Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2886419100', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1787/094bdaa5-en', 'title': 'Public Finance, Economic Growth and Inequality', 'display_name': 'Public Finance, Economic Growth and Inequality', 'publication_year': 2016, 'publication_date': '2016-12-15', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2886419100', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1787/094bdaa5-en', 'mag': '2886419100'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1787/094bdaa5-en', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/deliver/094bdaa5-en.pdf?itemId=%2Fcontent%2Fpaper%2F094bdaa5-en&mimeType=pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210239538', 'display_name': 'OECD Economics Department working papers', 'issn_l': '1815-1973', 'issn': ['1815-1973'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'paratext', 'type_crossref': 'report-series', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/deliver/094bdaa5-en.pdf?itemId=%2Fcontent%2Fpaper%2F094bdaa5-en&mimeType=pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5062355832', 'display_name': 'Marc A. Fournier', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-346X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1288051870', 'display_name': 'Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0438wbg98', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1288051870']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Marc Fournier', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['OECD Economics Department, 2 rue André Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'OECD Economics Department, 2 rue André Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1288051870']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5048191541', 'display_name': 'Peter Hoeller', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1288051870', 'display_name': 'Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0438wbg98', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1288051870']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Peter Hoeller', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['OECD Economics Department, 2 rue André Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'OECD Economics Department, 2 rue André Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1288051870']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5035088300', 'display_name': 'Christian Kastrop', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1288051870', 'display_name': 'Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0438wbg98', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1288051870']}], 'countries': ['FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Christian Kastrop', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['OECD Economics Department, 2 rue André Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'OECD Economics Department, 2 rue André Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1288051870']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 24, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.988866, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 92, 'max': 93}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': True, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11770', 'display_name': 'Impact of Infrastructure and Taxation on Economic Growth', 'score': 0.9855, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11770', 'display_name': 'Impact of Infrastructure and Taxation on Economic Growth', 'score': 0.9855, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10446', 'display_name': 'Income Inequality and Poverty Dynamics', 'score': 0.9121, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/equity', 'display_name': 'Equity (law)', 'score': 0.53618836}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/consumption', 'display_name': 'Consumption (sociology)', 'score': 0.52600753}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/taxation', 'display_name': 'Taxation', 'score': 0.514772}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth', 'display_name': 'Economic Growth', 'score': 0.511758}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/redistribution', 'display_name': 'Redistribution (election)', 'score': 0.47935873}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/stock', 'display_name': 'Stock (firearms)', 'score': 0.4782985}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/public-spending', 'display_name': 'Public spending', 'score': 0.45364946}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.78836304}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C513380476', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020', 'display_name': 'Economic inequality', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.62753844}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C45555294', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351', 'display_name': 'Inequality', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.57134646}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781356325', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929688', 'display_name': 'Government spending', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.56406987}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199728807', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557', 'display_name': 'Equity (law)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.53618836}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C30772137', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762', 'display_name': 'Consumption (sociology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52600753}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178283979', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274490', 'display_name': 'Public finance', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49311587}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145236788', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161', 'display_name': 'Labour economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.48375988}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C74080474', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7305975', 'display_name': 'Redistribution (election)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.47935873}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204036174', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909380', 'display_name': 'Stock (firearms)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4782985}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2994282536', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929688', 'display_name': 'Public spending', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.45364946}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C100243477', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092', 'display_name': 'Welfare', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44735867}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C100001284', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246', 'display_name': 'Public economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42545068}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110458093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155757', 'display_name': 'Redistribution of income and wealth', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42273805}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139719470', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680', 'display_name': 'Macroeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.22322461}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778126366', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171', 'display_name': 'Unemployment', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.14702132}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C34447519', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522', 'display_name': 'Market economy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.095665306}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78519656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333', 'display_name': 'Mechanical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134306372', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754', 'display_name': 'Mathematical analysis', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C36289849', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749', 'display_name': 'Social science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1787/094bdaa5-en', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/deliver/094bdaa5-en.pdf?itemId=%2Fcontent%2Fpaper%2F094bdaa5-en&mimeType=pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210239538', 'display_name': 'OECD Economics Department working papers', 'issn_l': '1815-1973', 'issn': ['1815-1973'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1787/094bdaa5-en', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/deliver/094bdaa5-en.pdf?itemId=%2Fcontent%2Fpaper%2F094bdaa5-en&mimeType=pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210239538', 'display_name': 'OECD Economics Department working papers', 'issn_l': '1815-1973', 'issn': ['1815-1973'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1', 'score': 0.55, 'display_name': 'No poverty'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 161, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1503375406', 'https://openalex.org/W1518565066', 'https://openalex.org/W1529260143', 'https://openalex.org/W1530397009', 'https://openalex.org/W1536076085', 'https://openalex.org/W1536235390', 'https://openalex.org/W1540344454', 'https://openalex.org/W1540494012', 'https://openalex.org/W1547415738', 'https://openalex.org/W1548528157', 'https://openalex.org/W1551013115', 'https://openalex.org/W1558148771', 'https://openalex.org/W1565918022', 'https://openalex.org/W1573089200', 'https://openalex.org/W157347607', 'https://openalex.org/W1573841344', 'https://openalex.org/W1585915219', 'https://openalex.org/W1592455877', 'https://openalex.org/W1606377008', 'https://openalex.org/W1646734367', 'https://openalex.org/W1654138926', 'https://openalex.org/W1795876562', 'https://openalex.org/W1901254258', 'https://openalex.org/W1914745706', 'https://openalex.org/W192418741', 'https://openalex.org/W1965561045', 'https://openalex.org/W1966770423', 'https://openalex.org/W1971117965', 'https://openalex.org/W1973655971', 'https://openalex.org/W1979594779', 'https://openalex.org/W1982224745', 'https://openalex.org/W1982851398', 'https://openalex.org/W1983123776', 'https://openalex.org/W1986295273', 'https://openalex.org/W1993954606', 'https://openalex.org/W1996526670', 'https://openalex.org/W2007540180', 'https://openalex.org/W2009353208', 'https://openalex.org/W2010586812', 'https://openalex.org/W2014218236', 'https://openalex.org/W2016117430', 'https://openalex.org/W2020272840', 'https://openalex.org/W2020779675', 'https://openalex.org/W2029698492', 'https://openalex.org/W2033145696', 'https://openalex.org/W2046692734', 'https://openalex.org/W2056430427', 'https://openalex.org/W2058291667', 'https://openalex.org/W2069792384', 'https://openalex.org/W2070631858', 'https://openalex.org/W2073740048', 'https://openalex.org/W2081714882', 'https://openalex.org/W2083723379', 'https://openalex.org/W2085729359', 'https://openalex.org/W2088740764', 'https://openalex.org/W2089087496', 'https://openalex.org/W2090034152', 'https://openalex.org/W2094329614', 'https://openalex.org/W2095183795', 'https://openalex.org/W2096328754', 'https://openalex.org/W2098544579', 'https://openalex.org/W2098589686', 'https://openalex.org/W2098981358', 'https://openalex.org/W2102963250', 'https://openalex.org/W2103551729', 'https://openalex.org/W2106956289', 'https://openalex.org/W2117685373', 'https://openalex.org/W2123286530', 'https://openalex.org/W2123813847', 'https://openalex.org/W2124222250', 'https://openalex.org/W2129236558', 'https://openalex.org/W2129385606', 'https://openalex.org/W2131627283', 'https://openalex.org/W2133599527', 'https://openalex.org/W2138674561', 'https://openalex.org/W2141295263', 'https://openalex.org/W2146057620', 'https://openalex.org/W2146282732', 'https://openalex.org/W2148883717', 'https://openalex.org/W2153897994', 'https://openalex.org/W2166066009', 'https://openalex.org/W2166467701', 'https://openalex.org/W2166974667', 'https://openalex.org/W2168342038', 'https://openalex.org/W2168605160', 'https://openalex.org/W2168800036', 'https://openalex.org/W2168838273', 'https://openalex.org/W2170426752', 'https://openalex.org/W2171066632', 'https://openalex.org/W2177012674', 'https://openalex.org/W2188119468', 'https://openalex.org/W2260600530', 'https://openalex.org/W2265679842', 'https://openalex.org/W2287951965', 'https://openalex.org/W2304621468', 'https://openalex.org/W2530377170', 'https://openalex.org/W2573305090', 'https://openalex.org/W2582860792', 'https://openalex.org/W2614863530', 'https://openalex.org/W265923958', 'https://openalex.org/W2781422885', 'https://openalex.org/W2890691259', 'https://openalex.org/W2895633134', 'https://openalex.org/W2905236532', 'https://openalex.org/W2944841088', 'https://openalex.org/W2954733795', 'https://openalex.org/W2974347936', 'https://openalex.org/W2980866626', 'https://openalex.org/W2990174448', 'https://openalex.org/W2991408392', 'https://openalex.org/W3121139346', 'https://openalex.org/W3121209461', 'https://openalex.org/W3121401935', 'https://openalex.org/W3121701132', 'https://openalex.org/W3121790629', 'https://openalex.org/W3121868206', 'https://openalex.org/W3121896630', 'https://openalex.org/W3122611856', 'https://openalex.org/W3122693915', 'https://openalex.org/W3122908488', 'https://openalex.org/W3122979847', 'https://openalex.org/W3123244027', 'https://openalex.org/W3123405374', 'https://openalex.org/W3123635012', 'https://openalex.org/W3123878785', 'https://openalex.org/W3124064698', 'https://openalex.org/W3124298562', 'https://openalex.org/W3124325793', 'https://openalex.org/W3124380383', 'https://openalex.org/W3124392202', 'https://openalex.org/W3124488712', 'https://openalex.org/W3124600832', 'https://openalex.org/W3124638977', 'https://openalex.org/W3124667141', 'https://openalex.org/W3124669213', 'https://openalex.org/W3124692431', 'https://openalex.org/W3124869892', 'https://openalex.org/W3124921930', 'https://openalex.org/W3125110596', 'https://openalex.org/W3125124978', 'https://openalex.org/W3125145139', 'https://openalex.org/W3125291499', 'https://openalex.org/W3125408726', 'https://openalex.org/W3125707582', 'https://openalex.org/W3125790061', 'https://openalex.org/W3125807026', 'https://openalex.org/W3125888977', 'https://openalex.org/W3125929082', 'https://openalex.org/W3150602976', 'https://openalex.org/W3207678', 'https://openalex.org/W4211168288', 'https://openalex.org/W4229988546', 'https://openalex.org/W4231347767', 'https://openalex.org/W4236228683', 'https://openalex.org/W4241240816', 'https://openalex.org/W4241669153', 'https://openalex.org/W4244433327', 'https://openalex.org/W4245515316', 'https://openalex.org/W4299952788', 'https://openalex.org/W4300848461', 'https://openalex.org/W4321509190'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4366811918', 'https://openalex.org/W4239036256', 'https://openalex.org/W4238426546', 'https://openalex.org/W3172511797', 'https://openalex.org/W2554287257', 'https://openalex.org/W2531566217', 'https://openalex.org/W2099482191', 'https://openalex.org/W2011010576', 'https://openalex.org/W1993242289', 'https://openalex.org/W1529138969'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'This': [0], 'paper': [1], 'reviews': [2], 'the': [3, 7, 29, 33, 36, 51, 70, 90, 95], 'key': [4], 'issues': [5], 'concerning': [6], 'impact': [8], 'of': [9, 22, 35, 53, 59, 144, 147], 'public': [10, 55, 60], 'spending': [11, 61, 77, 83, 148], 'and': [12, 17, 19, 25, 64, 86, 117, 149, 153], 'taxation': [13], 'on': [14, 151, 160], 'long-run': [15], 'growth': [16, 41, 49, 114, 152], 'inequality': [18, 80, 154], 'takes': [20], 'stock': [21], 'existing': [23], 'theoretical': [24], 'empirical': [26], 'studies.': [27], 'Overall,': [28], 'evidence': [30, 92], 'highlights': [31], 'that': [32, 97], 'size': [34], 'government': [37, 46], 'matters': [38], 'for': [39, 113], 'long-term': [40], 'as': [42, 81], 'a': [43, 121, 145], 'too': [44], 'large': [45], 'may': [47], 'undermine': [48], 'through': [50], 'cost': [52], 'financing': [54], 'spending.': [56], 'A': [57], 'reallocation': [58, 146], 'towards': [62, 126], 'infrastructure': [63], 'education': [65], 'would': [66], 'raise': [67], 'income': [68, 106, 125, 133], 'in': [69], 'long': [71], 'run,': [72], 'whereas': [73], 'increasing': [74], 'social': [75], 'welfare': [76], 'can': [78], 'reduce': [79], 'such': [82], 'increases': [84], 'redistribution': [85], 'risk': [87], 'sharing.': [88], 'Similarly,': [89], 'available': [91], 'also': [93], 'supports': [94], 'hypothesis': [96], 'some': [98], 'taxes': [99, 107, 128, 134, 150], 'are': [100, 135], 'more': [101, 111, 137], 'distortionary': [102], 'than': [103, 115, 139], 'others,': [104], 'with': [105], 'found': [108], 'to': [109], 'be': [110], 'harmful': [112], 'consumption': [116, 127], 'property': [118], 'taxes.': [119, 141], 'However,': [120], 'tax': [122], 'shift': [123], 'from': [124], 'has': [129], 'equity': [130], 'implications,': [131], 'since': [132], 'generally': [136], 'progressive': [138], 'other': [140], 'The': [142], 'effect': [143], 'likely': [155], 'varies': [156], 'across': [157], 'countries': [158], 'depending': [159], 'country': [161], 'characteristics.': [162]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2886419100', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-14T19:05:03.504448', 'created_date': '2018-08-22'}