Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2893425640', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal4230', 'title': 'Semantics derived automatically from language corpora contain human-like biases', 'display_name': 'Semantics derived automatically from language corpora contain human-like biases', 'publication_year': 2017, 'publication_date': '2017-04-13', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2893425640', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal4230', 'mag': '2893425640', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28408601'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal4230', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S3880285', 'display_name': 'Science', 'issn_l': '0036-8075', 'issn': ['0036-8075', '1095-9203'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315823', 'host_organization_name': 'American Association for the Advancement of Science', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315823'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Association for the Advancement of Science'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['arxiv', 'crossref', 'datacite', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/1608.07187', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101545719', 'display_name': 'Aylin Caliskan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7154-8629'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I29955533', 'display_name': 'Center for Information Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03jh5a977', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I29955533']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I20089843', 'display_name': 'Princeton University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hx57361', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I20089843']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Aylin Caliskan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I29955533', 'https://openalex.org/I20089843']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5009631016', 'display_name': 'Joanna J. Bryson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0021-0801'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I29955533', 'display_name': 'Center for Information Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03jh5a977', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I29955533']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I20089843', 'display_name': 'Princeton University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hx57361', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I20089843']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I51601045', 'display_name': 'University of Bath', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/002h8g185', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I51601045']}], 'countries': ['GB', 'US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Joanna J. Bryson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.', 'Department of Computer Science, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I29955533', 'https://openalex.org/I20089843']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Computer Science, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I51601045']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058102069', 'display_name': 'Arvind Narayanan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7176-4479'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I20089843', 'display_name': 'Princeton University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hx57361', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I20089843']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I29955533', 'display_name': 'Center for Information Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03jh5a977', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299022934', 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'https://openalex.org/I29955533']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Arvind Narayanan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Center for Information Technology Policy, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I20089843', 'https://openalex.org/I29955533']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5101545719', 'https://openalex.org/A5009631016', 'https://openalex.org/A5058102069'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I29955533', 'https://openalex.org/I20089843', 'https://openalex.org/I29955533', 'https://openalex.org/I20089843', 'https://openalex.org/I51601045', 'https://openalex.org/I20089843', 'https://openalex.org/I29955533'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 105.576, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 2347, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999934, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '356', 'issue': '6334', 'first_page': '183', 'last_page': '186'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12520', 'display_name': 'Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment', 'score': 0.9929, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12520', 'display_name': 'Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment', 'score': 0.9929, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10883', 'display_name': 'Ethics and Social Impacts of AI', 'score': 0.9918, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3311', 'display_name': 'Safety Research'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12380', 'display_name': 'Authorship Attribution and Profiling', 'score': 0.9883, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embedding', 'display_name': 'Word embedding', 'score': 0.6291649}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/replicate', 'display_name': 'Replicate', 'score': 0.48310208}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/prejudice', 'display_name': 'Prejudice (legal term)', 'score': 0.44324315}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777462759', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344', 'display_name': 'Word embedding', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6291649}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.62706023}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5837397}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777267654', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023', 'display_name': 'Test (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.51701915}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204321447', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642', 'display_name': 'Natural language processing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4963606}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781162219', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26250693', 'display_name': 'Replicate', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48310208}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C90805587', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557', 'display_name': 'Word (group theory)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48231888}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184337299', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428', 'display_name': 'Semantics (computer science)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4680438}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C88548561', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q347599', 'display_name': 'sort', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4511369}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107062074', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109701697', 'display_name': 'Prejudice (legal term)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44324315}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.39882642}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C180747234', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373', 'display_name': 'Cognitive psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37603468}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41608201', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509', 'display_name': 'Embedding', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3743642}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.27579135}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77805123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272', 'display_name': 'Social psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.26550072}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C23123220', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826', 'display_name': 'Information retrieval', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1181933}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D007802', 'descriptor_name': 'Language', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000069550', 'descriptor_name': 'Machine Learning', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012660', 'descriptor_name': 'Semantics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001244', 'descriptor_name': 'Association', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D020407', 'descriptor_name': 'Internet', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009275', 'descriptor_name': 'Names', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012737', 'descriptor_name': 'Sex Factors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 6, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aal4230', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S3880285', 'display_name': 'Science', 'issn_l': '0036-8075', 'issn': ['0036-8075', '1095-9203'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315823', 'host_organization_name': 'American Association for the Advancement of Science', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315823'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Association for the Advancement of Science'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.07187', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/1608.07187', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://opus.bath.ac.uk/55288/4/CaliskanEtAl_authors_full.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/files/168480066/CaliskanEtAl_authors_full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401631', 'display_name': 'The University of Bath Online Publications Store (The University of Bath)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I51601045', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Bath', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I51601045'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Bath'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://purehost.bath.ac.uk/ws/files/168480066/CaliskanEtAl_authors_full.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://purehost.bath.ac.uk/ws/files/168480066/CaliskanEtAl_authors_full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4377196294', 'display_name': 'Pure (University of Bath)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I51601045', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Bath', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I51601045'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Bath'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28408601', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://api.datacite.org/dois/10.48550/arxiv.1608.07187', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4393179698', 'display_name': 'DataCite API', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210145204', 'host_organization_name': 'DataCite', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210145204'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['DataCite'], 'type': 'metadata'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.07187', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/1608.07187', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.69, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4', 'display_name': 'Quality education'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': ['https://openalex.org/W2893425640', 'https://openalex.org/W3105700579'], 'referenced_works_count': 54, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W113586804', 'https://openalex.org/W1520221420', 'https://openalex.org/W1537798566', 'https://openalex.org/W1614298861', 'https://openalex.org/W1662133657', 'https://openalex.org/W1723619723', 'https://openalex.org/W1819662813', 'https://openalex.org/W1978400666', 'https://openalex.org/W1981398747', 'https://openalex.org/W1994939056', 'https://openalex.org/W2005245615', 'https://openalex.org/W2014352947', 'https://openalex.org/W2026554312', 'https://openalex.org/W2044024269', 'https://openalex.org/W2045502355', 'https://openalex.org/W2066255970', 'https://openalex.org/W2095932468', 'https://openalex.org/W2100960835', 'https://openalex.org/W2102225743', 'https://openalex.org/W2108193005', 'https://openalex.org/W2140534852', 'https://openalex.org/W2140679639', 'https://openalex.org/W2145574511', 'https://openalex.org/W2149280200', 'https://openalex.org/W2153579005', 'https://openalex.org/W2157202554', 'https://openalex.org/W2157412549', 'https://openalex.org/W2162670686', 'https://openalex.org/W2236311326', 'https://openalex.org/W2250539671', 'https://openalex.org/W2279213940', 'https://openalex.org/W2314277314', 'https://openalex.org/W2418725302', 'https://openalex.org/W2483215953', 'https://openalex.org/W2495578787', 'https://openalex.org/W2550198158', 'https://openalex.org/W2899570017', 'https://openalex.org/W2950018712', 'https://openalex.org/W3123223998', 'https://openalex.org/W3123374861', 'https://openalex.org/W39976646', 'https://openalex.org/W4230960144', 'https://openalex.org/W4231165370', 'https://openalex.org/W4234178157', 'https://openalex.org/W4243515250', 'https://openalex.org/W4243827475', 'https://openalex.org/W4246558675', 'https://openalex.org/W4249945749', 'https://openalex.org/W4253260352', 'https://openalex.org/W4294170691', 'https://openalex.org/W4298186458', 'https://openalex.org/W4298246334', 'https://openalex.org/W4375819112', 'https://openalex.org/W98685789'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4394550905', 'https://openalex.org/W4286432911', 'https://openalex.org/W4254851101', 'https://openalex.org/W3171007296', 'https://openalex.org/W3134737443', 'https://openalex.org/W2470062578', 'https://openalex.org/W2321234655', 'https://openalex.org/W2211931904', 'https://openalex.org/W22115721', 'https://openalex.org/W2065444835'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Artificial': [0], 'intelligence': [1], 'and': [2, 31, 86, 122, 203, 219, 230], 'machine': [3, 56, 171, 220], 'learning': [4, 57, 172], 'are': [5, 14, 66, 131, 168], 'in': [6, 195], 'a': [7, 73, 95, 107], 'period': [8], 'of': [9, 54, 63, 75, 109, 125, 157, 177, 227], 'astounding': [10], 'growth.': [11], 'However,': [12], 'there': [13], 'concerns': [15], 'that': [16, 33, 46, 117, 238], 'these': [17, 93, 130], 'technologies': [18], 'may': [19], 'be': [20], 'used,': [21, 97], 'either': [22], 'with': [23, 159, 174], 'or': [24, 137, 143, 145, 163], 'without': [25], 'intention,': [26], 'to': [27, 58, 68, 161, 181, 241], 'perpetuate': [28], 'the': [29, 43, 52, 82, 102, 112, 150, 155, 175, 197, 204, 225, 236, 247], 'prejudice': [30], 'unfairness': [32], 'unfortunately': [34], 'characterizes': [35], 'many': [36], 'human': [37, 77, 231], 'institutions.': [38], 'Here': [39], 'we': [40, 187, 249], 'show': [41], 'for': [42, 154, 192, 217, 224, 246], 'first': [44, 164], 'time': [45], 'human-like': [47], 'semantic': [48], 'biases': [49, 78, 248], 'result': [50], 'from': [51, 111], 'application': [53], 'standard': [55, 76], 'ordinary': [59], 'language---the': [60], 'same': [61], 'sort': [62], 'language': [64, 118, 243], 'humans': [65], 'exposed': [67, 80], 'every': [69], 'day.': [70], 'We': [71, 91], 'replicate': [72, 92, 250], 'spectrum': [74], 'as': [79, 134, 140], 'by': [81, 170], 'Implicit': [83], 'Association': [84, 200, 208], 'Test': [85, 201, 209], 'other': [87], 'well-known': [88], 'psychological': [89], 'studies.': [90], 'using': [94], 'widely': [96], 'purely': [98], 'statistical': [99], 'machine-learning': [100], 'model---namely,': [101], 'GloVe': [103], 'word': [104], 'embedding---trained': [105], 'on': [106], 'corpus': [108], 'text': [110], 'Web.': [113], 'Our': [114, 211], 'results': [115, 212], 'indicate': [116], 'itself': [119], 'contains': [120], 'recoverable': [121], 'accurate': [123], 'imprints': [124], 'our': [126, 182], 'historic': [127], 'biases,': [128], 'whether': [129], 'morally': [132], 'neutral': [133], 'towards': [135, 141], 'insects': [136], 'flowers,': [138], 'problematic': [139], 'race': [142], 'gender,': [144], 'even': [146], 'simply': [147], 'veridical,': [148], 'reflecting': [149], '{\\em': [151], 'status': [152], 'quo}': [153], 'distribution': [156], 'gender': [158], 'respect': [160], 'careers': [162], 'names.': [165], 'These': [166], 'regularities': [167], 'captured': [169], 'along': [173], 'rest': [176], 'semantics.': [178], 'In': [179], 'addition': [180], 'empirical': [183], 'findings': [184], 'concerning': [185], 'language,': [186], 'also': [188, 223], 'contribute': [189], 'new': [190], 'methods': [191], 'evaluating': [193], 'bias': [194], 'text,': [196], 'Word': [198, 205], 'Embedding': [199, 206], '(WEAT)': [202], 'Factual': [207], '(WEFAT).': [210], 'have': [213], 'implications': [214], 'not': [215], 'only': [216], 'AI': [218], 'learning,': [221], 'but': [222], 'fields': [226], 'psychology,': [228], 'sociology,': [229], 'ethics,': [232], 'since': [233], 'they': [234], 'raise': [235], 'possibility': [237], 'mere': [239], 'exposure': [240], 'everyday': [242], 'can': [244], 'account': [245], 'here.': [251]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2893425640', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 286}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 415}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 332}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 443}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 378}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 255}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 153}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 48}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-21T15:39:31.785908', 'created_date': '2018-10-05'}