Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2808329993', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b01133', 'title': 'Adiabatic Flame Temperature for Controlling the Macrostructures and Stabilization Modes of Premixed Methane Flames in a Model Gas-Turbine Combustor', 'display_name': 'Adiabatic Flame Temperature for Controlling the Macrostructures and Stabilization Modes of Premixed Methane Flames in a Model Gas-Turbine Combustor', 'publication_year': 2018, 'publication_date': '2018-06-17', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2808329993', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b01133', 'mag': '2808329993'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b01133', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S186935893', 'display_name': 'Energy & Fuels', 'issn_l': '0887-0624', 'issn': ['0887-0624', '1520-5029'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320006', 'host_organization_name': 'American Chemical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320006'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Chemical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5071674508', 'display_name': 'Ahmed Abdelhafez', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-9149'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I134085113', 'display_name': 'King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03yez3163', 'country_code': 'SA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I134085113']}], 'countries': ['SA'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Ahmed Abdelhafez', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['TIC on CCS and Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'TIC on CCS and Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I134085113']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5082096819', 'display_name': 'Medhat A. Nemitallah', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9075-2844'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I134085113', 'display_name': 'King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03yez3163', 'country_code': 'SA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I134085113']}], 'countries': ['SA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Medhat A. Nemitallah', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['TIC on CCS and Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'TIC on CCS and Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I134085113']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5053003263', 'display_name': 'Sherif S. Rashwan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4281-3563'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I134085113', 'display_name': 'King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03yez3163', 'country_code': 'SA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I134085113']}], 'countries': ['SA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sherif S. Rashwan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['TIC on CCS and Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'TIC on CCS and Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I134085113']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5006992337', 'display_name': 'Mohamed A. Habib', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3459-1462'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I134085113', 'display_name': 'King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03yez3163', 'country_code': 'SA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I134085113']}], 'countries': ['SA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mohamed A. Habib', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['TIC on CCS and Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'TIC on CCS and Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I134085113']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5071674508'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I134085113'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 3.192, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 43, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.841033, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 95, 'max': 96}, 'biblio': {'volume': '32', 'issue': '7', 'first_page': '7868', 'last_page': '7877'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10553', 'display_name': 'Combustion and flame dynamics', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2206', 'display_name': 'Computational Mechanics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10553', 'display_name': 'Combustion and flame dynamics', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2206', 'display_name': 'Computational Mechanics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10117', 'display_name': 'Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1507', 'display_name': 'Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/15', 'display_name': 'Chemical Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11317', 'display_name': 'Fire dynamics and safety research', 'score': 0.9971, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2213', 'display_name': 'Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/flashback', 'display_name': 'Flashback', 'score': 0.9238385}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/adiabatic-flame-temperature', 'display_name': 'Adiabatic flame temperature', 'score': 0.5532698}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/isothermal-process', 'display_name': 'Isothermal process', 'score': 0.5185588}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/flame-structure', 'display_name': 'Flame structure', 'score': 0.4637044}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-burner', 'display_name': 'Gas burner', 'score': 0.41718313}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778560903', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938569', 'display_name': 'Flashback', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.9238385}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C83104080', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3809680', 'display_name': 'Combustor', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.919574}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105923489', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235', 'display_name': 'Combustion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7425499}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C516920438', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37129', 'display_name': 'Methane', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.71274495}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C129474609', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4563566', 'display_name': 'Premixed flame', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.631709}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C109663097', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182453', 'display_name': 'Adiabatic process', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6100504}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C197554733', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909060', 'display_name': 'Adiabatic flame temperature', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5532698}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C133347239', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486921', 'display_name': 'Isothermal process', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5185588}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.50382847}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778269189', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5457178', 'display_name': 'Flame structure', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.4637044}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38349280', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290', 'display_name': 'Flow (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44398978}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C540031477', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629', 'display_name': 'Oxygen', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4222801}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776547972', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19359822', 'display_name': 'Gas burner', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.41718313}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57879066', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217', 'display_name': 'Mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40070906}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C97355855', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473', 'display_name': 'Thermodynamics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38767678}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C113196181', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223', 'display_name': 'Analytical Chemistry (journal)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3658272}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.09424338}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.093729496}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b01133', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S186935893', 'display_name': 'Energy & Fuels', 'issn_l': '0887-0624', 'issn': ['0887-0624', '1520-5029'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320006', 'host_organization_name': 'American Chemical Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320006'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Chemical Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7', 'display_name': 'Affordable and clean energy', 'score': 0.78}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320322323', 'funder_display_name': 'King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals', 'award_id': 'IN161027'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320324204', 'funder_display_name': 'Saudi Basic Industries Corporation', 'award_id': 'ME 2394'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 29, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1592622566', 'https://openalex.org/W1966637512', 'https://openalex.org/W1968532007', 'https://openalex.org/W1972247448', 'https://openalex.org/W1975336638', 'https://openalex.org/W1977737547', 'https://openalex.org/W1988644272', 'https://openalex.org/W1989496121', 'https://openalex.org/W1990381465', 'https://openalex.org/W1993798785', 'https://openalex.org/W1995940402', 'https://openalex.org/W2017669157', 'https://openalex.org/W2041538802', 'https://openalex.org/W2058848222', 'https://openalex.org/W2082359643', 'https://openalex.org/W2089368809', 'https://openalex.org/W2183127191', 'https://openalex.org/W2228080128', 'https://openalex.org/W2265455516', 'https://openalex.org/W2276351509', 'https://openalex.org/W2306649760', 'https://openalex.org/W2316493364', 'https://openalex.org/W2406701161', 'https://openalex.org/W2530430873', 'https://openalex.org/W2549822993', 'https://openalex.org/W2563732349', 'https://openalex.org/W2783527190', 'https://openalex.org/W2793040354', 'https://openalex.org/W2803135390'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4400182655', 'https://openalex.org/W309161572', 'https://openalex.org/W2473769550', 'https://openalex.org/W2184166462', 'https://openalex.org/W2085836001', 'https://openalex.org/W2083711188', 'https://openalex.org/W2054901896', 'https://openalex.org/W2018663867', 'https://openalex.org/W1966752950', 'https://openalex.org/W1423908938'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Premixed': [0], 'oxygen-enriched': [1], 'air-methane': [2], 'flames': [3, 142, 188, 211], '(CH4/O2/N2)': [4], 'are': [5], 'compared': [6], 'with': [7], 'their': [8], 'oxy-methane': [9], 'counterparts': [10], '(CH4/O2/CO2)': [11], 'in': [12, 123, 193, 342], 'the': [13, 59, 84, 89, 101, 171, 176, 190, 203, 207, 218, 226, 292, 326], 'same': [14, 102, 191, 219], 'model': [15], 'gas-turbine': [16, 306], 'combustor': [17, 85, 340], 'and': [18, 30, 67, 77, 108, 118, 140, 186, 195, 215, 232, 244, 269, 302, 319], 'under': [19, 179, 237], 'identical': [20, 222], 'conditions': [21, 66], 'of': [22, 39, 113, 212, 229, 267, 294, 332, 344], 'oxygen': [23], 'fraction': [24], '(OF': [25], '=': [26, 34], '21–70': [27], 'vol': [28], '%)': [29], 'equivalence': [31], 'ratio': [32], '(φ': [33], '0.2–1.0).': [35], 'The': [36, 75, 92, 111, 129], 'flow': [37, 65, 73, 182, 240], 'rates': [38], 'nonpreheated': [40], 'reactant': [41], 'gases': [42], 'were': [43, 80, 133], 'adjusted': [44], 'for': [45, 70, 105, 282], 'each': [46, 258], 'tested': [47], 'flame': [48, 94, 116, 230, 264, 284], 'to': [49, 62, 82, 135, 137, 206, 300, 338], 'sustain': [50], 'a': [51, 261], 'common': [52, 144, 328], 'bulk': [53, 146, 289], 'velocity': [54], 'at': [55, 143, 286, 317], 'burner': [56], 'throat': [57], 'throughout': [58], 'whole': [60], 'study': [61, 298], 'maintain': [63], 'similar': [64, 180, 238], 'turbulence': [68], 'intensities': [69], 'all': [71], 'isothermal': [72], 'fields.': [74], 'flashback': [76, 177, 208], 'blowout': [78, 204], 'limits': [79, 205], 'quantified': [81], 'identify': [83], 'stability': [86, 246], 'maps': [87, 247], 'within': [88], 'OF-φ': [90], 'space.': [91], 'adiabatic': [93], 'temperature': [95], '(Tad)': [96], 'was': [97, 121], 'also': [98], 'mapped': [99], 'over': [100], 'test': [103], 'ranges': [104], 'both': [106, 138, 153], 'N2': [107, 139, 185, 243], 'CO2': [109, 141, 187, 245], 'flames.': [110, 128], 'effect': [112], 'Tad': [114, 157, 163, 199, 220, 236, 255, 277, 310], 'on': [115, 235, 254, 309], 'macrostructure': [117, 194, 231, 265, 285], 'stabilization': [119, 196, 233], 'mode': [120, 197, 234], 'studied': [122], 'detail': [124], 'by': [125, 156, 170], 'imaging': [126], 'selected': [127], 'following': [130, 325], 'novel': [131], 'findings': [132], 'found': [134], 'apply': [136], 'inlet': [145, 288], 'velocity:': [147], 'Their': [148], 'stable': [149], 'combustion': [150], 'zones': [151], 'can': [152, 248], 'be': [154, 249], 'characterized': [155], 'only,': [158, 256], 'although': [159], 'they': [160], 'have': [161, 221], 'different': [162, 213], 'maps.': [164], 'Combustion': [165], 'is': [166, 200, 272, 278], 'thus': [167], 'governed': [168], 'mainly': [169], 'reaction': [172], 'kinetics': [173], '(especially': [174], 'near': [175], 'limits)': [178], 'cold': [181, 239], 'conditions.': [183, 241], 'Both': [184, 242], 'undergo': [189], 'changes': [192], 'as': [198], 'increased': [201], 'from': [202, 323], 'ones.': [209], 'Stable': [210], 'φ': [214, 268], 'OF': [216, 313], 'but': [217], 'shapes,': [223], 'which': [224], 'shows': [225], 'direct': [227], 'dependence': [228], 'subdivided': [250], 'into': [251], 'subzones': [252], 'based': [253, 308], 'where': [257], 'zone': [259], 'has': [260], 'single': [262], 'prevailing': [263], 'irrespective': [266], 'OF.': [270], 'This': [271], 'yet': [273], 'another': [274], 'proof': [275], 'that': [276], 'an': [279], 'excellent': [280], 'tool': [281], 'predicting': [283], 'constant': [287], 'velocity.': [290], 'On': [291], 'basis': [293], 'these': [295], 'findings,': [296], 'this': [297], 'recommends': [299], 'design': [301], 'operate': [303], 'future': [304], 'oxy-fuel': [305], 'combustors': [307], '(and': [311], 'not': [312], 'or': [314], 'φ),': [315], 'particularly': [316], 'high': [318], 'medium': [320], 'loads': [321], 'away': [322], 'blowout,': [324], 'existing': [327], 'practice': [329], 'among': [330], 'manufacturers': [331], 'conventional': [333], 'lean-premixed': [334], 'air-fuel': [335], 'gas': [336], 'turbines': [337], 'quantify': [339], 'performance': [341], 'terms': [343], 'Tad.': [345]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2808329993', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 5}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T04:07:07.838641', 'created_date': '2018-06-21'}