Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2900839886', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/02678292.2018.1543781', 'title': 'Electrically tunable photo-aligned two-dimensional liquid crystal polarisation grating', 'display_name': 'Electrically tunable photo-aligned two-dimensional liquid crystal polarisation grating', 'publication_year': 2018, 'publication_date': '2018-11-11', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2900839886', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/02678292.2018.1543781', 'mag': '2900839886'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/02678292.2018.1543781', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S15647332', 'display_name': 'Liquid Crystals', 'issn_l': '0267-8292', 'issn': ['0267-8292', '1366-5855'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5005260014', 'display_name': 'Song-zhen Li', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210088164', 'display_name': 'Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/012rct222', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088164']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'display_name': 'Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/034t30j35', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210165038', 'display_name': 'University of Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05qbk4x57', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210165038']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Song-zhen Li', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China', 'State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210088164', 'https://openalex.org/I19820366']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210165038']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5082138899', 'display_name': 'Zhiwei Zhao', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0378-2744'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210088164', 'display_name': 'Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/012rct222', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088164']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'display_name': 'Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/034t30j35', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210165038', 'display_name': 'University of Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05qbk4x57', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210165038']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Zhi-Wei Zhao', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China', 'State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210088164', 'https://openalex.org/I19820366']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210165038']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5037505244', 'display_name': 'C Wang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7750-5889'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210088164', 'display_name': 'Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/012rct222', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088164']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'display_name': 'Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/034t30j35', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210165038', 'display_name': 'University of Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05qbk4x57', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210165038']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Cheng-Miao Wang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China', 'State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210088164', 'https://openalex.org/I19820366']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210165038']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101721564', 'display_name': 'Qidong Wang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9176-5583'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210088164', 'display_name': 'Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/012rct222', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088164']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'display_name': 'Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/034t30j35', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Qi-dong Wang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210088164', 'https://openalex.org/I19820366']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100572287', 'display_name': 'Lishuang Yao', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'display_name': 'Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/034t30j35', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210088164', 'display_name': 'Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/012rct222', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088164']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Lishuang Yao', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088164']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5104010034', 'display_name': 'Zenghui Peng', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'display_name': 'Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/034t30j35', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210088164', 'display_name': 'Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/012rct222', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088164']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Zeng-Hui Peng', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088164']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101510052', 'display_name': 'Yonggang Liu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9180-7875'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210088164', 'display_name': 'Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/012rct222', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088164']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'display_name': 'Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/034t30j35', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Yong-gang Liu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210088164', 'https://openalex.org/I19820366']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100362358', 'display_name': 'Xuan Li', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-4871'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210088164', 'display_name': 'Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/012rct222', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088164']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'display_name': 'Chinese Academy of Sciences', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/034t30j35', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Li Xuan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210088164', 'https://openalex.org/I19820366']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5104010034', 'https://openalex.org/A5101510052'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I19820366', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088164', 'https://openalex.org/I4210088164', 'https://openalex.org/I19820366'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.152, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 6, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.492749, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 81, 'max': 83}, 'biblio': {'volume': '46', 'issue': '8', 'first_page': '1175', 'last_page': '1182'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10306', 'display_name': 'Liquid Crystal Research', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2504', 'display_name': 'Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10306', 'display_name': 'Liquid Crystal Research', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2504', 'display_name': 'Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11408', 'display_name': 'Three-Dimensional Display Technologies', 'score': 0.9973, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2214', 'display_name': 'Media Technology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10666', 'display_name': 'Photonic Crystals', 'score': 0.9941, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3107', 'display_name': 'Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/diffraction-efficiency', 'display_name': 'Diffraction efficiency', 'score': 0.6649862}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-grating', 'display_name': 'Ultrasonic grating', 'score': 0.51205546}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-generated-holography', 'display_name': 'Computer-Generated Holography', 'score': 0.49966}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.8573512}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C13274807', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203989', 'display_name': 'Liquid crystal', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8256831}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777813233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527816', 'display_name': 'Grating', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.783522}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7718702}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187384414', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5884105', 'display_name': 'Holographic grating', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.73832834}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187590223', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527628', 'display_name': 'Holography', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7124007}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18355248', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850922', 'display_name': 'Diffraction efficiency', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6649862}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C207114421', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900', 'display_name': 'Diffraction', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6526201}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126753812', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653294', 'display_name': 'Diffraction grating', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.51907593}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162151327', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7880640', 'display_name': 'Ultrasonic grating', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.51205546}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1363856', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q883195', 'display_name': 'Blazed grating', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.44906914}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49040817', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091', 'display_name': 'Optoelectronics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.435494}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.13473755}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/02678292.2018.1543781', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S15647332', 'display_name': 'Liquid Crystals', 'issn_l': '0267-8292', 'issn': ['0267-8292', '1366-5855'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Affordable and clean energy', 'score': 0.44, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7'}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320321001', 'funder_display_name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'award_id': '11604327'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 34, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1980680624', 'https://openalex.org/W1992534330', 'https://openalex.org/W1998987591', 'https://openalex.org/W2006029381', 'https://openalex.org/W2013084759', 'https://openalex.org/W2018987235', 'https://openalex.org/W2034272037', 'https://openalex.org/W2040674828', 'https://openalex.org/W2044591403', 'https://openalex.org/W2053905548', 'https://openalex.org/W2054971807', 'https://openalex.org/W2066314021', 'https://openalex.org/W2066683670', 'https://openalex.org/W2071480984', 'https://openalex.org/W2074813802', 'https://openalex.org/W2076379046', 'https://openalex.org/W2082626761', 'https://openalex.org/W2094915197', 'https://openalex.org/W2097780038', 'https://openalex.org/W2101457183', 'https://openalex.org/W2113449048', 'https://openalex.org/W2119042711', 'https://openalex.org/W2127353965', 'https://openalex.org/W2183565235', 'https://openalex.org/W2185829491', 'https://openalex.org/W2240391770', 'https://openalex.org/W2468769856', 'https://openalex.org/W2560666432', 'https://openalex.org/W2602277743', 'https://openalex.org/W2747628586', 'https://openalex.org/W2789590702', 'https://openalex.org/W2808748019', 'https://openalex.org/W2887896115', 'https://openalex.org/W2995196384'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3216542330', 'https://openalex.org/W248619786', 'https://openalex.org/W2442194584', 'https://openalex.org/W2352455245', 'https://openalex.org/W2166283400', 'https://openalex.org/W2054640396', 'https://openalex.org/W2040785768', 'https://openalex.org/W2029030475', 'https://openalex.org/W2001103049', 'https://openalex.org/W1972626526'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Two-dimensional': [0], 'liquid': [1, 8, 36], 'crystal': [2, 9, 37], 'polarisation': [3, 16, 38, 47, 51, 66], 'grating': [4, 39, 52], 'based': [5], 'on': [6], 'twist': [7], 'has': [10, 40], 'been': [11], 'demonstrated': [12], 'and': [13, 46], 'fabricated': [14], 'by': [15], 'holography': [17], 'in': [18], 'this': [19], 'paper.': [20], 'The': [21, 49, 68], 'maximal': [22], 'diffraction': [23, 61, 74], 'efficiency': [24], 'of': [25, 43, 70], 'the': [26, 34, 41, 71], 'second': [27], 'order': [28], 'is': [29, 63, 76], 'up': [30], 'to': [31], '90%.': [32], 'And': [33], 'two-dimensional': [35, 50], 'properties': [42], 'electrically': [44], 'tenability': [45], 'tenability.': [48], 'diffracts': [53], 'light': [54, 62, 75], 'into': [55], 'a': [56], 'spot': [57], 'array.': [58], 'Different': [59], 'direction': [60], 'with': [64], 'different': [65, 72], 'states.': [67], 'intensity': [69], 'orders': [73], 'optically': [77], 'controlled.': [78]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2900839886', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-14T04:31:36.991501', 'created_date': '2018-11-29'}