Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2904867556', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07900-9', 'title': 'Revealing internal flow behaviour in arc welding and additive manufacturing of metals', 'display_name': 'Revealing internal flow behaviour in arc welding and additive manufacturing of metals', 'publication_year': 2018, 'publication_date': '2018-12-17', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2904867556', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07900-9', 'mag': '2904867556', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30575762', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6303386'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07900-9', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-07900-9.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S64187185', 'display_name': 'Nature Communications', 'issn_l': '2041-1723', 'issn': ['2041-1723'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'host_organization_name': 'Nature Portfolio', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Nature Portfolio', 'Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'doaj', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-07900-9.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5014165988', 'display_name': 'Lee Aucott', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3169-256X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I47367911', 'display_name': 'United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0361bwx64', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802373619', 'https://openalex.org/I4210110861', 'https://openalex.org/I47367911']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210094962', 'display_name': 'Culham Science Centre', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00mdktv23', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210094962']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Lee Aucott', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 3DB, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 3DB, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I47367911', 'https://openalex.org/I4210094962']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023750718', 'display_name': 'Hongbiao Dong', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1244-0364'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I153648349', 'display_name': 'University of Leicester', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04h699437', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I153648349']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Hongbiao Dong', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I153648349']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5011829590', 'display_name': 'Wajira Mirihanage', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9083-269X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I28407311', 'display_name': 'University of Manchester', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/027m9bs27', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I28407311']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Wajira Mirihanage', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I28407311']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5016135703', 'display_name': 'Robert C. Atwood', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6708-1085'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802711169', 'display_name': 'Diamond Light Source', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05etxs293', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802711169']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Robert Atwood', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Diamond Light Source, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Diamond Light Source, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802711169']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5019414729', 'display_name': 'Anton Kidess', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9438-2497'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98358874', 'display_name': 'Delft University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02e2c7k09', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Anton Kidess', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ, Delft, The Netherlands'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ, Delft, The Netherlands', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110052819', 'display_name': 'Shian Gao', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I153648349', 'display_name': 'University of Leicester', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04h699437', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I153648349']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Shian Gao', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I153648349']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5029840015', 'display_name': 'Shuwen Wen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4082-6491'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210130793', 'display_name': 'Tata Steel (United Kingdom)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03bj8zh59', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210086519', 'https://openalex.org/I4210130793', 'https://openalex.org/I87816474']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Shuwen Wen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Tata Steel, Research & Development, Swindon Technology Centre, Rotherham, S60 3AR, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Tata Steel, Research & Development, Swindon Technology Centre, Rotherham, S60 3AR, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210130793']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5112416301', 'display_name': 'John Marsden', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210130793', 'display_name': 'Tata Steel (United Kingdom)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03bj8zh59', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210086519', 'https://openalex.org/I4210130793', 'https://openalex.org/I87816474']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'John Marsden', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Tata Steel, Research & Development, Swindon Technology Centre, Rotherham, S60 3AR, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Tata Steel, Research & Development, Swindon Technology Centre, Rotherham, S60 3AR, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210130793']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5041189907', 'display_name': 'Shuo Feng', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3848-2282'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I153648349', 'display_name': 'University of Leicester', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04h699437', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I153648349']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Shuo Feng', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I153648349']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5080064913', 'display_name': 'Mingming Tong', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3804-3906'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I100930933', 'display_name': 'University College Dublin', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05m7pjf47', 'country_code': 'IE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I100930933']}], 'countries': ['IE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mingming Tong', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I100930933']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5083280016', 'display_name': 'Thomas Connolley', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1851-3467'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802711169', 'display_name': 'Diamond Light Source', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05etxs293', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802711169']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Thomas Connolley', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Diamond Light Source, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Diamond Light Source, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802711169']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5028519630', 'display_name': 'Michael Drakopoulos', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8219-5136'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2802711169', 'display_name': 'Diamond Light Source', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05etxs293', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2802711169']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael Drakopoulos', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Diamond Light Source, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Diamond Light Source, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2802711169']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5003848768', 'display_name': 'Chris R. Kleijn', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6821-0969'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98358874', 'display_name': 'Delft University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02e2c7k09', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Chris R. Kleijn', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ, Delft, The Netherlands'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ, Delft, The Netherlands', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012332043', 'display_name': 'I. M. Richardson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3651-3233'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I98358874', 'display_name': 'Delft University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02e2c7k09', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ian M. Richardson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ, Delft, The Netherlands'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629HZ, Delft, The Netherlands', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5002265373', 'display_name': 'David J. Browne', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1857-4486'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I100930933', 'display_name': 'University College Dublin', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05m7pjf47', 'country_code': 'IE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I100930933']}], 'countries': ['IE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David J. Browne', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I100930933']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5044124708', 'display_name': 'Ragnvald H. Mathiesen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4380-970X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I204778367', 'display_name': 'Norwegian University of Science and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05xg72x27', 'country_code': 'NO', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I204778367']}], 'countries': ['NO'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ragnvald H. Mathiesen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491, Trondheim, Norway'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 1, 7491, Trondheim, Norway', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I204778367']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5083740122', 'display_name': 'H.V. Atkinson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3896-9493'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I153648349', 'display_name': 'University of Leicester', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04h699437', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I153648349']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Helen. V. Atkinson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I153648349']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 4, 'institutions_distinct_count': 9, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5023750718'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I153648349'], 'apc_list': {'value': 3920, 'currency': 'GBP', 'value_usd': 4808, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 3920, 'currency': 'GBP', 'value_usd': 4808, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 13.101, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 191, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.833497, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '9', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10834', 'display_name': 'Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2210', 'display_name': 'Mechanical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10834', 'display_name': 'Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2210', 'display_name': 'Mechanical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10705', 'display_name': 'Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes', 'score': 0.9988, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2210', 'display_name': 'Mechanical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11126', 'display_name': 'Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics', 'score': 0.9961, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2210', 'display_name': 'Mechanical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-flow', 'display_name': 'Internal flow', 'score': 0.5756828}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C19474535', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131172', 'display_name': 'Welding', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.67275363}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6520123}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C196558001', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132', 'display_name': 'Turbulence', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6475634}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38349280', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290', 'display_name': 'Flow (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.62033165}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171483109', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6047852', 'display_name': 'Internal flow', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5756828}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57879066', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217', 'display_name': 'Mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5111299}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C8892853', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170749', 'display_name': 'Surface tension', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49264055}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C191897082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467', 'display_name': 'Metallurgy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3742675}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C97355855', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473', 'display_name': 'Thermodynamics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.20178941}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.10993883}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 11, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07900-9', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-07900-9.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S64187185', 'display_name': 'Nature Communications', 'issn_l': '2041-1723', 'issn': ['2041-1723'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'host_organization_name': 'Nature Portfolio', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Nature Portfolio', 'Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/f61b57d666f54171900e6c21e8e787ea', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc6303386', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc6303386?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/14179', 'pdf_url': 'https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/bitstream/1826/14179/1/Revealing_internal_flow_behavior_in_arc_welding-2018.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401778', 'display_name': 'CERES (Cranfield University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I82284825', 'host_organization_name': 'Cranfield University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I82284825'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cranfield University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hdl.handle.net/2381/43711', 'pdf_url': 'https://figshare.le.ac.uk/articles/journal_contribution/Revealing_internal_flow_behaviour_in_arc_welding_and_additive_manufacturing_of_metals_/10200491/1/files/18384287.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402365', 'display_name': 'Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I153648349', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Leicester', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I153648349'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Leicester'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hdl.handle.net/10197/10675', 'pdf_url': 'http://researchrepository.ucd.ie/bitstreams/c8454e68-3b5a-4944-b656-52f75e0b7417/download', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402280', 'display_name': 'Research Repository UCD (University College Dublin)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I100930933', 'host_organization_name': 'University College Dublin', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I100930933'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University College Dublin'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Revealing_internal_flow_behaviour_in_arc_welding_and_additive_manufacturing_of_metals_/10200491', 'pdf_url': 'https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Revealing_internal_flow_behaviour_in_arc_welding_and_additive_manufacturing_of_metals_/10200491/1/files/18384287.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400572', 'display_name': 'OPAL (Open@LaTrobe) (La Trobe University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I196829312', 'host_organization_name': 'La Trobe University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I196829312'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['La Trobe University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2616957', 'pdf_url': 'https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/bitstream/11250/2616957/1/Aucott.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401716', 'display_name': 'Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I184942183', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Oslo', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I184942183'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Oslo'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a5b11cda-203d-4dfe-879f-7ee1ba0aee48', 'pdf_url': 'https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3Aa5b11cda-203d-4dfe-879f-7ee1ba0aee48/datastream/OBJ/download', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400906', 'display_name': 'Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I98358874', 'host_organization_name': 'Delft University of Technology', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I98358874'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Delft University of Technology'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6303386', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30575762', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07900-9', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-07900-9.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S64187185', 'display_name': 'Nature Communications', 'issn_l': '2041-1723', 'issn': ['2041-1723'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'host_organization_name': 'Nature Portfolio', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Nature Portfolio', 'Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Affordable and clean energy', 'score': 0.75, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 56, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1316821', 'https://openalex.org/W1580002865', 'https://openalex.org/W172164066', 'https://openalex.org/W1982146860', 'https://openalex.org/W1989530140', 'https://openalex.org/W1993434878', 'https://openalex.org/W1998022783', 'https://openalex.org/W1999443839', 'https://openalex.org/W2012686513', 'https://openalex.org/W2015254418', 'https://openalex.org/W2017494061', 'https://openalex.org/W2018131552', 'https://openalex.org/W2022840452', 'https://openalex.org/W2033722476', 'https://openalex.org/W2036937110', 'https://openalex.org/W2042453034', 'https://openalex.org/W2046646449', 'https://openalex.org/W2047265697', 'https://openalex.org/W2054112589', 'https://openalex.org/W2057545768', 'https://openalex.org/W2057791848', 'https://openalex.org/W2063566534', 'https://openalex.org/W2063754147', 'https://openalex.org/W2065975616', 'https://openalex.org/W2067048272', 'https://openalex.org/W2076679792', 'https://openalex.org/W2077076923', 'https://openalex.org/W2081744357', 'https://openalex.org/W2089164864', 'https://openalex.org/W2089607869', 'https://openalex.org/W2094337968', 'https://openalex.org/W2099540110', 'https://openalex.org/W2119010472', 'https://openalex.org/W2124090215', 'https://openalex.org/W2125258685', 'https://openalex.org/W2131759191', 'https://openalex.org/W2154219874', 'https://openalex.org/W2177760635', 'https://openalex.org/W2304122885', 'https://openalex.org/W2328293031', 'https://openalex.org/W2423787598', 'https://openalex.org/W2494394481', 'https://openalex.org/W2505334938', 'https://openalex.org/W2568399556', 'https://openalex.org/W2571902119', 'https://openalex.org/W2582068044', 'https://openalex.org/W2606372895', 'https://openalex.org/W2612819616', 'https://openalex.org/W2793376982', 'https://openalex.org/W2797662745', 'https://openalex.org/W2991390154', 'https://openalex.org/W3015460156', 'https://openalex.org/W3100422151', 'https://openalex.org/W35617481', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W93512074'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4244718299', 'https://openalex.org/W3192220280', 'https://openalex.org/W2549651119', 'https://openalex.org/W2514640320', 'https://openalex.org/W2393201117', 'https://openalex.org/W2382742052', 'https://openalex.org/W2262409920', 'https://openalex.org/W1999519644', 'https://openalex.org/W1995340519', 'https://openalex.org/W1982925228'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Internal': [0], 'flow': [1, 26, 37, 47, 71, 116, 137], 'behaviour': [2], 'during': [3, 39], 'melt-pool-based': [4], 'metal': [5], 'manufacturing': [6, 128], 'remains': [7], 'unclear': [8], 'and': [9, 44, 73, 102, 123], 'hinders': [10], 'progression': [11], 'to': [12, 54], 'process': [13], 'optimisation.': [14], 'In': [15], 'this': [16], 'contribution,': [17], 'we': [18], 'present': [19], 'direct': [20], 'time-resolved': [21], 'imaging': [22], 'of': [23, 42, 114], 'melt': [24, 136], 'pool': [25], 'dynamics': [27], 'from': [28, 50], 'a': [29, 93], 'high-energy': [30], 'synchrotron': [31], 'radiation': [32], 'experiment.': [33], 'We': [34], 'track': [35], 'internal': [36, 135], 'streams': [38], 'arc': [40, 121, 126], 'welding': [41, 122], 'steel': [43], 'measure': [45], 'instantaneous': [46], 'velocities': [48], 'ranging': [49], '0.1': [51], 'm': [52, 56], 's-1': [53], '0.5': [55], 's-1.': [57], 'When': [58, 89], 'the': [59, 69, 74, 82, 90, 109, 124], 'temperature-dependent': [60, 95], 'surface': [61, 78, 96, 99, 140], 'tension': [62, 97], 'coefficient': [63], 'is': [64, 68, 80], 'negative,': [65], 'bulk': [66], 'turbulence': [67, 79, 100], 'main': [70], 'mechanism': [72], 'critical': [75], 'velocity': [76], 'for': [77], 'below': [81], 'limits': [83], 'identified': [84], 'in': [85], 'previous': [86], 'theoretical': [87], 'studies.': [88], 'alloy': [91], 'exhibits': [92], 'positive': [94], 'coefficient,': [98], 'occurs': [101], 'derisory': [103], 'oxides': [104], 'can': [105, 130], 'be': [106, 131], 'entrapped': [107], 'within': [108], 'subsequent': [110], 'solid': [111], 'as': [112], 'result': [113], 'higher': [115], 'velocities.': [117], 'The': [118], 'widely': [119], 'used': [120], 'emerging': [125], 'additive': [127], 'routes': [129], 'optimised': [132], 'by': [133], 'controlling': [134], 'through': [138], 'adjusting': [139], 'active': [141], 'elements.': [142]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2904867556', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 34}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 38}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 34}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 38}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 36}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 10}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-08T06:24:48.341031', 'created_date': '2018-12-22'}