Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2892213110', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201802394', 'title': 'Recent Advances of Optical Imaging in the Second Near‐Infrared Window', 'display_name': 'Recent Advances of Optical Imaging in the Second Near‐Infrared Window', 'publication_year': 2018, 'publication_date': '2018-09-04', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2892213110', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201802394', 'mag': '2892213110', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30182451'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201802394', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S99352657', 'display_name': 'Advanced Materials', 'issn_l': '0935-9648', 'issn': ['0935-9648', '1521-4095'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5040631695', 'display_name': 'Kenry Kenry', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165932596', 'display_name': 'National University of Singapore', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01tgyzw49', 'country_code': 'SG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165932596']}], 'countries': ['SG'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'None Kenry', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585 Singapore'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585 Singapore', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165932596']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5043669999', 'display_name': 'Yukun Duan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3299-0822'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165932596', 'display_name': 'National University of Singapore', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01tgyzw49', 'country_code': 'SG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165932596']}], 'countries': ['SG'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yukun Duan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585 Singapore'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585 Singapore', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165932596']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100395468', 'display_name': 'Bin Liu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0956-2777'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165932596', 'display_name': 'National University of Singapore', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01tgyzw49', 'country_code': 'SG', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165932596']}], 'countries': ['SG'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Bin Liu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585 Singapore'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585 Singapore', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165932596']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5100395468'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165932596'], 'apc_list': {'value': 5250, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 5250, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 6.958, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 656, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.99894, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '30', 'issue': '47', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10782', 'display_name': 'Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10782', 'display_name': 'Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12015', 'display_name': 'Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10958', 'display_name': 'Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications', 'score': 0.9951, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/autofluorescence', 'display_name': 'Autofluorescence', 'score': 0.69295496}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-imaging', 'display_name': 'Biological Imaging', 'score': 0.63332987}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/fluorescence-lifetime-imaging-microscopy', 'display_name': 'Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy', 'score': 0.46783128}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C43571822', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599037', 'display_name': 'Near-infrared spectroscopy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8042983}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.71920747}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C179687394', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826281', 'display_name': 'Autofluorescence', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.69295496}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779884411', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4914995', 'display_name': 'Biological imaging', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.63332987}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C92630104', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115103', 'display_name': 'Optical imaging', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5859887}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54932901', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187705', 'display_name': 'Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52514434}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57477423', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434196', 'display_name': 'Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.46783128}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C91881484', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191807', 'display_name': 'Fluorescence', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4514531}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.44427702}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171250308', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468', 'display_name': 'Nanotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.385334}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136229726', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092', 'display_name': 'Biomedical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3337852}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.09171978}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201802394', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S99352657', 'display_name': 'Advanced Materials', 'issn_l': '0935-9648', 'issn': ['0935-9648', '1521-4095'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30182451', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320320698', 'funder_display_name': 'National University of Singapore', 'award_id': 'R279‐000‐482‐133'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320320709', 'funder_display_name': 'National Research Foundation Singapore', 'award_id': 'R279‐000‐483‐281'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 130, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W109623613', 'https://openalex.org/W1963614257', 'https://openalex.org/W1965003174', 'https://openalex.org/W1965509417', 'https://openalex.org/W1967452415', 'https://openalex.org/W1969515720', 'https://openalex.org/W1982848381', 'https://openalex.org/W1984705626', 'https://openalex.org/W1988189635', 'https://openalex.org/W1988518461', 'https://openalex.org/W1992009035', 'https://openalex.org/W1992406775', 'https://openalex.org/W1995651581', 'https://openalex.org/W1996258924', 'https://openalex.org/W1997431187', 'https://openalex.org/W1997479687', 'https://openalex.org/W2001673706', 'https://openalex.org/W2007854891', 'https://openalex.org/W2012079485', 'https://openalex.org/W2014358738', 'https://openalex.org/W2023074414', 'https://openalex.org/W2030964111', 'https://openalex.org/W2032055822', 'https://openalex.org/W2040532000', 'https://openalex.org/W2041243298', 'https://openalex.org/W2043520908', 'https://openalex.org/W2044621668', 'https://openalex.org/W2047739340', 'https://openalex.org/W2047759928', 'https://openalex.org/W2049486757', 'https://openalex.org/W2050366771', 'https://openalex.org/W2051511277', 'https://openalex.org/W2054288014', 'https://openalex.org/W2058595165', 'https://openalex.org/W2059246878', 'https://openalex.org/W2061529290', 'https://openalex.org/W2061830079', 'https://openalex.org/W2067203318', 'https://openalex.org/W2073948019', 'https://openalex.org/W2074707269', 'https://openalex.org/W2079625753', 'https://openalex.org/W2087594141', 'https://openalex.org/W2095471414', 'https://openalex.org/W2096097264', 'https://openalex.org/W2099199155', 'https://openalex.org/W2105315565', 'https://openalex.org/W2114785263', 'https://openalex.org/W2115166581', 'https://openalex.org/W2115477315', 'https://openalex.org/W2118164359', 'https://openalex.org/W2118651718', 'https://openalex.org/W2119507443', 'https://openalex.org/W2127841706', 'https://openalex.org/W2128339343', 'https://openalex.org/W2137168276', 'https://openalex.org/W2137682223', 'https://openalex.org/W2143345040', 'https://openalex.org/W2146595615', 'https://openalex.org/W2154538395', 'https://openalex.org/W2159182565', 'https://openalex.org/W2163040806', 'https://openalex.org/W2163830997', 'https://openalex.org/W2168418138', 'https://openalex.org/W2170743955', 'https://openalex.org/W2177603935', 'https://openalex.org/W2186254244', 'https://openalex.org/W2220183067', 'https://openalex.org/W2261575366', 'https://openalex.org/W2281728970', 'https://openalex.org/W2300256369', 'https://openalex.org/W2315759364', 'https://openalex.org/W2319279715', 'https://openalex.org/W2323223594', 'https://openalex.org/W2324564321', 'https://openalex.org/W2325139724', 'https://openalex.org/W2330809959', 'https://openalex.org/W2334075244', 'https://openalex.org/W2334394220', 'https://openalex.org/W2406714350', 'https://openalex.org/W2411382454', 'https://openalex.org/W2416606193', 'https://openalex.org/W2420469907', 'https://openalex.org/W2470585790', 'https://openalex.org/W2474382980', 'https://openalex.org/W2484448248', 'https://openalex.org/W2500522403', 'https://openalex.org/W2530944470', 'https://openalex.org/W2533023495', 'https://openalex.org/W2554121620', 'https://openalex.org/W2554994428', 'https://openalex.org/W2556863298', 'https://openalex.org/W2559550576', 'https://openalex.org/W2569658671', 'https://openalex.org/W2579122533', 'https://openalex.org/W2580326122', 'https://openalex.org/W2580468675', 'https://openalex.org/W2581453412', 'https://openalex.org/W2582561014', 'https://openalex.org/W2592555235', 'https://openalex.org/W2593341974', 'https://openalex.org/W2604853055', 'https://openalex.org/W2605167804', 'https://openalex.org/W2606668319', 'https://openalex.org/W2614165899', 'https://openalex.org/W2614204498', 'https://openalex.org/W2691382400', 'https://openalex.org/W2727271995', 'https://openalex.org/W2742769599', 'https://openalex.org/W2754873054', 'https://openalex.org/W2757730953', 'https://openalex.org/W2760538791', 'https://openalex.org/W2761010751', 'https://openalex.org/W2764046217', 'https://openalex.org/W2769146346', 'https://openalex.org/W2770597987', 'https://openalex.org/W2771637093', 'https://openalex.org/W2775260576', 'https://openalex.org/W2775348980', 'https://openalex.org/W2775826589', 'https://openalex.org/W2779966385', 'https://openalex.org/W2782748022', 'https://openalex.org/W2785642747', 'https://openalex.org/W2786965675', 'https://openalex.org/W2787221008', 'https://openalex.org/W2789470260', 'https://openalex.org/W2792029853', 'https://openalex.org/W2805542742', 'https://openalex.org/W3122175919', 'https://openalex.org/W4232364319', 'https://openalex.org/W4244405374'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W943367353', 'https://openalex.org/W3140843298', 'https://openalex.org/W2101494782', 'https://openalex.org/W2078437878', 'https://openalex.org/W2037276225', 'https://openalex.org/W2035312959', 'https://openalex.org/W2009432835', 'https://openalex.org/W1966978880', 'https://openalex.org/W1833947617', 'https://openalex.org/W1672167011'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'The': [1], 'near‐infrared': [2, 13], 'window': [3, 50, 142], 'between': [4, 37, 51], '1000': [5], 'and': [6, 39, 53, 69, 73, 88, 130, 160, 167, 171, 181], '1700': [7], 'nm,': [8, 41, 55], 'commonly': [9], 'termed': [10], 'the': [11, 34, 46, 94, 109, 134, 140, 148, 154, 158, 179], '“second': [12], '(NIR‐II)': [14], 'window,”': [15], 'has': [16, 118], 'quickly': [17], 'emerged': [18], 'as': [19, 42, 44], 'a': [20], 'highly': [21], 'attractive': [22], 'optical': [23, 71, 98, 137], 'region': [24, 36], 'for': [25, 127], 'biological': [26, 57, 76, 116, 151], 'imaging.': [27], 'In': [28], 'contrast': [29, 103], 'to': [30, 108, 123], 'conventional': [31], 'imaging': [32, 58, 83, 117, 138, 152, 169], 'in': [33, 45, 139, 153], 'visible': [35], '400': [38], '700': [40, 52], 'well': [43], 'first': [47], 'NIR': [48], '(NIR‐I)': [49], '900': [54], 'NIR‐II': [56, 86, 97, 102, 115, 141, 155, 165], 'offers': [59], 'numerous': [60], 'merits,': [61], 'including': [62], 'higher': [63], 'spatial': [64], 'resolution,': [65], 'deeper': [66], 'penetration': [67], 'depth,': [68], 'lower': [70], 'absorption': [72], 'scattering': [74], 'from': [75], 'substrates': [77], 'with': [78, 100, 146], 'minimal': [79], 'tissue': [80], 'autofluorescence.': [81], 'Noninvasive': [82], 'techniques,': [84], 'specifically': [85], 'fluorescence': [87, 166], 'photoacoustic': [89], '(PA)': [90], 'imaging,': [91, 99], 'have': [92], 'embodied': [93], 'attractiveness': [95], 'of': [96, 136, 150, 163], 'several': [101], 'agents': [104], 'demonstrating': [105], 'superior': [106], 'performance': [107], 'clinically': [110], 'approved': [111], 'NIR‐I': [112], 'agents.': [113], 'Consequently,': [114], 'been': [119], 'increasingly': [120], 'explored': [121], 'due': [122], 'its': [124], 'tremendous': [125], 'potential': [126], 'preclinical': [128], 'studies': [129], 'clinical': [131], 'utility.': [132], 'Herein,': [133], 'progress': [135], 'is': [143], 'reported.': [144], 'Starting': [145], 'highlighting': [147], 'importance': [149], 'spectral': [156], 'region,': [157], 'emergence': [159], 'latest': [161], 'development': [162], 'various': [164], 'PA': [168], 'probes': [170], 'their': [172], 'applications': [173], 'are': [174, 189], 'then': [175, 190], 'discussed.': [176], 'Perspectives': [177], 'on': [178], 'promises': [180], 'challenges': [182], 'facing': [183], 'this': [184], 'nascent': [185], 'yet': [186], 'exciting': [187], 'field': [188], 'given.': [191]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2892213110', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 118}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 110}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 128}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 118}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 106}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 63}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-24T08:40:36.983990', 'created_date': '2018-09-27'}