Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2908396643', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4103/ijrc.ijrc_8_18', 'title': 'Clinical and Etiological Profile of an Exudative Pleural Effusion in a Tertiary Care Center', 'display_name': 'Clinical and Etiological Profile of an Exudative Pleural Effusion in a Tertiary Care Center', 'publication_year': 2019, 'publication_date': '2019-01-03', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2908396643', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4103/ijrc.ijrc_8_18', 'mag': '2908396643'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4103/ijrc.ijrc_8_18', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210191538', 'display_name': 'Indian Journal of Respiratory Care', 'issn_l': '2277-9019', 'issn': ['2277-9019', '2321-4899'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320448', 'host_organization_name': 'Medknow', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310318547', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320448'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wolters Kluwer', 'Medknow'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-sa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'doaj'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'diamond', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4103/ijrc.ijrc_8_18', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110575256', 'display_name': 'G. K. Paramjyothi', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I139669409', 'display_name': "Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01wjz9118', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139669409']}], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'G. K. Paramjyothi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139669409']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103832282', 'display_name': 'S. Laxma Reddy', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I139669409', 'display_name': "Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01wjz9118', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139669409']}], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'S. Laxma Reddy', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139669409']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5112853061', 'display_name': 'K. Varaprasad', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I139669409', 'display_name': "Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01wjz9118', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139669409']}], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'K. Varaprasad', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139669409']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5107908632', 'display_name': 'NarendraKumar Narahari', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I139669409', 'display_name': "Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01wjz9118', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139669409']}], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Narendrakumar Narahari', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139669409']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109493510', 'display_name': 'K. Bhaskar', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I139669409', 'display_name': "Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01wjz9118', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139669409']}], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'K. Bhaskar', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India", "Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana -500 082, India."], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139669409']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': "Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana -500 082, India.", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139669409']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5112408416', 'display_name': 'G. Rajashekar Varma', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I139669409', 'display_name': "Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences", 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01wjz9118', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I139669409']}], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'G. Rajashekar Varma', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139669409']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5109493510'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I139669409'], 'apc_list': {'value': 0, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 0, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.38, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 7, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.798261, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 82, 'max': 83}, 'biblio': {'volume': '8', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '22', 'last_page': '26'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11356', 'display_name': 'Pleural and Pulmonary Diseases', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2740', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11356', 'display_name': 'Pleural and Pulmonary Diseases', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2740', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11738', 'display_name': 'Ultrasound in Clinical Applications', 'score': 0.9921, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2706', 'display_name': 'Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12818', 'display_name': 'Pneumothorax, Barotrauma, Emphysema', 'score': 0.9798, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2740', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/tertiary-care', 'display_name': 'Tertiary care', 'score': 0.88461936}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/etiology', 'display_name': 'Etiology', 'score': 0.8232744}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/center', 'display_name': 'Center (category theory)', 'score': 0.58416295}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2991842025', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207', 'display_name': 'Tertiary care', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.88461936}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C137627325', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318', 'display_name': 'Etiology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8232744}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6026226}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779463800', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062222', 'display_name': 'Center (category theory)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.58416295}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779634585', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334541', 'display_name': 'Pleural effusion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.51541674}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.30809814}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.062101185}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C8010536', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398', 'display_name': 'Crystallography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4103/ijrc.ijrc_8_18', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210191538', 'display_name': 'Indian Journal of Respiratory Care', 'issn_l': '2277-9019', 'issn': ['2277-9019', '2321-4899'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320448', 'host_organization_name': 'Medknow', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310318547', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320448'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wolters Kluwer', 'Medknow'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-sa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/10169c7529dd40dfb7b97f8ffe24094e', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4103/ijrc.ijrc_8_18', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210191538', 'display_name': 'Indian Journal of Respiratory Care', 'issn_l': '2277-9019', 'issn': ['2277-9019', '2321-4899'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320448', 'host_organization_name': 'Medknow', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310318547', 'https://openalex.org/P4310320448'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wolters Kluwer', 'Medknow'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-sa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.83, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 23, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1961752968', 'https://openalex.org/W1966120433', 'https://openalex.org/W1981582452', 'https://openalex.org/W1984330989', 'https://openalex.org/W2017362771', 'https://openalex.org/W2032004657', 'https://openalex.org/W2055413808', 'https://openalex.org/W2061091782', 'https://openalex.org/W2071006527', 'https://openalex.org/W2082563075', 'https://openalex.org/W2085383695', 'https://openalex.org/W2102102124', 'https://openalex.org/W2119983629', 'https://openalex.org/W2158334346', 'https://openalex.org/W2167017383', 'https://openalex.org/W2289336201', 'https://openalex.org/W2464718509', 'https://openalex.org/W2588609436', 'https://openalex.org/W2626544944', 'https://openalex.org/W2770176092', 'https://openalex.org/W2770592419', 'https://openalex.org/W4253979081', 'https://openalex.org/W4323053953'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4322705554', 'https://openalex.org/W4243665145', 'https://openalex.org/W3002986063', 'https://openalex.org/W2957508453', 'https://openalex.org/W2465854091', 'https://openalex.org/W2412965123', 'https://openalex.org/W2321165162', 'https://openalex.org/W2273265398', 'https://openalex.org/W1990860649', 'https://openalex.org/W15095678'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Pleural': [0], 'effusion': [1, 104, 156, 172], 'results': [2], 'from': [3, 105], 'either': [4, 91], 'excess': [5, 82], 'fluid': [6, 24, 33, 53, 83, 108, 120, 127, 136], 'accumulation': [7, 84], 'in': [8, 27, 85], 'pleural': [9, 15, 28, 64, 72, 86, 126, 135, 155], 'space': [10], 'or': [11, 93, 125, 134], 'decreased': [12], 'absorption': [13], 'by': [14, 56, 158], 'lymphatics.': [16], '[1]ormally,': [17], '0.13': [18], 'mL/kg': [19], 'of': [20, 23, 32, 43, 52, 63, 71, 75, 116, 170], 'body': [21], 'weight': [22], 'is': [25, 54, 109, 147], 'present': [26], 'space.This': [29], 'small': [30], 'amount': [31, 51], 'acts': [34], 'as': [35], 'a': [36], 'lubricant': [37], 'to': [38, 81, 101], 'allow': [39], 'the': [40, 57, 76, 117, 142, 148], 'smooth': [41], 'sliding': [42], 'parietal': [44], 'and': [45, 66, 179], 'visceral': [46], 'pleura': [47], 'during': [48], 'respiration.': [49], '[2]Normal': [50], 'maintained': [55], 'balance': [58], 'between': [59], 'hydrostatic,': [60], 'oncotic': [61, 69], 'pressure': [62, 70], 'capillaries': [65], 'intrapleural': [67], 'pressure,': [68], 'fluid.Any': [73], 'imbalance': [74], 'above': [77], 'mechanism': [78], 'will': [79], 'lead': [80], 'space.': [87], '[3]Pleural': [88], 'effusions': [89], 'were': [90], 'transudative': [92, 106, 154], 'exudative,': [94], "Light's": [95], 'criteria': [96], '[4]': [97], 'are': [98, 163], 'commonly': [99], 'used': [100], 'differentiate': [102], 'exudative': [103, 110, 171], 'effusion.Pleural': [107], 'if': [111], 'it': [112], 'meets': [113], 'any': [114], 'one': [115], 'following': [118], 'criteria-pleural': [119], 'protein/serum': [121], 'protein': [122], 'ratio': [123, 132], '>0.5': [124], 'lactate': [128], 'dehydrogenase': [129], '(LDH)/serum': [130], 'LDH': [131, 137], '>0.6': [133], 'level': [138], 'greater': [139], 'than': [140], 'two-thirds': [141], 'upper': [143], 'limit.Congestive': [144], 'heart': [145], 'failure': [146], 'most': [149], 'common': [150, 166], 'condition': [151], 'that': [152], 'produce': [153], 'followed': [157], 'hepatic': [159], 'hydrothorax.Nephrotic': [160], 'syndrome,': [161], 'hypoproteinemia': [162], 'some': [164], 'other': [165], 'causes.': [167], '[5]Common': [168], 'causes': [169], 'include': [173], 'tuberculosis,': [174], 'parapneumonic': [175], 'effusion,': [176], 'viral': [177], 'infections,': [178], 'malignancy.': [180]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2908396643', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T17:23:02.182898', 'created_date': '2019-01-11'}