Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2896006854', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2018.1533136', 'title': 'Reflections and speculations on the progress in Geographic Information Systems (GIS): a geographic perspective', 'display_name': 'Reflections and speculations on the progress in Geographic Information Systems (GIS): a geographic perspective', 'publication_year': 2018, 'publication_date': '2018-10-19', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2896006854', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2018.1533136', 'mag': '2896006854'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2018.1533136', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13658816.2018.1533136?needAccess=true', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S111872859', 'display_name': 'International Journal of Geographical Information Science', 'issn_l': '1365-8816', 'issn': ['1365-8816', '1365-8824'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13658816.2018.1533136?needAccess=true', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5051394029', 'display_name': 'Guonian Lü', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6072-4199'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210141657', 'display_name': 'Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/045yewh40', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I152031979', 'https://openalex.org/I4210141657']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I152031979', 'display_name': 'Nanjing Normal University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/036trcv74', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I152031979']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Guonian Lü', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China', 'Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education of PRC, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210141657', 'https://openalex.org/I152031979']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education of PRC, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I152031979']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5003307854', 'display_name': 'Michael Batty', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9931-1305'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I45129253', 'display_name': 'University College London', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02jx3x895', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I45129253']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael Batty', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College London, London, UK'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College London, London, UK', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I45129253']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023815396', 'display_name': 'Josef Strobl', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6234-9812'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I182212641', 'display_name': 'University of Salzburg', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05gs8cd61', 'country_code': 'AT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I182212641']}], 'countries': ['AT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Josef Strobl', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Interfaculty Department of Geoinformatics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Interfaculty Department of Geoinformatics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I182212641']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100384030', 'display_name': 'Hui Lin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1151-7705'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I177725633', 'display_name': 'Chinese University of Hong Kong', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00t33hh48', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I177725633']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Hui Lin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I177725633']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5057571908', 'display_name': 'A‐Xing Zhu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5725-0460'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I135310074', 'display_name': 'University of Wisconsin–Madison', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01y2jtd41', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I135310074']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A-Xing Zhu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Wisconsin, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Wisconsin, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I135310074']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5062581654', 'display_name': 'Min Chen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8922-8789'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I152031979', 'display_name': 'Nanjing Normal University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/036trcv74', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I152031979']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210141657', 'display_name': 'Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/045yewh40', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I152031979', 'https://openalex.org/I4210141657']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Min Chen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China', 'Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education of PRC, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment, Ministry of Education of PRC, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I152031979']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210141657', 'https://openalex.org/I152031979']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 4, 'institutions_distinct_count': 6, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5062581654'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I152031979', 'https://openalex.org/I4210141657'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 66.351, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 228, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999889, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '33', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '346', 'last_page': '367'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10757', 'display_name': 'Geographic Information Systems Studies', 'score': 0.9988, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3305', 'display_name': 'Geography, Planning and Development'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10757', 'display_name': 'Geographic Information Systems Studies', 'score': 0.9988, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3305', 'display_name': 'Geography, Planning and Development'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11980', 'display_name': 'Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis', 'score': 0.9915, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3313', 'display_name': 'Transportation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11704', 'display_name': 'Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing', 'score': 0.9773, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1706', 'display_name': 'Computer Science Applications'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41856607', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130', 'display_name': 'Geographic information system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7845688}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C12713177', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281', 'display_name': 'Perspective (graphical)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7240894}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104345477', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5513523', 'display_name': 'GIS and public health', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.68225086}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.59858465}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C58640448', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515', 'display_name': 'Cartography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.48791525}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2522767166', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463', 'display_name': 'Data science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.48163882}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C56321713', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130', 'display_name': 'GIS applications', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.46906874}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C180198813', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121182', 'display_name': 'Information system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4279852}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C9770341', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983', 'display_name': 'Geospatial analysis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42261168}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C148383697', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695', 'display_name': 'Regional science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37201673}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2838933}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.18118}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.06275934}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119599485', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035', 'display_name': 'Electrical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2018.1533136', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13658816.2018.1533136?needAccess=true', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S111872859', 'display_name': 'International Journal of Geographical Information Science', 'issn_l': '1365-8816', 'issn': ['1365-8816', '1365-8824'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10063543/', 'pdf_url': 'https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10063543/1/Reflections%20and%20speculations%20on%20the%20progress%20in%20Geographic%20Information%20Systems%20GIS%20a%20geographic%20perspective.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400024', 'display_name': 'UCL Discovery (University College London)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I45129253', 'host_organization_name': 'University College London', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I45129253'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University College London'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10063543/1/Reflections%20and%20speculations%20on%20the%20progress%20in%20Geographic%20Information%20Systems%20GIS%20a%20geographic%20perspective.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10063543/1/Reflections%20and%20speculations%20on%20the%20progress%20in%20Geographic%20Information%20Systems%20GIS%20a%20geographic%20perspective.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400024', 'display_name': 'UCL Discovery (University College London)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I45129253', 'host_organization_name': 'University College London', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I45129253'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University College London'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2018.1533136', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13658816.2018.1533136?needAccess=true', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S111872859', 'display_name': 'International Journal of Geographical Information Science', 'issn_l': '1365-8816', 'issn': ['1365-8816', '1365-8824'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320321001', 'funder_display_name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'award_id': '41631175'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320327518', 'funder_display_name': 'Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions', 'award_id': '164320H116'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320335777', 'funder_display_name': 'National Key Research and Development Program of China', 'award_id': '2017YFB0503500'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 140, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1000394224', 'https://openalex.org/W136679497', 'https://openalex.org/W1480583224', 'https://openalex.org/W1481249923', 'https://openalex.org/W1559606296', 'https://openalex.org/W1560236292', 'https://openalex.org/W1562096493', 'https://openalex.org/W1563054692', 'https://openalex.org/W1566404621', 'https://openalex.org/W1569122635', 'https://openalex.org/W1577311482', 'https://openalex.org/W1586216651', 'https://openalex.org/W1595541243', 'https://openalex.org/W1607528751', 'https://openalex.org/W1678789391', 'https://openalex.org/W1702818996', 'https://openalex.org/W1895907870', 'https://openalex.org/W1908362383', 'https://openalex.org/W1964985505', 'https://openalex.org/W1966470704', 'https://openalex.org/W1969615469', 'https://openalex.org/W1971081817', 'https://openalex.org/W1971203813', 'https://openalex.org/W1971313333', 'https://openalex.org/W1981439987', 'https://openalex.org/W1983967597', 'https://openalex.org/W1985288162', 'https://openalex.org/W1985517811', 'https://openalex.org/W1988263197', 'https://openalex.org/W1991258476', 'https://openalex.org/W1998115058', 'https://openalex.org/W1998807797', 'https://openalex.org/W2001323649', 'https://openalex.org/W2003802442', 'https://openalex.org/W2014859833', 'https://openalex.org/W2015544772', 'https://openalex.org/W2016544595', 'https://openalex.org/W2018675252', 'https://openalex.org/W201916180', 'https://openalex.org/W2021870089', 'https://openalex.org/W2022766221', 'https://openalex.org/W2025822438', 'https://openalex.org/W2026472395', 'https://openalex.org/W2029575889', 'https://openalex.org/W2032268945', 'https://openalex.org/W2034031595', 'https://openalex.org/W2034835801', 'https://openalex.org/W2036637204', 'https://openalex.org/W2052611239', 'https://openalex.org/W2053972201', 'https://openalex.org/W2054074484', 'https://openalex.org/W2055184781', 'https://openalex.org/W2058962173', 'https://openalex.org/W2059255840', 'https://openalex.org/W2059886011', 'https://openalex.org/W2060774229', 'https://openalex.org/W2061321651', 'https://openalex.org/W2066147597', 'https://openalex.org/W2066473934', 'https://openalex.org/W2066985136', 'https://openalex.org/W2067982366', 'https://openalex.org/W2068309702', 'https://openalex.org/W2072090781', 'https://openalex.org/W2072659957', 'https://openalex.org/W2077690541', 'https://openalex.org/W2080226292', 'https://openalex.org/W2081978727', 'https://openalex.org/W2082968505', 'https://openalex.org/W2083177265', 'https://openalex.org/W2085880356', 'https://openalex.org/W2087054423', 'https://openalex.org/W2094385649', 'https://openalex.org/W2095632745', 'https://openalex.org/W2105503356', 'https://openalex.org/W2111373704', 'https://openalex.org/W2112334633', 'https://openalex.org/W2112459642', 'https://openalex.org/W2115349406', 'https://openalex.org/W2118534034', 'https://openalex.org/W2125826911', 'https://openalex.org/W2127200016', 'https://openalex.org/W2127513344', 'https://openalex.org/W2128636286', 'https://openalex.org/W2137100320', 'https://openalex.org/W2138083531', 'https://openalex.org/W2142391965', 'https://openalex.org/W2143802585', 'https://openalex.org/W2147002317', 'https://openalex.org/W2148940838', 'https://openalex.org/W2150592223', 'https://openalex.org/W2154327689', 'https://openalex.org/W2158310914', 'https://openalex.org/W2161565164', 'https://openalex.org/W2163957830', 'https://openalex.org/W2164273618', 'https://openalex.org/W2169016552', 'https://openalex.org/W2176982213', 'https://openalex.org/W2177008148', 'https://openalex.org/W2203034593', 'https://openalex.org/W2206337150', 'https://openalex.org/W2219940921', 'https://openalex.org/W2226205206', 'https://openalex.org/W2227772796', 'https://openalex.org/W2283391618', 'https://openalex.org/W2325520439', 'https://openalex.org/W2358733671', 'https://openalex.org/W2361243290', 'https://openalex.org/W2364092655', 'https://openalex.org/W2364967015', 'https://openalex.org/W2483932465', 'https://openalex.org/W2555464552', 'https://openalex.org/W2560985358', 'https://openalex.org/W2612554069', 'https://openalex.org/W2716781493', 'https://openalex.org/W2749967894', 'https://openalex.org/W2759717774', 'https://openalex.org/W2760369063', 'https://openalex.org/W2766331726', 'https://openalex.org/W2768752425', 'https://openalex.org/W2782996546', 'https://openalex.org/W2783777795', 'https://openalex.org/W2790618090', 'https://openalex.org/W2790994750', 'https://openalex.org/W2792478479', 'https://openalex.org/W2801538907', 'https://openalex.org/W2803252356', 'https://openalex.org/W2900945060', 'https://openalex.org/W2905161017', 'https://openalex.org/W2913367694', 'https://openalex.org/W3048844224', 'https://openalex.org/W3124899706', 'https://openalex.org/W3150305140', 'https://openalex.org/W3161037873', 'https://openalex.org/W4210628276', 'https://openalex.org/W4229692682', 'https://openalex.org/W4230355682', 'https://openalex.org/W4249476652', 'https://openalex.org/W4256442492', 'https://openalex.org/W4299538104', 'https://openalex.org/W576145674'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W653996709', 'https://openalex.org/W4214818710', 'https://openalex.org/W4205665237', 'https://openalex.org/W3155483442', 'https://openalex.org/W3018963510', 'https://openalex.org/W2970536257', 'https://openalex.org/W2312632102', 'https://openalex.org/W2209631380', 'https://openalex.org/W2045232354', 'https://openalex.org/W2003875241'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Great': [0], 'strides': [1], 'have': [2], 'been': [3], 'made': [4], 'in': [5], 'Geographic': [6], 'Information': [7], 'Systems': [8], '(GIS)': [9], 'research': [10], 'over': [11], 'the': [12, 32, 41, 65, 87], 'past': [13], 'half-century.': [14], 'However,': [15], 'this': [16], 'progress': [17], 'has': [18], 'created': [19], 'both': [20], 'opportunities': [21], 'and': [22, 51, 60, 67, 79, 91, 109], 'challenges.': [23], 'From': [24], 'a': [25], 'geographic': [26, 49, 54, 70, 73, 76, 80, 101, 112], 'perspective,': [27], 'certain': [28], 'challenges': [29], 'remain,': [30], 'including': [31], 'modelling': [33], 'of': [34, 43, 69, 107], 'geographic-featured': [35], 'environments': [36], 'with': [37], 'GIS': [38, 90, 114], 'data': [39], 'model,': [40], 'enhancement': [42], "GIS's": [44], 'analysis': [45, 50, 78], 'functions': [46], 'for': [47, 96, 99, 115], 'comprehensive': [48], 'achieving': [52], 'human-oriented': [53], 'information': [55, 71], 'presentation.': [56], 'Several': [57], 'basic': [58], 'theoretical': [59], 'technical': [61], 'ideas': [62], 'that': [63], 'follow': [64], 'workflow': [66], 'processes': [68], 'induction,': [72], 'scenario': [74], 'modelling,': [75], 'process': [77], 'environment': [81], 'representation': [82], 'are': [83], 'proposed': [84], 'to': [85], 'fill': [86], 'gaps': [88], 'between': [89], 'geography.': [92], 'We': [93], 'also': [94], 'call': [95], 'designing': [97], 'methods': [98], 'big': [100], 'data-oriented': [102], 'analysis,': [103], 'making': [104], 'best': [105], 'use': [106], 'videos': [108], 'developing': [110], 'virtual': [111], 'scenario-based': [113], 'further': [116], 'evolution.': [117]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2896006854', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 56}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 59}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 38}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 42}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-09T09:32:14.417866', 'created_date': '2018-10-26'}