Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2898304980', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.044', 'title': 'A SERS microfluidic platform for targeting multiple soluble immune checkpoints', 'display_name': 'A SERS microfluidic platform for targeting multiple soluble immune checkpoints', 'publication_year': 2019, 'publication_date': '2019-02-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2898304980', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.044', 'mag': '2898304980', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30415152'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.044', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S156181945', 'display_name': 'Biosensors and Bioelectronics', 'issn_l': '0956-5663', 'issn': ['0956-5663', '1873-4235'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5062493415', 'display_name': 'Kamil Reza Khondakar', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5136-622X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165143802', 'display_name': 'University of Queensland', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rqy9422', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'K.Kamil Reza', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5051954845', 'display_name': 'Abu Ali Ibn Sina', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8099-3863'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165143802', 'display_name': 'University of Queensland', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rqy9422', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Abu Ali Ibn Sina', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5016316330', 'display_name': 'Alain Wuethrich', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9569-0478'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165143802', 'display_name': 'University of Queensland', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rqy9422', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Alain Wuethrich', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5078507133', 'display_name': 'Yadveer S. Grewal', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3621-2753'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165143802', 'display_name': 'University of Queensland', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rqy9422', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yadveer S. Grewal', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5030666977', 'display_name': 'Christopher B. Howard', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9797-8686'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210114492', 'display_name': 'National Imaging Facility', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01kdbsa35', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210114492']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165143802', 'display_name': 'University of Queensland', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rqy9422', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Christopher B. Howard', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210114492', 'https://openalex.org/I165143802']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5050843525', 'display_name': 'Darren Korbie', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5033-914X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165143802', 'display_name': 'University of Queensland', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rqy9422', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Darren Korbie', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5046333945', 'display_name': 'Matt Trau', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5516-1280'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165143802', 'display_name': 'University of Queensland', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rqy9422', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Matt Trau', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia', 'School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5051954845', 'https://openalex.org/A5046333945'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165143802', 'https://openalex.org/I165143802'], 'apc_list': {'value': 5090, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 5090, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 4.268, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 52, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999961, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '126', 'issue': None, 'first_page': '178', 'last_page': '186'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11491', 'display_name': 'Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy', 'score': 0.9894, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2730', 'display_name': 'Oncology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11491', 'display_name': 'Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy', 'score': 0.9894, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2730', 'display_name': 'Oncology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11016', 'display_name': 'Therapeutic Antibodies: Development, Engineering, and Applications', 'score': 0.983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2741', 'display_name': 'Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11190', 'display_name': '3D Bioprinting Technology', 'score': 0.9819, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplex', 'display_name': 'Multiplex', 'score': 0.6881249}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-checkpoint', 'display_name': 'Immune checkpoint', 'score': 0.65847564}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/microfluidic-devices', 'display_name': 'Microfluidic Devices', 'score': 0.54887}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/streptavidin', 'display_name': 'Streptavidin', 'score': 0.5333645}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-immunotherapy', 'display_name': 'Cancer immunotherapy', 'score': 0.45562673}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781188995', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934982', 'display_name': 'Multiplex', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6881249}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780851360', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21686041', 'display_name': 'Immune checkpoint', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.65847564}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C8673954', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138845', 'display_name': 'Microfluidics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.60963583}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C542903549', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422248', 'display_name': 'Monoclonal antibody', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.59145385}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C8891405', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059', 'display_name': 'Immune system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.561254}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776190903', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421817', 'display_name': 'Streptavidin', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5333645}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171250308', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468', 'display_name': 'Nanotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.51433504}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780674031', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2012719', 'display_name': 'Cancer immunotherapy', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.45562673}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C10390740', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2282401', 'display_name': 'Analyte', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4239182}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3628056}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.35438663}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777701055', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096', 'display_name': 'Immunotherapy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.3531308}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159654299', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460', 'display_name': 'Antibody', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.31691962}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.22365811}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C60644358', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570', 'display_name': 'Bioinformatics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.18214846}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14841914}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778204606', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181354', 'display_name': 'Biotin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.13871968}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12733307}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C43617362', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050', 'display_name': 'Chromatography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0933176}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D014408', 'descriptor_name': 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000302', 'qualifier_name': 'isolation & purification', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015374', 'descriptor_name': 'Biosensing Techniques', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009369', 'descriptor_name': 'Neoplasms', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000175', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnosis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D057127', 'descriptor_name': 'Single-Chain Antibodies', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000302', 'qualifier_name': 'isolation & purification', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014408', 'descriptor_name': 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014408', 'descriptor_name': 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006108', 'descriptor_name': 'Graphite', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006108', 'descriptor_name': 'Graphite', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D046210', 'descriptor_name': 'Microfluidic Analytical Techniques', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009369', 'descriptor_name': 'Neoplasms', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D057127', 'descriptor_name': 'Single-Chain Antibodies', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D057127', 'descriptor_name': 'Single-Chain Antibodies', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013059', 'descriptor_name': 'Spectrum Analysis, Raman', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.044', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S156181945', 'display_name': 'Biosensors and Bioelectronics', 'issn_l': '0956-5663', 'issn': ['0956-5663', '1873-4235'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30415152', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.63, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320320438', 'funder_display_name': 'National Breast Cancer Foundation', 'award_id': 'CG-12-07'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 38, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1584051973', 'https://openalex.org/W1978917667', 'https://openalex.org/W1985388560', 'https://openalex.org/W1993575340', 'https://openalex.org/W2009308842', 'https://openalex.org/W2022765285', 'https://openalex.org/W2033577259', 'https://openalex.org/W2043228552', 'https://openalex.org/W2046890061', 'https://openalex.org/W2049253063', 'https://openalex.org/W2063264144', 'https://openalex.org/W2065000496', 'https://openalex.org/W2066671159', 'https://openalex.org/W2073125824', 'https://openalex.org/W2090939538', 'https://openalex.org/W2091588319', 'https://openalex.org/W2091998550', 'https://openalex.org/W2096322385', 'https://openalex.org/W2119896120', 'https://openalex.org/W2122857078', 'https://openalex.org/W2132020367', 'https://openalex.org/W2162819001', 'https://openalex.org/W2166311080', 'https://openalex.org/W2180988057', 'https://openalex.org/W2203105979', 'https://openalex.org/W2292331991', 'https://openalex.org/W2298096260', 'https://openalex.org/W2329974159', 'https://openalex.org/W2403400382', 'https://openalex.org/W2532904425', 'https://openalex.org/W2567624224', 'https://openalex.org/W2600057763', 'https://openalex.org/W2603029028', 'https://openalex.org/W2618468622', 'https://openalex.org/W2885863354', 'https://openalex.org/W651492780', 'https://openalex.org/W775067209', 'https://openalex.org/W854617076'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4231285302', 'https://openalex.org/W3216620946', 'https://openalex.org/W3205845357', 'https://openalex.org/W2803061034', 'https://openalex.org/W2565428513', 'https://openalex.org/W2108851294', 'https://openalex.org/W2082761856', 'https://openalex.org/W2044949573', 'https://openalex.org/W2042502146', 'https://openalex.org/W2014128014'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Immune': [0], 'checkpoint': [1, 36, 89, 169], 'blockade': [2], 'therapies': [3], 'are': [4, 16, 24, 65], 'promising': [5, 106], 'next': [6], 'generation': [7], 'immunotherapeutic': [8], 'treatments': [9], 'for': [10, 27, 52, 84, 119], 'cancer.': [11], 'Whilst': [12], 'sequential': [13], 'solid': [14], 'biopsies': [15], 'an': [17, 76], 'invaluable': [18], 'source': [19], 'of': [20, 61, 87, 95, 137, 167, 186, 202], 'prognostic': [21], 'information,': [22], 'they': [23], 'not': [25], 'feasible': [26], 'monitoring': [28], 'therapeutic': [29], 'outcomes': [30], 'over': [31], 'time.': [32], 'Monitoring': [33], 'soluble': [34, 189], 'immune': [35, 88, 168, 190], 'markers': [37], 'expression': [38], 'in': [39, 205], 'body': [40], 'fluids': [41], 'could': [42], 'potentially': [43], 'be': [44], 'a': [45, 105, 142], 'better': [46], 'alternative.': [47], 'Current': [48], 'methods': [49], '(e.g.': [50], 'ELISA)': [51], 'detecting': [53], 'immune-checkpoint': [54], 'proteins': [55, 90], 'mostly': [56], 'rely': [57], 'on': [58], 'the': [59, 85, 93, 128, 134, 154, 160, 184], 'use': [60, 94], 'monoclonal': [62, 109], 'antibodies': [63, 110], 'which': [64, 91], 'expensive': [66], 'and': [67, 71, 117, 140, 158, 164, 194], 'time-consuming': [68], 'to': [69, 108, 126, 152], 'manufacture': [70], 'isolate.': [72], 'Herein,': [73], 'we': [74, 181], 'report': [75], 'integrated': [77], 'surface': [78, 125], 'enhanced': [79], 'Raman': [80], 'scattering': [81], '(SERS)-microfluidics': [82], 'device': [83], 'detection': [86, 166, 185], 'involves': [92], 'i)': [96], 'nano': [97], 'yeast': [98], 'single': [99], 'chain': [100], 'variable': [101], 'fragment': [102], '(scFv)': [103], 'as': [104, 197, 199], 'alternative': [107], 'providing': [111], 'high': [112], 'stability': [113], 'at': [114], 'relative': [115], 'low-cost': [116], 'simplicity': [118], 'production,': [120], 'ii)': [121], 'graphene': [122], 'oxide': [123], 'functionalised': [124], 'reduces': [127], 'bio': [129], 'functionalization': [130], 'steps,': [131], 'thus': [132], 'avoiding': [133], 'general': [135], 'paradigm': [136], 'biotin-streptavidin': [138], 'chemistry': [139], 'iii)': [141], 'microfluidic': [143], 'platform': [144], 'enabling': [145], 'alternating': [146], 'current': [147], 'electrohydrodynamics': [148], '(ac-EHD)': [149], 'induced': [150], 'nanomixing': [151], 'enhance': [153], 'target': [155], 'scFv': [156], 'binding': [157], 'minimize': [159], 'non-specific': [161], 'interactions.': [162], 'Specific': [163], 'multiplex': [165], 'biomarkers': [170], 'is': [171], 'achieved': [172], 'by': [173], 'SERS': [174], 'based': [175], 'spectral': [176], 'encoding.': [177], 'Using': [178], 'this': [179], 'platform,': [180], 'successfully': [182], 'demonstrated': [183], 'clinically': [187], 'relevant': [188], 'checkpoints': [191], 'PD-1,': [192], 'PD-L1': [193], 'LAG-3': [195], 'from': [196], 'low': [198], '100': [200], 'fg/mL': [201], 'analytes': [203], 'spiked': [204], 'human': [206], 'serum.': [207]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2898304980', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2024-08-21T20:34:44.431644', 'created_date': '2018-11-02'}