Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2886903305', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11081385', 'title': 'A Study on Preparation and Stabilizing Mechanism of Hydrophobic Silica Nanofluids', 'display_name': 'A Study on Preparation and Stabilizing Mechanism of Hydrophobic Silica Nanofluids', 'publication_year': 2018, 'publication_date': '2018-08-08', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2886903305', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11081385', 'mag': '2886903305', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30096836', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6120026'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11081385', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/8/1385/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S18714766', 'display_name': 'Materials', 'issn_l': '1996-1944', 'issn': ['1996-1944'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310310987', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310310987'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'doaj', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/8/1385/pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5067597147', 'display_name': 'Mingwei Zhao', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9671-8206'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210162190', 'display_name': 'China University of Petroleum, East China', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05gbn2817', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210162190']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Mingwei Zhao', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Petroleum Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Petroleum Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210162190']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5089463869', 'display_name': 'Wenjiao Lv', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210162190', 'display_name': 'China University of Petroleum, East China', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05gbn2817', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210162190']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Wenjiao Lv', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Petroleum Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Petroleum Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210162190']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100317612', 'display_name': 'Yuyang Li', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0718-8128'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210162190', 'display_name': 'China University of Petroleum, East China', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05gbn2817', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210162190']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yuyang Li', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Petroleum Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Petroleum Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210162190']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5067396837', 'display_name': 'Caili Dai', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7477-8865'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210162190', 'display_name': 'China University of Petroleum, East China', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05gbn2817', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210162190']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Caili Dai', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Petroleum Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Petroleum Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210162190']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5021109570', 'display_name': 'Hongda Zhou', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6643-5563'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210162190', 'display_name': 'China University of Petroleum, East China', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05gbn2817', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210162190']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Hongda Zhou', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Petroleum Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Petroleum Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210162190']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5080451931', 'display_name': 'Xuguang Song', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210162190', 'display_name': 'China University of Petroleum, East China', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05gbn2817', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210162190']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Xuguang Song', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Petroleum Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Petroleum Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210162190']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5001446924', 'display_name': 'Yining Wu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6884-4865'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210162190', 'display_name': 'China University of Petroleum, East China', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05gbn2817', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210162190']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yining Wu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Petroleum Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Petroleum Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210162190']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5067597147', 'https://openalex.org/A5067396837'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210162190', 'https://openalex.org/I4210162190'], 'apc_list': {'value': 2300, 'currency': 'CHF', 'value_usd': 2490, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 2300, 'currency': 'CHF', 'value_usd': 2490, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 2.643, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 45, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.782119, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '11', 'issue': '8', 'first_page': '1385', 'last_page': '1385'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10104', 'display_name': 'Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10104', 'display_name': 'Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11945', 'display_name': 'Heat Transfer Mechanisms', 'score': 0.9893, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2210', 'display_name': 'Mechanical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10850', 'display_name': 'Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies', 'score': 0.9854, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2210', 'display_name': 'Mechanical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/zeta-potential', 'display_name': 'Zeta potential', 'score': 0.82476974}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrophobic-silica', 'display_name': 'Hydrophobic silica', 'score': 0.46805686}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C21946209', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1989679', 'display_name': 'Nanofluid', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9985418}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86181022', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196823', 'display_name': 'Zeta potential', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.82476974}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.7347419}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C58226133', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324199', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary surfactant', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6903371}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42360764', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588', 'display_name': 'Chemical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.56622}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118129440', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5948930', 'display_name': 'Hydrophobic silica', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46805686}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C155672457', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231', 'display_name': 'Nanoparticle', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4295266}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171250308', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468', 'display_name': 'Nanotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34348258}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.23169944}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 6, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11081385', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/8/1385/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S18714766', 'display_name': 'Materials', 'issn_l': '1996-1944', 'issn': ['1996-1944'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310310987', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310310987'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/9a3ed33320f447e4a2952b059444f0dd', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc6120026', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc6120026?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11081385', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/8/1385/pdf?version=1533733711', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400947', 'display_name': 'MDPI (MDPI AG)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I4210097602', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210097602'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6120026', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30096836', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11081385', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/8/1385/pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S18714766', 'display_name': 'Materials', 'issn_l': '1996-1944', 'issn': ['1996-1944'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310310987', 'host_organization_name': 'Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310310987'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6', 'score': 0.57, 'display_name': 'Clean water and sanitation'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 38, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1484579866', 'https://openalex.org/W1976113005', 'https://openalex.org/W1980599121', 'https://openalex.org/W1981064594', 'https://openalex.org/W1989014269', 'https://openalex.org/W1993112559', 'https://openalex.org/W2003707609', 'https://openalex.org/W2004490745', 'https://openalex.org/W2012618081', 'https://openalex.org/W2015946765', 'https://openalex.org/W2016779203', 'https://openalex.org/W2023925075', 'https://openalex.org/W2024363044', 'https://openalex.org/W2036348078', 'https://openalex.org/W2040819931', 'https://openalex.org/W2047086765', 'https://openalex.org/W2051050157', 'https://openalex.org/W2053890168', 'https://openalex.org/W2068038488', 'https://openalex.org/W2069089271', 'https://openalex.org/W2072096676', 'https://openalex.org/W2078214370', 'https://openalex.org/W2080146158', 'https://openalex.org/W2083002205', 'https://openalex.org/W2087330409', 'https://openalex.org/W2088395508', 'https://openalex.org/W2108449305', 'https://openalex.org/W2134616821', 'https://openalex.org/W2204689457', 'https://openalex.org/W2362279164', 'https://openalex.org/W2477868913', 'https://openalex.org/W2509798829', 'https://openalex.org/W2531644217', 'https://openalex.org/W2587464720', 'https://openalex.org/W2777108333', 'https://openalex.org/W2791877837', 'https://openalex.org/W4300925974', 'https://openalex.org/W818250624'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4387013174', 'https://openalex.org/W3150003624', 'https://openalex.org/W3005225185', 'https://openalex.org/W2886903305', 'https://openalex.org/W2809186558', 'https://openalex.org/W2754636322', 'https://openalex.org/W2587229151', 'https://openalex.org/W2316978273', 'https://openalex.org/W2063777876', 'https://openalex.org/W1938556690'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Nanofluids': [0], 'have': [1], 'increasingly': [2], 'drawn': [3], 'interest': [4], 'in': [5, 12, 68], 'recent': [6], 'years': [7], 'with': [8], 'their': [9], 'various': [10], 'applications': [11], 'a': [13, 26, 54, 109], 'number': [14], 'of': [15, 22, 33, 41, 44, 53, 72, 81, 90, 99, 108, 119], 'fields.': [16], 'The': [17], 'method': [18], 'for': [19, 29, 105, 116, 126], 'the': [20, 31, 39, 51, 70, 73, 79, 82, 97, 102, 106, 117], 'preparation': [21, 107], 'stable': [23, 131], 'nanofluids': [24], 'is': [25], 'key': [27], 'concern': [28], 'extending': [30], 'application': [32], 'nanofluids.': [34], 'This': [35], 'study': [36], 'focuses': [37], 'on': [38, 50, 87], 'effect': [40], 'pH,': [42, 88], 'dosage': [43, 89], 'surfactant': [45, 91], '(TX-100),': [46, 92], 'and': [47, 59, 93, 122, 124, 130], 'nanofluid': [48, 84, 94, 111, 133], 'concentration': [49, 118], 'stability': [52, 71, 80], 'silica': [55, 74, 83, 110, 120, 132], 'nanofluid.': [56, 75], 'Particle': [57], 'size': [58], 'zeta': [60], 'potential': [61], 'are': [62, 112], 'two': [63], 'important': [64], 'factors': [65], 'to': [66], 'consider': [67], 'evaluating': [69], 'Results': [76], 'indicate': [77], 'that': [78], 'highly': [85], 'depends': [86], 'concentration.': [95], 'On': [96], 'basis': [98], 'these': [100], 'experiments,': [101], 'best': [103], 'conditions': [104], '0.1': [113], 'wt.': [114], '%': [115], 'nanoparticles': [121], 'TX-100': [123], '10': [125], 'pH.': [127], 'A': [128], 'transparent': [129], 'can': [134], 'thus': [135], 'be': [136], 'obtained.': [137]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2886903305', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 5}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-08T15:54:34.642903', 'created_date': '2018-08-22'}