1/012065', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210189194', 'display_name': 'IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering', 'issn_l': '1757-8981', 'issn': ['1757-8981', '1757-899X'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083', 'host_organization_name': 'IOP Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311669', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Physics', 'IOP Publishing'], 'type': 'conference'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/764167', 'pdf_url': 'https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/764167/files/764167.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401362', 'display_name': 'RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I887968799', 'host_organization_name': 'RWTH Aachen University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I887968799'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['RWTH Aachen University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/479/1/012065', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210189194', 'display_name': 'IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering', 'issn_l': '1757-8981', 'issn': ['1757-8981', '1757-899X'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083', 'host_organization_name': 'IOP Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311669', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320083'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Institute of Physics', 'IOP Publishing'], 'type': 'conference'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Life on land', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15', 'score': 0.5}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 29, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1978940138', 'https://openalex.org/W1980496938', 'https://openalex.org/W1981552514', 'https://openalex.org/W1992075694', 'https://openalex.org/W2000266213', 'https://openalex.org/W2003686030', 'https://openalex.org/W2005824640', 'https://openalex.org/W2008018897', 'https://openalex.org/W2015434834', 'https://openalex.org/W2018867916', 'https://openalex.org/W2024713872', 'https://openalex.org/W2035930483', 'https://openalex.org/W2048948106', 'https://openalex.org/W2052603233', 'https://openalex.org/W2072724194', 'https://openalex.org/W2075024649', 'https://openalex.org/W2082874241', 'https://openalex.org/W2095155413', 'https://openalex.org/W2120383433', 'https://openalex.org/W2162366851', 'https://openalex.org/W2325233725', 'https://openalex.org/W2339433720', 'https://openalex.org/W2438215380', 'https://openalex.org/W2561764911', 'https://openalex.org/W2765245058', 'https://openalex.org/W2775478184', 'https://openalex.org/W2785626231', 'https://openalex.org/W2794333709', 'https://openalex.org/W4235597132'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4285251379', 'https://openalex.org/W3172456166', 'https://openalex.org/W3008149882', 'https://openalex.org/W2909003712', 'https://openalex.org/W2387422674', 'https://openalex.org/W2376528332', 'https://openalex.org/W2151685295', 'https://openalex.org/W2059217132', 'https://openalex.org/W2048311804', 'https://openalex.org/W2035913972'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Phosphate': [0], 'rocks': [1, 94], 'can': [2], 'contain': [3], 'considerable': [4], 'amounts': [5], 'of': [6, 51, 88], 'accompanying': [7], 'uranium': [8, 30, 57, 89], 'and': [9, 31, 35, 47, 58, 71, 90, 109, 121], 'rare': [10], 'earth': [11], 'elements': [12, 18, 39, 64], '(REEs).': [13], 'Interest': [14], 'to': [15, 23, 55], 'extract': [16], 'these': [17, 38, 63], 'during': [19, 73], 'phosphate': [20, 93, 96, 110], 'rock': [21, 97, 111], 'processing': [22], 'mineral': [24], 'fertilizer': [25], 'is': [26, 40, 82, 85], 'given': [27], 'as': [28], 'both': [29], 'REEs': [32, 59, 91], 'are': [33, 119], 'valuable': [34], 'toxic.': [36], 'Recovering': [37], 'thus': [41], 'advantages': [42], 'from': [43, 65, 92, 112], 'a': [44, 105], 'resource': [45], 'conserving': [46], 'environmental': [48], 'protection': [49], 'point': [50], 'view.': [52], 'Past': [53], 'efforts': [54], 'recover': [56], 'focused': [60], 'on': [61], 'extracting': [62], 'the': [66, 113], 'intermediate': [67], 'products': [68], '(phosphoric': [69], 'acid': [70, 77], 'phosphogypsum)': [72], 'de-hydrate': [74], 'wet': [75], 'phosphoric': [76], 'production.': [78], 'Another': [79], 'approach,': [80], 'that': [81], 'discussed': [83], 'here,': [84], 'direct': [86], 'leaching': [87, 107], 'before': [95], 'processing.': [98], 'First': [99], 'successful': [100], 'lab': [101], 'scale': [102], 'experiments': [103], 'with': [104], 'selected': [106], 'reagent': [108], 'Abu': [114], 'Tartur': [115], 'mine': [116], 'in': [117], 'Egypt': [118], 'presented': [120], 'discussed.': [122]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2920952394', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-24T08:17:13.396330', 'created_date': '2019-03-22'}