Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2901288344', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2017.8533076', 'title': 'CARNA - A Compact Glass Proton Imager', 'display_name': 'CARNA - A Compact Glass Proton Imager', 'publication_year': 2017, 'publication_date': '2017-10-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2901288344', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2017.8533076', 'mag': '2901288344'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2017.8533076', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4363607784', 'display_name': '2021 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'conference'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'proceedings-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023312488', 'display_name': 'Collin J. Wilkinson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4805-1838'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I153317226', 'display_name': 'Coe College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03chkg278', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I153317226']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. J. Wilkinson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Coe College, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Coe College, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I153317226']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5061620946', 'display_name': 'L. Ruane', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I74543514', 'display_name': 'Hastings College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01myrq118', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I74543514']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'L. Ruane', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Hastings College, Hastings, NE, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hastings College, Hastings, NE, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I74543514']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5003465458', 'display_name': 'W. Miller', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I107118585', 'display_name': 'Shepherd University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00y93ak93', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I107118585']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'W. Miller', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I107118585']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5044561531', 'display_name': 'A. Gunsch', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I153317226', 'display_name': 'Coe College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03chkg278', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I153317226']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. Gunsch', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Coe College, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Coe College, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I153317226']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5036010190', 'display_name': 'Adam Zieser', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7618-3382'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I126307644', 'display_name': 'University of Iowa', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/036jqmy94', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I126307644']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. Zieser', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I126307644']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5013188935', 'display_name': 'I. J. Tillman', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I153317226', 'display_name': 'Coe College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03chkg278', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I153317226']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'I. J. Tillman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Coe College, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Coe College, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I153317226']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5068255833', 'display_name': 'Z. Thune', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I153317226', 'display_name': 'Coe College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03chkg278', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I153317226']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Z. Thune', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Coe College, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Coe College, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I153317226']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5065785665', 'display_name': 'D. Wang', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I126307644', 'display_name': 'University of Iowa', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/036jqmy94', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I126307644']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'D. Wang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I126307644']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103206194', 'display_name': 'U. Akgun', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9850-4164'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I153317226', 'display_name': 'Coe College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03chkg278', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I153317226']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'U. Akgun', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Coe College, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Coe College, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I153317226']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 2, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.695052, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 71, 'max': 75}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': '1', 'last_page': '5'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11176', 'display_name': 'Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2740', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11176', 'display_name': 'Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2740', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11216', 'display_name': 'Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies', 'score': 0.999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3108', 'display_name': 'Radiation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11949', 'display_name': 'Nuclear Physics and Applications', 'score': 0.9971, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3108', 'display_name': 'Radiation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/stopping-power', 'display_name': 'Stopping power', 'score': 0.6425444}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779244869', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507667', 'display_name': 'Proton therapy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8733946}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54516573', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294', 'display_name': 'Proton', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8287313}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161694136', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910990', 'display_name': 'Scintillator', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.73972565}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780944729', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897227', 'display_name': 'Bragg peak', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.66759753}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94915269', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857', 'display_name': 'Detector', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6553093}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C146904657', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201332', 'display_name': 'Stopping power', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6425444}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C186370098', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787', 'display_name': 'Energy (signal processing)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.444577}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4210145}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.41955644}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.40581042}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185544564', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197', 'display_name': 'Nuclear physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.28643838}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2017.8533076', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4363607784', 'display_name': '2021 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'conference'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Affordable and clean energy', 'score': 0.53, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7'}, {'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.44, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 31, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1966705120', 'https://openalex.org/W1976835815', 'https://openalex.org/W1985810588', 'https://openalex.org/W1996720324', 'https://openalex.org/W2001881071', 'https://openalex.org/W2004804713', 'https://openalex.org/W2008136107', 'https://openalex.org/W2038110495', 'https://openalex.org/W2046867713', 'https://openalex.org/W2049151159', 'https://openalex.org/W2052612572', 'https://openalex.org/W2054448399', 'https://openalex.org/W2069939310', 'https://openalex.org/W2074877882', 'https://openalex.org/W2076550904', 'https://openalex.org/W2079721699', 'https://openalex.org/W2080603533', 'https://openalex.org/W2090119153', 'https://openalex.org/W2090248250', 'https://openalex.org/W2126636772', 'https://openalex.org/W2128158076', 'https://openalex.org/W2128881154', 'https://openalex.org/W2158740244', 'https://openalex.org/W2159599529', 'https://openalex.org/W2161481032', 'https://openalex.org/W2163778788', 'https://openalex.org/W2544816853', 'https://openalex.org/W2591869413', 'https://openalex.org/W4236448387', 'https://openalex.org/W4255064067', 'https://openalex.org/W4403733476'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4386846370', 'https://openalex.org/W4233869195', 'https://openalex.org/W3113008043', 'https://openalex.org/W2544967778', 'https://openalex.org/W2473673131', 'https://openalex.org/W2151538329', 'https://openalex.org/W2040363694', 'https://openalex.org/W2018352805', 'https://openalex.org/W2002115772', 'https://openalex.org/W1515726259'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Protons': [0], 'deposit': [1], 'the': [2, 8, 59, 80], 'majority': [3], 'of': [4, 10, 55, 62, 93], 'their': [5, 11], 'energy': [6], 'at': [7], 'end': [9], 'lifetimes,': [12], 'characterized': [13], 'by': [14], 'a': [15, 22, 91, 99], 'Bragg': [16], 'peak.': [17], 'This': [18, 86], 'makes': [19], 'proton': [20, 63, 71], 'therapy': [21, 64], 'viable': [23], 'way': [24], 'to': [25, 32, 39, 66, 82], 'target': [26], 'cancerous': [27], 'tissue': [28], 'while': [29], 'minimizing': [30], 'damage': [31], 'surrounding': [33], 'healthy': [34], 'tissue.': [35], 'However,': [36], 'in': [37, 47, 58], 'order': [38], 'utilize': [40], 'this': [41], 'high': [42], 'precision': [43], 'treatment,': [44], 'greater': [45], 'accuracy': [46], 'tumor': [48], 'imaging': [49, 75], 'is': [50], 'needed.': [51], 'An': [52, 74], 'approximate': [53], 'uncertainty': [54], '±3%': [56], 'exists': [57], 'current': [60], 'practice': [61], 'due': [65], 'conversions': [67], 'between': [68], 'x-ray': [69], 'and': [70], 'stopping': [72], 'power.': [73], 'system': [76], 'utilizing': [77], 'protons': [78], 'has': [79], 'potential': [81], 'eliminate': [83], 'that': [84], 'inaccuracy.': [85], 'study': [87], 'focuses': [88], 'on': [89], 'developing': [90], 'proof': [92], 'concept': [94], 'proton-imaging': [95], 'detector': [96], 'built': [97], 'with': [98], 'high-density': [100], 'glass': [101], 'scintillator.': [102]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2901288344', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T11:34:12.075159', 'created_date': '2018-11-29'}