Repeat‐associated non‐ <scp>AUG</scp> translation in C9orf72‐ <scp>ALS</scp> / <scp>FTD</scp> is driven by neuronal excitation and stress

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Thomas Westergard; Kevin McAvoy; K. Russell; Xinmei Wen; Yu Pang; Brandie Morris; Piera Pasinelli; Davide Trotti; Aaron R. Haeusler
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3084, 3104, 3223, 3288, 3293, 3306, 3351, 3359, 3373, 3396, 3435, 3452, 3530, 3557, 3596, 3641, 3682, 3707, 3714, 3726, 3733, 3776, 3812, 3974, 3984, 4040, 4116, 4172, 4181, 4215], 'C9orf72-ALS/FTD': [11], 'is': [12, 996, 1003, 1031, 1615, 1648, 1760, 1778, 1801, 1835, 2081, 2106, 2327, 2332, 2342, 2409, 2715, 2720, 2745, 3081, 3410, 3477, 3491, 3503, 3571, 3783, 3968, 3978, 4219], 'driven': [13], 'by': [14, 46, 76, 106, 136, 166, 196, 226, 261, 296, 326, 356, 386, 416, 446, 476, 506, 541, 576, 776, 1564, 2269, 2303, 2687, 3128, 3201, 3561, 3842, 3941, 4122], 'neuronal': [15, 774, 932, 1748, 1927, 3459], 'excitation': [16], 'and': [17, 31, 61, 91, 121, 151, 181, 211, 246, 281, 311, 341, 371, 401, 431, 461, 491, 526, 561, 598, 610, 650, 668, 720, 761, 788, 812, 818, 869, 912, 957, 1002, 1015, 1076, 1132, 1160, 1181, 1272, 1276, 1300, 1382, 1471, 1484, 1486, 1540, 1555, 1592, 1625, 1643, 1679, 1717, 1744, 1800, 1855, 1907, 1916, 1925, 1959, 2007, 2020, 2177, 2184, 2237, 2244, 2282, 2330, 2387, 2415, 2452, 2471, 2512, 2538, 2544, 2635, 2718, 2764, 2786, 2843, 2851, 2864, 2905, 2930, 2936, 3014, 3063, 3208, 3300, 3428, 3449, 3455, 3484, 3486, 3494, 3500, 3505, 3514, 3517, 3544, 3606, 3608, 3632, 3684, 3709, 3720, 3728, 3766, 3800, 3863, 3909, 3917, 4053, 4065, 4072, 4143, 4209], 'stress': [18, 798, 1390, 1785, 1896, 1924, 1956, 3143], 'Thomas': [19, 21, 299, 301, 581], 'Westergard': [20, 22, 300, 302], 'Department': [23, 53, 83, 113, 143, 173, 203, 238, 273, 303, 333, 363, 393, 423, 453, 483, 518, 553], 'of': [24, 54, 84, 114, 144, 174, 204, 239, 274, 304, 334, 364, 394, 424, 454, 484, 519, 554, 603, 647, 657, 694, 701, 714, 722, 739, 756, 779, 807, 859, 893, 900, 914, 922, 939, 980, 1042, 1099, 1152, 1174, 1184, 1191, 1312, 1327, 1341, 1367, 1420, 1427, 1433, 1461, 1601, 1640, 1653, 1669, 1750, 1765, 1768, 1794, 1829, 1852, 1862, 1894, 1902, 1932, 1944, 1965, 1980, 1985, 1997, 2005, 2011, 2038, 2063, 2075, 2126, 2158, 2224, 2274, 2335, 2375, 2400, 2426, 2506, 2519, 2711, 2723, 2809, 2899, 2912, 3040, 3057, 3060, 3086, 3106, 3116, 3164, 3205, 3226, 3237, 3258, 3272, 3296, 3324, 3361, 3368, 3418, 3535, 3568, 3660, 3678, 3696, 3751, 3802, 3829, 3850, 3858, 3885, 3904, 3971, 4020, 4058, 4109, 4130, 4153, 4159, 4213], 'Neuroscience,': [25, 36, 55, 66, 85, 96, 115, 126, 145, 156, 175, 186, 205, 216, 240, 251, 275, 286, 305, 316, 335, 346, 365, 376, 395, 406, 425, 436, 455, 466, 485, 496, 520, 531, 555, 566, 604, 615], 'Jefferson': [26, 37, 56, 67, 86, 97, 116, 127, 146, 157, 176, 187, 206, 217, 241, 252, 276, 287, 306, 317, 336, 347, 366, 377, 396, 407, 426, 437, 456, 467, 486, 497, 521, 532, 556, 567, 605, 616], 'Weinberg': [27, 57, 87, 117, 147, 177, 207, 242, 277, 307, 337, 367, 397, 427, 457, 487, 522, 557, 606], 'ALS': [28, 58, 88, 118, 148, 178, 208, 243, 278, 308, 338, 368, 398, 428, 458, 488, 523, 558, 607, 1603], 'Center,': [29, 59, 89, 119, 149, 179, 209, 244, 279, 309, 339, 369, 399, 429, 459, 489, 524, 559, 608], 'Vickie': [30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 245, 280, 310, 340, 370, 400, 430, 460, 490, 525, 560, 609], 'Jack': [32, 62, 92, 122, 152, 182, 212, 247, 282, 312, 342, 372, 402, 432, 462, 492, 527, 562, 611], 'Farber': [33, 63, 93, 123, 153, 183, 213, 248, 283, 313, 343, 373, 403, 433, 463, 493, 528, 563, 612], 'Institute': [34, 64, 94, 124, 154, 184, 214, 249, 284, 314, 344, 374, 404, 434, 464, 494, 529, 564, 613], 'for': [35, 43, 65, 73, 95, 103, 125, 133, 155, 163, 185, 193, 215, 223, 250, 258, 285, 293, 315, 323, 345, 353, 375, 383, 405, 413, 435, 443, 465, 473, 495, 503, 530, 538, 565, 573, 614, 856, 907, 1010, 1127, 1345, 1825, 1837, 2221, 2370, 2380, 2395, 2474, 2568, 2642, 2654, 2772, 2867, 3011, 3093, 3179, 3192, 3252, 3379, 3593, 3794, 3855, 3954, 4063, 4176], 'University,': [38, 68, 98, 128, 158, 188, 218, 253, 288, 318, 348, 378, 408, 438, 468, 498, 533, 568, 617], 'Philadelphia,': [39, 69, 99, 129, 159, 189, 219, 254, 289, 319, 349, 379, 409, 439, 469, 499, 534, 569, 618], 'PA,': [40, 70, 100, 130, 160, 190, 220, 255, 290, 320, 350, 380, 410, 440, 470, 500, 535, 570, 619, 2242], 'USA': [41, 71, 101, 131, 161, 191, 221, 256, 291, 321, 351, 381, 411, 441, 471, 501, 536, 571, 620], 'Search': [42, 72, 102, 132, 162, 192, 222, 257, 292, 322, 352, 382, 412, 442, 472, 502, 537, 572], 'more': [44, 74, 104, 134, 164, 194, 224, 259, 294, 324, 354, 384, 414, 444, 474, 504, 539, 574, 3492, 4105], 'papers': [45, 75, 105, 135, 165, 195, 225, 260, 295, 325, 355, 385, 415, 445, 475, 505, 540, 575], 'this': [47, 77, 107, 137, 167, 197, 227, 262, 297, 327, 357, 387, 417, 447, 477, 507, 542, 577, 1342, 1383, 2643, 2666, 2729, 3193, 3217, 3273, 3672, 3746, 3955, 3981], 'author': [48, 78, 108, 138, 168, 198, 228, 263, 298, 328, 358, 388, 418, 448, 478, 508, 543, 578, 669], 'Kevin': [49, 51, 329, 331, 583], 'McAvoy': [50, 52, 330, 332], 'Katelyn': [79, 81, 359, 361, 585], 'Russell': [80, 82, 360, 362], 'Xinmei': [109, 111, 389, 391, 587], 'Wen': [110, 112, 390, 392, 1525, 1578, 3653], 'Yu': [139, 141, 419, 421, 589], 'Pang': [140, 142, 420, 422], 'Brandie': [169, 171, 449, 451, 591], 'Morris': [170, 172, 450, 452], 'Piera': [199, 201, 479, 481, 593], 'Pasinelli': [200, 202, 480, 482], 'Davide': [229, 233, 509, 513, 595], 'Trotti': [230, 234, 510, 514, 596], 'Corresponding': [231, 266, 511, 546], 'Author': [232, 267, 512, 547, 579], '[email': [235, 270, 515, 550, 629, 639], 'protected]': [236, 271, 516, 551, 630, 640], 'orcid.org/0000-0001-6338-6404': [237, 517], 'Aaron': [264, 268, 544, 548, 599], 'Haeusler': [265, 269, 545, 549, 600, 1292], 'orcid.org/0000-0001-5566-3707': [272, 552], 'Information': [580], 'Westergard1,': [582], 'McAvoy1,': [584], 'Russell1,': [586], 'Wen1,': [588], 'Pang1,': [590], 'Morris1,': [592], 'Pasinelli1,': [594], '*,1': [597, 601], '1Department': [602], '*Corresponding': [621, 631], 'author.': [622, 632], 'Tel:': [623, 633], '+1': [624, 634, 2143, 2344, 2747], '215': [625, 635], '955': [626, 636], '8416;': [627], 'E-mail:': [628, 638], '8630;': [637], 'EMBO': [641], 'Mol': [642], 'Med': [643], '(2019)11:e9423https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.201809423': [644], 'PDFDownload': [645], 'PDF': [646], 'article': [648], 'text': [649], 'main': [651], 'figures.': [652], 'Peer': [653], 'ReviewDownload': [654], 'a': [655, 692, 826, 852, 920, 977, 997, 1040, 1078, 1359, 1393, 1638, 1779, 1805, 1869, 1898, 2043, 2082, 2087, 2156, 2164, 2390, 2650, 2700, 2796, 2823, 2995, 3463, 3757, 3856, 3902, 4000, 4216], 'summary': [656], 'the': [658, 712, 718, 745, 751, 796, 819, 849, 857, 891, 981, 1005, 1027, 1090, 1149, 1153, 1172, 1182, 1187, 1192, 1229, 1264, 1302, 1328, 1346, 1353, 1368, 1421, 1425, 1459, 1466, 1474, 1480, 1508, 1567, 1619, 1746, 1761, 1832, 1853, 1863, 1945, 1954, 1978, 1988, 2052, 2061, 2067, 2076, 2108, 2113, 2121, 2127, 2133, 2139, 2150, 2169, 2190, 2208, 2215, 2225, 2228, 2271, 2275, 2289, 2316, 2336, 2359, 2371, 2376, 2396, 2401, 2410, 2417, 2427, 2438, 2479, 2504, 2513, 2553, 2619, 2673, 2712, 2724, 2731, 2739, 2762, 2765, 2773, 2791, 2810, 2829, 2872, 2897, 2906, 2945, 3001, 3022, 3058, 3061, 3074, 3087, 3094, 3101, 3107, 3152, 3162, 3206, 3224, 3238, 3253, 3259, 3265, 3277, 3284, 3294, 3311, 3315, 3362, 3376, 3389, 3397, 3404, 3415, 3419, 3426, 3473, 3489, 3498, 3501, 3536, 3562, 3566, 3615, 3658, 3697, 3752, 3777, 3813, 3834, 3890, 3945, 3964, 4016, 4021, 4044, 4056, 4101, 4110, 4117, 4123, 4126, 4150, 4154, 4163, 4173, 4182, 4186, 4204, 4211], 'editorial': [659, 663], 'decision': [660, 664], 'process': [661], 'including': [662, 1693, 1886], 'letters,': [665], 'reviewer': [666], 'comments': [667], 'responses': [670], 'to': [671, 674, 711, 830, 873, 890, 919, 953, 1197, 1223, 1239, 1317, 1424, 1617, 1629, 1682, 1783, 1790, 1803, 1878, 1936, 1962, 1993, 2066, 2112, 2149, 2181, 2219, 2241, 2257, 2264, 2311, 2349, 2467, 2529, 2562, 2566, 2577, 2664, 2695, 2737, 2752, 2784, 2860, 2921, 3025, 3161, 3173, 3177, 3575, 3598, 3670, 3690, 3735, 3744, 3787, 3987, 3998, 4007, 4049, 4087, 4185, 4223], 'feedback.': [672], 'ToolsAdd': [673], 'favoritesDownload': [675], 'CitationsTrack': [676], 'CitationsPermissions': [677], 'ShareFacebookTwitterLinked': [678], 'InMendeleyWechatReddit': [679], 'Figures': [680], '&': [681, 1548, 1721, 1845], 'Info': [682], 'Abstract': [683], 'Nucleotide': [684], 'repeat': [685, 703, 844, 881, 969, 1369, 1865], 'expansions': [686, 748, 1095], '(NREs)': [687], 'are': [688, 725, 1097, 2356, 2509, 2639, 2759, 2801, 2902, 3051, 3189, 3423, 3688, 3724, 3951, 4201], 'prevalent': [689, 1007], 'mutations': [690], 'multitude': [693], 'neurodegenerative': [695], 'diseases.': [696, 716, 837], '(RAN)': [699, 884, 1201], 'these': [702, 715, 908, 1730, 1758, 1909, 2000, 2253, 3325, 3369, 3611], 'regions': [704, 1600, 3939], 'produces': [705, 1479, 2021], 'mono': [706], 'or': [707, 771, 930, 1414, 1677, 1735, 1948, 1982, 2144, 2345, 2531, 2748, 2923, 3142, 3262, 3579, 3601, 3805, 4104], 'dipeptides': [708], 'that': [709, 767, 946, 1035, 1096, 1241, 1352, 1635, 1727, 1738, 1786, 1858, 1892, 1908, 1942, 1976, 2024, 2034, 2058, 2110, 2162, 2239, 2301, 2355, 2508, 2685, 2758, 2901, 3079, 3276, 3301, 3322, 3343, 3388, 3406, 3472, 3614, 3761, 4003, 4100, 4149, 4200], 'contribute': [710], 'pathogenesis': [713, 834, 866], 'However,': [717], 'mechanisms': [719, 1219, 1621, 1670, 1737, 1857, 2033], 'drivers': [721], 'RAN': [723, 737, 805, 887, 940, 962, 1810, 2222, 3531, 3661], 'not': [726], 'well': [727], 'understood.': [728], 'Here': [729], 'we': [730, 902, 1867, 1921, 1990, 2040, 2205, 3233, 3470, 4033, 4147, 4168], 'analyzed': [731, 2543, 2588, 2935, 2957], 'whether': [732, 3980], 'different': [733, 813, 1514, 2160, 3522, 3810], 'cellular': [734, 924, 1389, 1515, 1784, 1856, 1895, 1946, 2469, 2862, 3666, 4151, 4207], 'stressors': [735, 929, 1947, 1950], 'promote': [736], 'dipeptide': [740, 895, 1319], 'repeats': [741, 896, 1100, 1320], '(DPRs)': [742, 897, 1321], 'associated': [743, 882, 1038], 'with': [744, 803, 1039, 1430, 1588, 1596, 1969, 2086, 2298, 2358, 2361, 2487, 2583, 2595, 2609, 2682, 2761, 2825, 2953, 2966, 2980, 2997, 3100, 3140, 3144, 3218, 3310, 3375, 3393, 3403, 3462, 3480, 3548, 3628, 3633, 3872, 3926, 3963, 4038, 4082, 4113, 4136], 'G4C2': [746, 2480, 2524, 3804], 'hexanucleotide': [747, 998], 'C9orf72,': [750], 'most': [752, 1006, 2411, 4083, 4220], 'common': [753], 'genetic': [754, 1008], 'cause': [755], 'amyotrophic': [757, 1011], 'lateral': [758, 1012], 'sclerosis': [759, 1013], '(ALS)': [760, 1014], 'frontotemporal': [762], 'dementia': [763, 1018], '(FTD).': [764], 'We': [765, 1940, 3199, 3319], 'found': [766, 1032, 1941], 'activating': [768], 'glutamate': [769], 'receptors': [770], 'optogenetically': [772], 'increasing': [773], 'activity': [775, 933, 1928], 'repetitive': [777, 1926], 'trains': [778], 'depolarization': [780], 'induced': [781], 'DPR': [782, 823, 934, 1646, 1938, 2026, 2115, 2137, 2167, 2299, 2378, 2403, 2414, 2429, 2476, 2497, 2510, 2515, 2539, 2557, 2683, 2812, 2869, 2903, 2908, 2931, 3049, 3212, 3220, 3260, 3286, 3308, 3326, 3347, 3394, 3421, 3439, 3538, 3617, 3636, 3692, 3718, 3754, 3760, 3807, 3989, 4036, 4111, 4155, 4193, 4225], 'formation': [783, 1173], 'primary': [785, 1887, 2533, 2603, 2925, 2974, 3457, 3581, 3685, 3730], 'cortical': [786, 1915, 2534, 2604, 2926, 2975, 3458, 3582, 3686, 3710, 3731], 'neurons': [787, 811, 868, 1652, 1685, 1696, 1743, 1919, 3583, 3644, 3687, 3711, 3732], 'patient': [789, 1656, 1718, 3691], 'derived': [790], 'spinal': [791, 1917], 'motor': [792, 1599, 1695, 1918], 'neurons.': [793, 1888, 2535, 2927], 'Increases': [794], 'integrated': [797, 1955], 'response': [799, 918, 1250, 1781, 1957], '(ISR)': [800, 1958], 'were': [801, 947, 1991, 2542, 2647, 2820, 2934, 2992, 3171, 3303, 3853, 3866, 3912, 3920], 'concomitant': [802], 'increased': [804, 931, 937, 1680, 1900, 1937, 1963, 1970, 4102, 4224], 'DPRs,': [808, 1481, 1565, 2261], 'both': [809, 1157], 'cell': [814, 1552, 1884, 2304, 2421, 2688, 2805, 3523, 3527], 'lines.': [815], 'Targeting': [816], 'phosphorylated-PERK': [817], 'phosphorylated-eif2α': [820], 'complex': [821], 'reduces': [822], 'levels': [824, 935, 1237, 1432, 1586, 1594, 2300, 2684, 3115, 3136, 3150, 3157, 3221, 3309, 3541, 3723, 3849], 'revealing': [825], 'potential': [827, 1755, 3180], 'therapeutic': [828, 871, 1633, 3145], 'strategy': [829], 'attenuate': [831], 'DPR-dependent': [832], 'disease': [833, 865, 1049, 1080, 1557], 'NRE-linked': [836, 860, 875, 1130, 1138, 1641, 1809], 'Synopsis': [838], 'Through': [839], 'an': [840, 2100, 2362, 2488, 2881, 3227, 3297, 3969, 4114, 4170], 'ALS/FTD-linked': [841], 'C9orf72': [842, 982, 993, 1028, 1091, 1120, 1230, 1329, 1511, 1583, 1654, 1690, 1808, 1864, 1872, 2015, 2044, 2054, 2170, 2191, 2210, 2229, 2323, 2444, 2457, 2707, 2835, 2848, 3210, 3634, 3698, 3778, 3814, 3835, 3891, 3965], 'nucleotide': [843, 968], 'expansion': [845, 970], '(NRE)': [846, 971], 'mutation': [847, 972, 995, 1030, 1093, 1122, 1331, 2069, 2078], 'model,': [848], 'authors': [850], 'provide': [851, 2002], 'new': [853, 2003], 'mechanistic': [854, 1339, 1492], 'understanding': [855, 1851, 2004], 'role': [858, 1806], 'driving': [864], 'novel': [870], 'approaches': [872], 'reduce': [874, 1994], 'neurodegeneration.': [876], 'Different': [877], 'cell-types': [878], 'differential': [879], 'express': [880, 2163], 'non-AUG-dependent': [883, 1189, 1307, 1354, 1384, 1490, 1971, 2018, 2036, 2296, 2313, 2373, 2446, 2526, 2680, 2697, 2788, 2837, 2889, 2918, 3203, 3620, 3700, 3780, 3816, 3837, 3893], 'products.': [886], 'leads': [889, 1423], 'accumulation': [892, 913, 3970, 4212], 'toxic': [894], 'cells,': [899, 2252, 3245, 3460, 4042], 'which': [901, 1135, 1834, 2179, 3623], 'have': [903, 1036, 1094, 1220, 1513, 1686, 1804, 1911, 3158, 3624, 3769, 4075, 4195], 'measured': [904, 3877, 3913, 3921, 4121, 4169], 'long': [905, 1912, 3770, 3896, 4076, 4197], 'half-lives': [906, 3771, 4078, 4085, 4199], 'DPRs.': [909, 1998], 'The': [910, 1119, 1309, 1502, 1724, 2095, 2321, 2406, 2443, 2460, 2705, 2834, 2853, 3270, 3773, 3880, 3992], 'production': [911, 1183, 1901, 4226], 'DPRs': [915, 1464, 1505, 1751, 1903, 1910, 2023, 2226, 2800, 3266, 3335, 3358, 3595, 3681, 3768, 3819, 3831, 3852, 3887, 3973, 4068, 4074, 4084, 4214], 'increases': [916, 1386], 'spectrum': [921], 'stressful': [923], 'stimuli.': [925], 'In': [926, 1551, 1582, 1820, 1914, 2728, 3120, 3961, 4188], 'neurons,': [927, 1821], 'excitotoxic': [928, 1923, 1949], 'through': [936, 1186, 3053, 3809, 3833, 3889], 'usage': [938, 1385], 'mechanisms.': [942], 'FDA': [943], 'approved': [944], 'compounds': [945], 'previously': [948, 3433], 'administered': [949], 'clinical': [951], 'trials': [952], 'treat': [954, 1637], 'other': [955, 1043, 1129, 2134, 3549], 'neurological': [956, 1044, 1131, 1642], 'neuromuscular': [958, 1133, 1644], 'disorders,': [959, 1134], 'can': [960, 1269, 1305, 2384, 2781, 3762, 3839, 4004], 'modify': [961], 'cells.': [965, 3737], 'Introduction': [966], 'A': [967], 'was': [973, 2141, 2465, 2560, 2735, 2858, 3329, 3354, 3899], 'recently': [974], 'identified': [975, 2455, 2846, 4148], 'non-coding': [978], 'region': [979, 1268, 2057, 2326, 2710], 'gene': [983, 2056, 2325, 2709], '(DeJesus-Hernandez': [984, 1141, 1177], 'et': [985, 989, 1021, 1051, 1055, 1059, 1064, 1073, 1084, 1112, 1116, 1142, 1146, 1165, 1169, 1178, 1204, 1209, 1213, 1252, 1256, 1260, 1281, 1285, 1289, 1293, 1297, 1335, 1371, 1375, 1379, 1399, 1403, 1407, 1437, 1441, 1445, 1449, 1453, 1495, 1499, 1518, 1522, 1526, 1533, 1537, 1571, 1575, 1579, 1606, 1610, 1659, 1663, 1698, 1702, 1706, 1710, 1714, 1797, 1813, 1817, 1841, 2198, 2202, 3230, 3444, 3552, 3646, 3650, 3654, 4025, 4029], 'al,': [986, 990, 1022, 1052, 1056, 1060, 1065, 1074, 1085, 1113, 1117, 1143, 1147, 1166, 1170, 1179, 1205, 1210, 1214, 1253, 1257, 1261, 1282, 1286, 1290, 1294, 1298, 1336, 1372, 1376, 1380, 1400, 1404, 1408, 1438, 1442, 1446, 1450, 1454, 1496, 1500, 1519, 1523, 1527, 1534, 1538, 1572, 1576, 1580, 1607, 1611, 1660, 1664, 1699, 1703, 1707, 1711, 1715, 1798, 1814, 1818, 1842, 2199, 2203, 3231, 3445, 3553, 3647, 3651, 3655, 4026, 4030], '2011;': [987, 1144], 'Renton': [988, 1145], '2011).': [991, 3554], 'This': [992, 1456, 2049], 'NRE': [994, 1029, 1092, 1121, 1154, 1193, 1231, 1267, 1330, 1512, 1691, 1873, 2016, 2045, 2068, 2077, 2122, 2151, 2171, 2192, 2211, 2216, 2230, 2292, 2337, 2445, 2458, 2676, 2725, 2836, 2849, 3211, 3635, 3699, 3779, 3815, 3836, 3892], 'repeat,': [999], 'GGGGCCn': [1000], '(G4C2)n,': [1001, 1159], 'currently': [1004], 'association': [1009], 'frontal': [1016], 'temporal': [1017], '(FTD)': [1019], '(Majounie': [1020, 1050], '2012b;': [1023], 'Rademakers,': [1024], '2012).': [1025], 'Furthermore,': [1026, 3585], 'patients': [1034, 1088, 1227, 1333, 1604, 3962], 'symptoms': [1037], 'number': [1041, 1639, 2505, 2898], 'disorders': [1045], 'such': [1046], 'as': [1047, 1077, 1198, 1930, 2266, 2574, 3432, 3546, 3712, 4120], "Alzheimer's": [1048], '2012a;': [1053], 'Rollinson': [1054], '2012;': [1057], 'Kohli': [1058], '2013),': [1061, 2204], 'schizophrenia': [1062], '(Galimberti': [1063], '2014),': [1066, 1528, 3656], 'progressive': [1067], 'myoclonic': [1068], 'epilepsies': [1069], '(van': [1070, 1110], 'den': [1071], 'Ameele': [1072], '2018),': [1075, 1381], "Huntington's": [1079], 'phenocopy': [1081], '(Hensman': [1082], 'Moss': [1083], '2014).': [1086, 1581], 'Symptomatic': [1087], 'carrying': [1089, 1228], '100s–1,000s': [1098], 'length,': [1102], 'while': [1103, 4011], 'non-affected': [1104], 'individuals': [1105], 'typically': [1106], 'carry': [1107], '≤': [1108], '30': [1109], 'Blitterswijk': [1111], '2013;': [1114, 1207, 1211, 1283, 1287, 1373, 1439, 1520, 1524, 1573, 1661, 1700, 1704, 3648, 3652], 'Suh': [1115], '2015).': [1118, 1723, 4031], 'shares': [1123], 'pathophysiological': [1124], 'features': [1125, 2028, 2454, 2845, 3638], 'described': [1126], 'many': [1128, 1943], 'include': [1136], 'somatic': [1137], 'genome': [1139], 'instability': [1140], '2011);': [1148], 'bidirectional': [1150], 'transcription': [1151], 'locus': [1155], 'generating': [1156, 2155, 3331, 3356], 'sense,': [1158, 2290, 2674], 'antisense,': [1161], '(C4G2)n,': [1162], 'transcripts': [1163], '(Mori': [1164, 1494, 2197], '2013a;': [1167, 1497, 2200], 'Zu': [1168, 1498, 1521, 2201, 3649], '2013);': [1171], 'RNA': [1175, 1274, 1304], 'foci': [1176, 1275], '2011),': [1180], 'polypeptides': [1185], 'unconventional': [1188, 1310], 'region,': [1194], 'frequently': [1195, 3639], 'referred': [1196, 2263], 'repeat-associated': [1199], 'non-AUG-initiated': [1200], '(Zu': [1203, 1334, 1658, 3551], '2011,': [1206], 'Ash': [1208], 'Mori': [1212, 1288], '2013a).': [1215], 'Currently,': [1216], 'three': [1217, 1462, 2159, 3333, 3363], 'pathogenic': [1218, 2032], 'been': [1221, 1315, 1562, 1687, 1788], 'proposed': [1222], 'explain': [1224, 1745], 'neurodegeneration': [1225], 'mutation:': [1232], '(i)': [1233], 'Reduced': [1234], 'sense': [1235, 1271, 1348, 1467, 2128, 2372, 2713, 2732, 3048, 3207, 3307, 3345, 4064], 'transcript': [1236, 1349, 1478, 3114, 3125, 3135, 3149, 3540], 'lead': [1238, 1961], 'haploinsufficiency': [1240], 'results': [1242, 1457, 1728, 1890, 2001, 3271, 3612], 'altered': [1244], 'lysosomal': [1245], 'dynamics': [1246], 'and/or': [1247, 1395, 4206], 'compromised': [1248], 'inflammatory': [1249], "(O'Rourke": [1251], '2016;': [1254, 1377, 1443], 'Ji': [1255], '2017;': [1258, 1401, 1447, 1608, 1815], 'Shi': [1259, 1713], '2018);': [1262], '(ii)': [1263], 'bidirectionally': [1265, 1475, 1509, 2195], 'transcribed': [1266, 1476, 1510, 2196], 'form': [1270], 'antisense': [1273, 1477, 2209, 2231, 2740, 2774, 2874, 3209, 4066, 4073], 'sequester': [1277], 'essential': [1278], 'ribonucleoproteins': [1279], '(Donnelly': [1280, 1697], 'Lee': [1284, 1536], '2013b;': [1291], '2014;': [1295, 1535, 1577, 1708, 3446], 'Zhang': [1296], '2015);': [1299], '(iii)': [1301], 'repeat-containing': [1303], 'undergo': [1306, 2293, 2523, 2677, 2916], 'translation.': [1308, 1674, 1972, 2013], '(G4C2)n': [1313, 1347], 'has': [1314, 1350, 1561, 1787, 3996], 'shown': [1316, 1789, 3434, 3547], 'produce': [1318], 'all': [1323, 1428, 2352, 2755, 3043, 3289, 3332, 3594, 4191], 'open': [1324, 3290], 'reading': [1325, 3291], 'frames': [1326, 3292], '2013).': [1337, 1501], 'Recent': [1338], 'exploration': [1340], 'translational': [1343, 1434, 1763, 1776], 'phenomenon': [1344], 'suggested': [1351], 'initiates': [1356], 'predominantly': [1357, 3314, 3506], 'from': [1358, 1465, 1507, 1729, 1757, 2060, 2168, 2227, 2478, 2871, 3785, 3824, 4046], 'near-cognate': [1360, 1363], 'AUG': [1361, 2101, 3228, 3298], 'codon,': [1362, 1365, 2104], 'CUG': [1364], 'upstream': [1366, 1419, 1620, 1632], '(Todd': [1370, 1436], 'Kearse': [1374, 1440], 'Tabet': [1378, 1452], 'under': [1387], 'specific': [1388, 3095, 3972], 'triggers': [1391, 2010], 'cap-dependent': [1394], 'cap-independent': [1396], 'manner': [1397], '(Green': [1398, 1812, 3229], 'Cheng': [1402, 1448, 1816], '2018;': [1405, 1451], 'Sonobe': [1406], '2018).': [1409, 1455, 1612, 1819], 'Ribosomal': [1410], 'frameshifting,': [1411], '±': [1412, 2440, 2621, 2831, 3003], '1': [1413, 2281, 2656], '2': [1415, 1773], 'base': [1416, 2146, 2347, 2750], 'pairs,': [1417], 'immediately': [1418, 2328, 2333, 2716, 2721], 'NRE,': [1422, 3966], 'ORFs': [1429, 2354, 2369, 2757, 2771, 3370, 3811], 'varying': [1431, 3148], 'efficiency': [1435, 3182, 3533, 3659], 'Green': [1444], 'unique': [1463, 1504], 'transcript,': [1468], '(G-A)n,': [1469], '(G-P)n,': [1470], '(G-R)n.': [1472], 'Additionally,': [1473, 3066, 3384, 3519, 4146], '(P-A)n,': [1482], '(P-G)n,': [1483], '(P-R)n': [1485], 'may': [1487, 3663], 'share': [1488], 'similar': [1489, 3430, 3689], 'origins': [1493], 'five': [1503], 'generated': [1506], 'localizations': [1516], '(Ash': [1517, 3645], 'diverse': [1529], 'protein': [1530, 2098, 2277, 2492, 2884, 3995, 4009, 4023], 'interactomes': [1531], '(May': [1532], '2016),': [1539], 'show': [1541, 1891, 2500, 2893, 3703], 'distinct': [1542], 'physical': [1543], 'properties': [1544], 'vitro': [1546], '(Freibaum': [1547], 'Taylor,': [1549], '2017).': [1550], 'cultures,': [1553], 'Drosophila,': [1554], 'mouse': [1556], 'models,': [1558, 1692], 'severe': [1559], 'toxicity': [1560], 'demonstrated': [1563, 3275, 3387], 'particularly': [1566], 'arginine-rich': [1568], 'species': [1569, 3050, 4194], '(Mizielinska': [1570], 'Kwon': [1574], 'patients,': [1584], 'GP': [1585], 'correlate': [1587, 1595], 'C9': [1589, 1602, 2402, 2428, 2496, 2811, 3117, 3285, 3346, 3420, 3537, 3616, 4035, 4067], 'FTD': [1590], 'scores': [1591], 'GR': [1593, 2416, 3129, 3915, 3918, 4177], 'degeneration': [1597], '(Gendron': [1605], 'Saberi': [1609], 'Therefore,': [1613, 4032], 'it': [1614, 4179], 'important': [1616, 1836], 'understand': [1618], 'involved': [1622, 1671], 'triggering': [1624], 'initiating': [1626], 'identify': [1630], 'promising': [1631], 'opportunities': [1634], 'could': [1636, 2193, 3280, 3982], 'disorders.': [1645], 'pathology': [1647], 'primarily': [1649, 3478], 'observed': [1650, 3471, 3640], 'post-mortem': [1655], 'tissues': [1657], 'Schludi': [1662], '2015),': [1665], 'suggesting': [1666], 'neuron-specific': [1667, 2008], 'activation': [1668], 'Age-dependent': [1675], 'hyperexcitability': [1676], 'hypoexcitability': [1678], 'vulnerability': [1681], 'excitotoxicity': [1683], 'reported': [1688], 'patient-derived': [1694, 3642], 'Sareen': [1701], 'Wainger': [1705], 'Devlin': [1709], '2015;': [1712], '2018)': [1716], 'tissue': [1719], '(Wainger': [1720], 'Cudkowicz,': [1722], 'downstream': [1725, 2074, 2334, 2722], 'signaling': [1726], 'events': [1731, 1759], 'might': [1732], 'potentially': [1733, 3526], 'facilitate': [1734], 'activate': [1736], 'drive': [1739, 1859, 2035, 3021], 'predominant': [1747], 'localization': [1749, 2450, 2470, 2841, 2863, 3031, 3416, 3625, 3705, 3821], 'patients.': [1753, 2852], 'One': [1754], 'outcome': [1756], 'dynamic': [1762], 'regulation': [1764, 1777], 'phosphorylated': [1766], 'α-subunit': [1767], 'eukaryotic': [1769], 'initiation': [1771, 1893, 2103], 'factor': [1772], '(p-eif2α).': [1774], 'P-eif2α-dependent': [1775], 'key': [1780], 'element': [1782], 'increase': [1791, 4115, 4171], 'non-canonical': [1792], 'mRNAs': [1795], '(Chesnokova': [1796], '2017)': [1799], 'implicated': [1802], 'p-eif2α': [1822, 1986], 'also': [1823, 2206, 2632, 3320, 3934, 4098], 'allows': [1824], 'rapid': [1826], 'activity-dependent': [1827], 'alterations': [1828], 'proteins': [1830], 'at': [1831, 3508], 'synapse,': [1833], 'synaptic': [1838], 'plasticity': [1839], '(Costa-Mattioli': [1840], '2009;': [1843], 'Bellato': [1844], 'Hajj,': [1846], '2016).': [1847], 'To': [1848, 2029, 2130, 3215], 'further': [1849], 'our': [1850], 'molecular': [1854, 2009], 'expansion,': [1866], 'developed': [1868, 2042, 2310, 2694, 3010], 'non-AUG-translated': [1870], '(G4C2)188': [1871], 'Dendra2': [1874, 2331, 2360, 2461, 2719, 2763, 2854, 3062, 3080, 3102, 3168, 3390, 3753, 3774, 3994, 4045], 'fluorescent': [1875, 2046, 2272, 2318, 2540, 2558, 2564, 2702, 2890, 2932, 3007, 3023, 3440, 3591, 3721, 3759, 3846, 3882, 4047, 4060, 4127], 'reporter': [1876, 2047, 2276, 2308, 2404, 2430, 2447, 2498, 2692, 2813, 2838, 2891, 3008, 3024, 3045, 3076, 3097, 3118, 3213, 3241, 3261, 3287, 3327, 3348, 3422, 3441, 3539, 3618, 3701, 3781, 3838], 'construct': [1877, 2050, 2341, 2744, 3098, 3349, 3381], 'monitor': [1879, 2132, 2259, 2312, 2351, 2468, 2696, 2754, 2861], 'various': [1883], 'types,': [1885], 'Our': [1889], 'yields': [1897], 'concomitantly': [1899], 'via': [1904], 'half-lives.': [1913, 3897], '(sMNs),': [1920], 'demonstrate': [1922, 3133, 3147, 3798], 'act': [1929], 'promoters': [1931], 'leading': [1935], 'levels.': [1939, 2516, 2909, 3017], 'ultimately': [1951], 'converge': [1952], 'on': [1953, 3038, 3425, 4015, 4203], 'thereby': [1960], 'phosphorylation': [1964, 1979], 'eif2α': [1966, 1981], 'concert': [1968], 'Utilizing': [1973], 'FDA-approved': [1974], 'drugs': [1975], 'target': [1977], 'inhibiting': [1983], 'effects': [1984], 'ISR,': [1989], 'able': [1992], 'Together,': [1999, 3610], 'cell-': [2006], 'Results': [2014], 'undergoes': [2017], 'long-lived': [2022], 'recapitulate': [2025, 2449, 2840, 3704], 'model': [2027], 'investigate': [2030], 'possible': [2031], 'C9orf72-NRE,': [2039], 'first': [2041], 'construct.': [2048, 2405, 2431, 2556, 2814, 2948], 'contains': [2051], 'endogenous': [2053, 2322, 2706], '5ʹ': [2055, 2324, 2708], 'extends': [2059], 'beginning': [2062], 'exon': [2064], '1A': [2065], 'site': [2070, 2080, 2124, 2218], '(Fig': [2071, 2187, 2247, 3317, 3382, 3400, 3468, 4051, 4069, 4092, 4141], '1A).': [2072, 2188], 'Immediately': [2073], 'insertion': [2079, 2123, 2152, 2217, 2338, 2726], 'photoconvertible': [2083, 2317, 2701, 3784, 3993], 'protein,': [2084, 2319, 2703], 'Dendra2,': [2085], 'C-terminal': [2088, 2165], 'human': [2089], 'influenza': [2090], 'hemagglutinin': [2091], '(HA)': [2092], 'affinity': [2093, 2365, 2767, 3256], 'tag.': [2094, 2366, 2768], 'Dendra2-HA': [2096, 2140, 2279, 3377], 'fusion': [2097, 2464, 2491, 2857, 2883], 'lacks': [2099], 'but': [2105, 3657, 3976], 'ORF': [2109, 2174, 2234, 2408, 3059, 3096, 3313, 3427], 'corresponds': [2111], '(GA)': [2114, 2407], 'when': [2116, 4178], 'translating': [2117], '(G4C2)˜188': [2118, 2136, 2172], 'placed': [2119], 'out': [2125], 'strand.': [2129], 'fluorescently': [2131, 2350, 2753], 'two': [2135], 'ORFs,': [2138, 3364], 'shifted': [2142], '+2': [2145, 2346, 2749], 'pairs': [2147, 2348, 2751], 'relative': [2148, 2576, 3590], 'site,': [2153], 'thus': [2154], 'total': [2157, 3857, 3903], 'constructs': [2161, 2254, 2287, 2309, 2448, 2499, 2671, 2693, 2839, 2892, 3009, 3077, 3242, 3328, 3702, 3782], 'fluorescent-tagged': [2166], '1,': [2175, 2235], '2,': [2176, 2236], '3,': [2178, 3871], 'correspond': [2180, 2240], 'GA,': [2182], 'GP,': [2183], 'GR,': [2185], 'respectively': [2186, 2246], 'Because': [2189], 'be': [2194, 2385, 2782, 3281, 3372, 3763, 3840, 3983, 3999, 4005, 4088], 'inserted': [2207], 'transcripts,': [2212], '(C4G2)˜188,': [2213, 2675], 'into': [2214, 3243], 'allow': [2220, 2255], 'strand': [2232, 2481, 2875], '3': [2238, 3925], 'PG,': [2243], 'PR,': [2245], 'EV1A).': [2248], 'When': [2249], 'transfected': [2250, 3235, 3350, 3437], 'us': [2256], 'systematically': [2258], 'translated': [2260, 2477, 2870, 3083, 3222, 3680], 'collectively': [2262], 'hereafter': [2265], 'C9-DPR': [2267, 3240], 'reporters,': [2268], 'quantifying': [2270], 'intensity': [2273, 2473, 2541, 2559, 2565, 2866, 2933, 3592, 3722, 3883, 4061], 'tag': [2278, 2399, 2794, 3103, 3257, 3279, 3378, 3391, 3755, 3775], '(Figs': [2280, 3512, 3542, 3604], 'EV1).': [2283, 4095, 4145], 'Figure': [2284, 2655, 2668, 3674, 3748], '1.': [2285], 'C9orf72-based': [2286, 2670], 'containing': [2288, 2672, 3042, 3073], '(G4C2)˜188,': [2291], 'pathologically': [2294, 2678], 'relevant': [2295, 2679], 'vary': [2302, 2686, 3664], 'type': [2305, 2689], 'A.': [2306, 2690, 3772], 'Plasmid': [2307, 2691, 3006], 'using': [2315, 2389, 2649, 2699, 2790, 2822, 2994, 3267, 3283, 3336, 3789, 4162], 'Dendra2.': [2320, 2704], 'upstream,': [2329, 2717], 'site.': [2339, 2727], 'Each': [2340, 2743], 'modified': [2343, 2746], 'individual': [2353, 2756], 'in-frame': [2357, 2760], 'N-terminal': [2363, 3357], 'HA': [2364, 2398, 2766, 2793, 3064, 3255, 3278], 'B.': [2367, 2769, 3827], 'All': [2368, 2770, 3047], '(G4C2)n˜188,': [2377, 2734], 'coding': [2379], '(GA),': [2381], '(GP),': [2382], '(GR)': [2383], 'detected': [2386, 2413, 2802, 3052, 3282], 'quantified': [2388], 'filter-trap': [2391, 2797, 3248], 'binding': [2392, 2798, 3249], 'assay': [2393], 'probing': [2394, 3251], 'c-terminal': [2397, 2463, 2792, 2856], 'abundantly': [2412], 'lowest': [2418], 'HEK293T': [2420, 2483, 2520, 2804, 2877, 2913, 3041, 3071, 3244, 3352, 3558, 3715, 3736, 4041], '24': [2422, 2546, 2806, 2938, 3509], 'h': [2423, 2547, 2807, 2939, 3510, 4091], 'post-transient': [2424], 'transfection': [2425, 3012], 'n': [2432, 2580, 2592, 2606, 2815, 2950, 2963, 2977, 3869, 3923], '=': [2433, 2581, 2593, 2607, 2816, 2951, 2964, 2978, 3870, 3924], '5.': [2434, 2817], 'Error': [2435, 2616], 'bars': [2436, 2617, 2827, 2999], 'represent': [2437, 2618], 'mean': [2439, 2620, 2830, 3002], 'SEM.': [2441, 2622, 2832, 3004], 'C.': [2442, 2833], 'patterns': [2451, 2842, 3417, 3626, 3677, 3706, 3822], 'pathological': [2453, 2844, 3637], 'models.': [2459, 3667, 3716], '(green)': [2462, 2855], 'used': [2466, 2783, 2859, 4006], 'fluorescence': [2472, 2865], 'each': [2475, 2868, 3236, 3323, 3360, 3380, 3803], 'cells': [2484, 2507, 2521, 2537, 2551, 2587, 2599, 2613, 2878, 2900, 2914, 2929, 2943, 2956, 2970, 2984, 3072, 3353, 3559, 3570, 3587, 3876, 3930], 'transiently': [2485, 2879, 3234, 3436], 'cotransfected': [2486, 2554, 2946, 3461, 3563, 4034], 'NES-mIFP-mIFP-NES': [2489, 2882, 3464], '(NES-mIFP)': [2490, 3465], 'cytoplasmic': [2493, 2885, 3479], 'marker.': [2494, 2886], 'D.': [2495, 2887], 'cell-type': [2501, 2894], 'variability': [2502, 2895], 'positive': [2511, 2904, 3719], 'overall': [2514, 2907], 'Transient': [2517, 2910], 'cotransfections': [2518, 2911], 'robustly': [2522, 2915], '-Dendra2': [2525], 'compared': [2528, 2920, 3574, 4135, 4184], 'NSC34': [2530, 2922, 3132, 3577, 3683, 3708, 3727], 'rat': [2532, 2924, 3456, 3580, 3602, 3729], 'DPR-positive': [2536, 2928], 'calculated': [2545, 2937, 4086], 'post-transfection': [2548, 2808, 2940, 3511], 'only': [2549, 2941, 3366, 3407], 'expressing': [2552, 2944], 'NES-mIFP': [2555, 2563, 2947, 3174, 3564, 4039, 4164], 'normalized': [2561, 3172], 'adjust': [2567], 'cell-specific': [2569], 'AUG-dependent': [2570, 3015], 'levels;': [2572], 'represented': [2573], 'fold-change': [2575], 'HEK293T.': [2578, 3138], 'HEK293T:': [2579, 2949], '5': [2582, 2594, 2608, 2952, 2965, 2979], 'm': [2584, 2596, 2610, 2967, 2981, 3873, 3927], '>': [2585, 2597, 2611, 2954, 2968, 2982, 3874, 3928, 4089], '500': [2586, 2598, 2955, 2969], 'per': [2589, 2600, 2614, 2958, 2960, 2971, 2985, 3413, 3878, 3931], 'n.': [2590, 2601, 2615, 2972, 2986, 3879, 3932], 'NSC34:': [2591, 2962], 'Rat': [2602, 2973], 'neuron:': [2605, 2976], '40': [2612, 2983], 'information:': [2624], '***P': [2625, 2987], '<': [2626, 2629, 2988], '0.001,': [2627], '*P': [2628], '0.05.': [2630], 'See': [2631, 3933], 'Figs': [2633, 3447], 'EV1': [2634], 'EV2.': [2636, 3675], 'data': [2638, 3188, 3950], 'available': [2640, 3190, 3952], 'online': [2641, 3191, 3953], 'figure.': [2644, 2667, 3194, 3673, 3747, 3956], 'Statistical': [2645, 2818, 2990], 'comparisons': [2646, 2819, 2991, 3520], 'performed': [2648, 2821, 2993, 3037, 3069, 3247, 3900], 't-test.': [2651], '[emmm201809423-sup-0006-SDataFig1.pdf]': [2657], 'Download': [2658, 2660, 3195, 3197, 3738, 3740, 3957, 3959], 'figure': [2659, 3196, 3739, 3958], 'PowerPoint': [2661, 3198, 3741, 3960], 'Click': [2662, 3668, 3742], 'here': [2663, 3669, 3743], 'expand': [2665, 3671, 3745], 'EV1.': [2669, 3936], 'direction': [2714], 'construct,': [2730, 3414], 'sequence,': [2733, 2741], 'flipped': [2736], 'create': [2738], '(C4G2)n˜188.': [2742], 'coding,': [2775], '(C4G2)n˜188,': [2776], 'DPR,': [2777], '(PA),': [2778], '(PG),': [2779], '(PR),': [2780], 'detect': [2785], 'quantify': [2787], 'assay.': [2799], 't-test': [2824, 2996], 'error': [2826, 2998], 'representing': [2828, 3000], 'models': [2850, 3524], 'C4G2': [2873, 3806], 'co-expressing': [2880], 'C4G2-Dendra2': [2888, 2917], 'experiment': [2959], 'condition.': [2961], '0.001.': [2989], 'E.': [3005], 'marker': [3013, 3467, 4167], 'Nuclear': [3018], 'export': [3019], 'tags': [3020], 'highlight': [3026], 'cytoplasm': [3027, 3916], 'over': [3028, 3901], 'nucleus': [3029, 3919, 4183], 'aiding': [3030], 'analysis.': [3032], 'F.': [3033], 'Dot': [3034, 3339], 'blot': [3035, 3340], 'analysis': [3036, 3068, 3112, 3341, 3386], 'lysates': [3039], 'sense-ORF': [3044, 3075], 'constructs.': [3046, 3119], 'DPR-specific': [3054, 3090, 3268, 3337], 'antibodies': [3055], 'regardless': [3056], 'tags.': [3065], 'immunofluorescence': [3067, 3385], 'demonstrates': [3078, 3123, 3767, 3895], 'being': [3082, 3411, 3482], 'frame': [3085, 3105, 3374, 3399, 3409], 'correct': [3088], 'DPR.': [3089, 3109], 'antibody': [3091], 'staining': [3092, 3395], 'colocalizes': [3099], 'corresponding': [3108, 3398, 3475], 'G.': [3110], 'qRT–PCR': [3111], 'measuring': [3113], 'HEK293T,': [3121, 3453], 'GA': [3122, 3312, 3481, 3861, 3864, 3907, 3910, 4133, 4139], 'higher': [3124, 3134, 3589], 'levels,': [3126], 'followed': [3127, 3854], 'then': [3130, 3246, 4054], 'GP.': [3131], 'than': [3137, 4228], 'Conditions': [3139], 'stress,': [3141], 'inhibitors,': [3146], 'around': [3151], 'same': [3153], 'CT': [3154, 3169, 3175], 'value.': [3155], 'Transcript': [3156], 'no': [3159], 'correlation': [3160], 'level': [3163], 'RAN-translated': [3165], 'products': [3166], 'measured.': [3167], 'values': [3170, 3176], 'account': [3178], 'differences': [3183, 3305, 3529, 4124], 'between': [3184, 4125], 'experimental': [3185], 'designs.': [3186], 'began': [3200], 'characterizing': [3202], 'system.': [3214], 'accomplish': [3216], 'appreciable': [3219], 'absence': [3225, 3295], '2017),': [3232], 'six': [3239, 4192], 'assays': [3250], 'c-terminus': [3254], 'directly': [3263], 'detecting': [3264], 'antibodies.': [3269, 3338], 'immunoassay': [3274], 'codon': [3299], 'there': [3302, 3967], 'measurable': [3304], 'highest': [3316], '1B).': [3318], 'verified': [3321], 'indeed': [3330, 3355], 'N-terminus': [3334], 'confirmed': [3342], 'one': [3344, 3367, 3408], 'although': [3365], 'would': [3371], 'EV1F).': [3383, 3401], 'colocalized': [3392], 'Consistent': [3402], 'observations': [3405], 'monitored': [3412, 3765, 3867, 4055], 'dependent': [3424, 4202], 'give': [3429], 'profiles': [3431], 'AUG-initiated': [3438, 3630], 'systems': [3442], '(Wen': [3443], '1C': [3448], 'EV1C).': [3450], 'Specifically,': [3451, 4161], 'NSC34,': [3454], 'cytosolic': [3466, 4166], 'EV1E),': [3469], 'sense/antisense': [3474], 'GA/PA': [3476], 'diffuse': [3483, 3493, 3862, 3908, 4131], 'punctate': [3485, 3504, 4106, 4138], 'PA': [3487], 'diffuse,': [3488], 'GP/PG': [3490], 'ubiquitously': [3495], 'distributed': [3496], 'throughout': [3497], 'cell,': [3499], 'GR/PR': [3502], 'nuclear': [3507], '1C,': [3513], 'EV1C,': [3515], 'EV2': [3516], 'EV3).': [3518, 3609, 4070], 'among': [3521, 3665], 'reveal': [3525], 'type-dependent': [3528], 'independent': [3534], '1D': [3543], 'EV1G)': [3545], 'NREs': [3550], 'For': [3555], 'example,': [3556], 'labeled': [3560], '(HEK293TNES-mIFP),': [3565], 'percentage': [3567], 'DPR-expressing': [3569], 'almost': [3572], 'doubled': [3573], 'NES-mIFP-positive': [3576], '(NSC34NES-mIFP)': [3578], '(CNNES-mIFP).': [3584], 'HEK293TNES-mIFP': [3586], 'display': [3588], 'contrast': [3597, 3734], 'either': [3599], 'NSC34NES-mIFP': [3600], 'CNNES-mIFP': [3603], '1D,': [3605], 'EV1D': [3607], 'validate': [3613], 'generates': [3619, 3756], 'products,': [3622], 'consistent': [3627], 'their': [3629], 'counterparts': [3631], 'iPS': [3643], 'Localization': [3676], 'pathologyFluorescent': [3693], 'microscopy': [3694], 'images': [3695, 3797], 'seen': [3713, 3823], 'Both': [3717], 'lower': [3725], 'EV3.': [3749], 'Photoconversion': [3750], 'red': [3758, 3845, 4050, 4059], 'longitudinally': [3764, 4062], 'Dendra2-green': [3786], 'Dendra2-red': [3788], 'successive': [3790], '405': [3791], 'nm': [3792], 'irradiations': [3793], '15s.': [3795], 'Representative': [3796], 'pre-': [3799], 'post-photoconversion': [3801], 'produced': [3808, 3832, 3888], 'reporter.': [3817], 'Photoconverted': [3818], 'retain': [3820], 'unconverted': [3825], 'counterparts.': [3826], 'Half-lives': [3828], 'photoconverted': [3830, 3851, 3886, 4043], 'determined': [3841], 'monitoring': [3843], 'decreased': [3844, 4229], 'intensity.': [3847], 'Fluorescence': [3848], '108': [3859, 3905], 'h.': [3860, 3906], 'aggregates': [3865, 3911], 'separately.': [3868, 3914, 3922], '10': [3875, 3929], 'longitudinal': [3881], 'quantification': [3884], 'Quantification': [3898], 'Table': [3935, 4094, 4144], 'Grey': [3937], 'shaded': [3938], 'marked': [3940], 'black': [3942], 'lines': [3943], 'define': [3944], '95%': [3946], 'confidence': [3947], 'interval.': [3948], 'tissue,': [3975], 'little': [3977], 'known': [3979], 'part': [3985], 'due': [3986, 4222], 'intrinsic': [3988], 'turnover': [3990, 4010, 4017, 4230], 'rates.': [3991, 4231], 'proven': [3997], 'valuable': [4001], 'tool': [4002], 'measure': [4008], 'having': [4012], 'minimal': [4013], 'influence': [4014], 'rate': [4018], 'kinetics': [4019, 4129, 4158], 'fused': [4022], '(Hamer': [4024], '2010;': [4027], 'Sattarzadeh': [4028], 'reporters': [4037], 'green': [4048], 'EV3),': [4052], 'decay': [4057, 4128], 'Sense': [4071], 'predicted': [4077, 4118, 4174, 4198], '(>': [4079], '100': [4080], 'h),': [4081], '200': [4090], 'EV3,': [4093], 'These': [4096], 'measurements': [4097], 'indicate': [4099], 'granularity,': [4103], 'expression': [4107], 'profile,': [4108], 'correlates': [4112], 'half-life,': [4119], 'smaller': [4132], 'granules': [4134, 4140], 'larger': [4137], 'EV3': [4142], 'compartmentalization': [4152], 'dictates': [4156], 'its': [4157], 'decay.': [4160], 'live-cell-imaging': [4165], 'half-life': [4175], 'localizes': [4180], 'cytoplasm.': [4187], 'general,': [4189], 'however,': [4190], 'relatively': [4196], 'granularity': [4205], 'localization,': [4208], 'therefore,': [4210], 'short': [4217], 'timescale': [4218], 'likely': [4221], 'rather': [4227], 'Non-AUG-dependent': [4232]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2908795173', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 34}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 12}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-23T19:31:24.683832', 'created_date': '2019-01-25'}
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