Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2919961212', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20190234', 'title': 'Raising Capital from Heterogeneous Investors', 'display_name': 'Raising Capital from Heterogeneous Investors', 'publication_year': 2020, 'publication_date': '2020-02-28', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2919961212', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20190234', 'mag': '2919961212'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20190234', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S23254222', 'display_name': 'American Economic Review', 'issn_l': '0002-8282', 'issn': ['0002-8282', '1944-7981'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315912', 'host_organization_name': 'American Economic Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315912'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Economic Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/media/lancaster-university/content-assets/documents/lums/economics/working-papers/LancasterWP2018_021.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5005479172', 'display_name': 'Marina Halac', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1279858714', 'display_name': 'Center for Economic and Policy Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01vqjmx11', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1279858714']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I32971472', 'display_name': 'Yale University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03v76x132', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I32971472']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Marina Halac', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Economics, Yale University and CEPR (email: )'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Economics, Yale University and CEPR (email: )', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1279858714', 'https://openalex.org/I32971472']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5045735744', 'display_name': 'Ilan Kremer', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I197251160', 'display_name': 'Hebrew University of Jerusalem', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03qxff017', 'country_code': 'IL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I197251160']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I39555362', 'display_name': 'University of Warwick', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01a77tt86', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I39555362']}], 'countries': ['GB', 'IL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ilan Kremer', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Economics, School of Business Administration, and Federmann Center for the Study of Rationality, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and University of Warwick (email: )'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Economics, School of Business Administration, and Federmann Center for the Study of Rationality, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and University of Warwick (email: )', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I197251160', 'https://openalex.org/I39555362']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5003122157', 'display_name': 'Eyal Winter', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4318-1759'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I197251160', 'display_name': 'Hebrew University of Jerusalem', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03qxff017', 'country_code': 'IL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I197251160']}], 'countries': ['IL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Eyal Winter', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Economics, Management School, Lancaster University and Federmann Center for the Study of Rationality, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem (email: )'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Economics, Management School, Lancaster University and Federmann Center for the Study of Rationality, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem (email: )', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I197251160']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 3, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 5.871, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 40, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999983, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '110', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '889', 'last_page': '921'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12137', 'display_name': 'Existence and Dynamics of Monetary Equilibrium Models', 'score': 0.9977, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12137', 'display_name': 'Existence and Dynamics of Monetary Equilibrium Models', 'score': 0.9977, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11976', 'display_name': 'Application of Real Options in Investment Strategies', 'score': 0.9893, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2003', 'display_name': 'Finance'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10019', 'display_name': 'Corporate Governance and Financial Performance', 'score': 0.9888, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1402', 'display_name': 'Accounting'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-game', 'display_name': 'Stochastic game', 'score': 0.65951973}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/capital', 'display_name': 'Capital (architecture)', 'score': 0.5857143}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/investment', 'display_name': 'Investment (military)', 'score': 0.56106144}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/dividend-policy', 'display_name': 'Dividend Policy', 'score': 0.517807}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/investment-under-uncertainty', 'display_name': 'Investment Under Uncertainty', 'score': 0.509239}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/raising', 'display_name': 'Raising (metalworking)', 'score': 0.43963552}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.70235723}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C22171661', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074380', 'display_name': 'Stochastic game', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.65951973}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C83646750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893', 'display_name': 'Capital (architecture)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5857143}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C27548731', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272', 'display_name': 'Investment (military)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.56106144}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177562468', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182893', 'display_name': 'Dispersion (optics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5116863}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110121322', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811', 'display_name': 'Distribution (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.441554}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780589192', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7285140', 'display_name': 'Raising (metalworking)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43963552}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C556758197', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018', 'display_name': 'Monetary economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.41351762}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175444787', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072', 'display_name': 'Microeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40751255}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C106159729', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553', 'display_name': 'Financial economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33981436}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134306372', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754', 'display_name': 'Mathematical analysis', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2524010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087', 'display_name': 'Geometry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166957645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498', 'display_name': 'Archaeology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95457728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309', 'display_name': 'History', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 6, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20190234', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S23254222', 'display_name': 'American Economic Review', 'issn_l': '0002-8282', 'issn': ['0002-8282', '1944-7981'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315912', 'host_organization_name': 'American Economic Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315912'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Economic Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/media/lancaster-university/content-assets/documents/lums/economics/working-papers/LancasterWP2018_021.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/media/lancaster-university/content-assets/documents/lums/economics/working-papers/LancasterWP2018_021.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401271', 'display_name': 'RePEc: Research Papers in Economics', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I77793887', 'host_organization_name': 'Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I77793887'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/127769/1/LancasterWP2018_021.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/127769/1/LancasterWP2018_021.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401916', 'display_name': 'Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I67415387', 'host_organization_name': 'Lancaster University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I67415387'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Lancaster University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/131963/1/WRAP-raising-capital-heterogeneous-investors-Kremer-2020.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/131963/1/WRAP-raising-capital-heterogeneous-investors-Kremer-2020.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400665', 'display_name': 'Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I39555362', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Warwick', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I39555362'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Warwick'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/142435/1/HKW_2019.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/142435/1/HKW_2019.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401916', 'display_name': 'Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I67415387', 'host_organization_name': 'Lancaster University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I67415387'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Lancaster University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/aer.20190234.appx', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.aeaweb.org/doi/10.1257/aer.20190234.appx', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401271', 'display_name': 'RePEc: Research Papers in Economics', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I77793887', 'host_organization_name': 'Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I77793887'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/media/lancaster-university/content-assets/documents/lums/economics/working-papers/LancasterWP2018_021.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/media/lancaster-university/content-assets/documents/lums/economics/working-papers/LancasterWP2018_021.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401271', 'display_name': 'RePEc: Research Papers in Economics', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I77793887', 'host_organization_name': 'Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I77793887'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 21, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1491239794', 'https://openalex.org/W1513281941', 'https://openalex.org/W1592964615', 'https://openalex.org/W1967327921', 'https://openalex.org/W1970486807', 'https://openalex.org/W1995118028', 'https://openalex.org/W2031545250', 'https://openalex.org/W2050904362', 'https://openalex.org/W2056735639', 'https://openalex.org/W2058849606', 'https://openalex.org/W2078808258', 'https://openalex.org/W2146149209', 'https://openalex.org/W2184014039', 'https://openalex.org/W2259909495', 'https://openalex.org/W3121701465', 'https://openalex.org/W3123002740', 'https://openalex.org/W3123254945', 'https://openalex.org/W3124647015', 'https://openalex.org/W4245211983', 'https://openalex.org/W4252722653', 'https://openalex.org/W4298005629'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3121515329', 'https://openalex.org/W2953637500', 'https://openalex.org/W2394335041', 'https://openalex.org/W2375789983', 'https://openalex.org/W2369483988', 'https://openalex.org/W2365115328', 'https://openalex.org/W2142027349', 'https://openalex.org/W2107597046', 'https://openalex.org/W2046876016', 'https://openalex.org/W2019345893'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'A': [0], 'firm': [1, 25, 44], 'raises': [2], 'capital': [3, 17], 'from': [4], 'multiple': [5], 'investors': [6, 51, 69], 'to': [7], 'fund': [8], 'a': [9, 20], 'project.': [10], 'The': [11], 'project': [12], 'succeeds': [13], 'only': [14], 'if': [15, 59], 'the': [16, 24, 33, 39, 43, 45, 60, 63, 84], 'raised': [18], 'exceeds': [19], 'stochastic': [21], 'threshold,': [22], 'and': [23], 'offers': [26], 'payments': [27], 'contingent': [28], 'on': [29, 54], 'success.': [30], 'We': [31, 56], 'study': [32], 'firm’s': [34, 85], 'optimal': [35], 'unique-implementation': [36], 'scheme,': [37], 'namely': [38], 'scheme': [40, 49], 'that': [41, 58], 'guarantees': [42], 'maximum': [46], 'payoff.': [47, 86], 'This': [48], 'treats': [50], 'differently': [52], 'based': [53], 'size.': [55], 'show': [57], 'distribution': [61], 'of': [62, 97], 'investment': [64], 'threshold': [65], 'is': [66], 'log-concave,': [67], 'larger': [68], 'receive': [70], 'higher': [71, 78], 'net': [72], 'returns': [73], 'than': [74], 'smaller': [75], 'investors.': [76], 'Moreover,': [77], 'dispersion': [79], 'in': [80], 'investor': [81], 'size': [82], 'increases': [83], 'Our': [87], 'analysis': [88], 'highlights': [89], 'strategic': [90], 'risk': [91], 'as': [92], 'an': [93], 'important': [94], 'potential': [95], 'driver': [96], 'inequality.': [98], '(JEL': [99], 'D21,': [100], 'D86,': [101], 'G24,': [102], 'G32)': [103]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2919961212', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-17T20:19:55.498462', 'created_date': '2019-03-11'}