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2940, 2964], 'A.3762017017920170179http://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0179SectionYou': [41], 'accessIntroductionThe': [43], 'progress': [55, 2185, 3264], 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0790-5895': [62, 168], 'School': [63, 169], 'Earth': [65, 137, 171, 229, 265], 'Sciences,': [66, 172], 'University': [67, 173, 2087, 2253], 'Bristol,': [69, 175], 'Wills': [70, 176], 'Memorial': [71, 177], 'Building,': [72, 178], "Queen's": [73, 179], 'Road,': [74, 109, 180, 208], 'Bristol': [75, 181], 'BS8': [76, 182], '1RJ,': [77, 183], 'UK': [78, 113, 184, 212, 488, 544], '[email': [79, 185], 'protected]': [80, 186], 'Google': [81, 114, 148, 187, 213, 240, 2226, 2255, 2295, 2339, 2365, 2406, 2449, 2491, 2515, 2555, 2599, 2627, 2663, 2693, 2734, 2765, 2800, 2839, 2881, 2911, 2947, 2970], 'Scholar': [82, 115, 149, 188, 214, 241, 2971], 'Find': [83, 116, 150, 189, 215, 242], 'author': [85, 94, 118, 127, 152, 161, 191, 217, 244], 'on': [86, 119, 153, 192, 218, 245, 264, 348, 522, 593, 624, 694, 753, 903, 968, 1246, 1652, 1697, 1773, 2348, 2475, 2575, 2719, 3231], 'PubMed': [87, 120, 154, 193, 219, 246], 'Search': [88, 121, 155], 'more': [90, 123, 157, 1099, 2049], 'papers': [91, 124, 158], 'by': [92, 125, 159, 490, 546, 658, 976, 1018, 1023, 1072, 1077, 1145, 1302, 1351, 2097, 2195, 2715, 2980, 3274, 3300], ',': [95, 194], 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7342-7756': [102, 201], 'British': [103, 202, 482, 2109], 'Survey,': [105, 204, 2111], 'High': [106, 205], 'Cross,': [107, 206], 'Madingley': [108, 207], 'Cambridge': [110, 209], 'CB3': [111, 210], '0ET,': [112, 211], 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9480-2183': [135, 227], 'Lamont-Doherty': [136, 228], 'Observatory,': [138, 230], 'Columbia': [139, 231], 'University,': [140, 232], '61': [141, 233], 'US-9': [142, 234], 'W,': [143, 235, 2305], 'Palisades,': [144, 236], 'NY': [145, 237], '10964,': [146, 238], 'USA': [147, 239], 'Published:14': [247], 'May': [248, 479], '2018https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0179The': [249], 'Peninsula': [252, 2435, 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'sustained': [708], 'observational': [709], 'datasets': [710, 1810], 'cover': [712], 'wide': [714], 'geographical': [715], 'range': [716], 'together': [720, 854, 1811], 'sophisticated': [722], 'approaches': [723], 'modelling,': [725, 2064], 'address': [727], 'gaps.': [729], 'Long': [730], 'time': [731, 1055, 1466, 2537], 'series': [732], 'critical': [734], 'within': [735, 1233, 1980, 2314, 2538], 'this,': [736], 'year-round': [740], 'Rothera': [741], 'Time': [742], 'Series': [743], '(RaTS)': [744], 'programme': [745], 'operates': [747], 'BAS': [750], 'Station': [752, 779], 'Adelaide': [754], 'Island.': [755, 1760], 'Another': [756], 'example': [757, 948], 'valuable': [760], 'long-term': [761, 1794], 'dataset': [762], 'Palmer': [765, 778, 941, 2471, 2506], 'Long-Term': [766], 'Ecological': [767], '(PAL-LTER)': [769], 'programme,': [770], 'includes': [772], 'time-series': [773], 'sampling': [774, 1945, 1970, 1993], 'US': [777], '(Anvers': [780], 'Island),': [781], 'decades': [783], 'data': [785, 808, 871, 1488, 1804], 'annual': [787], 'expeditions': [788], 'occupy': [790], 'grid': [792, 1493], 'stations': [794], '[2].': [798], 'Schofield': [799, 2739], 'et': [800, 1044, 1128, 1432, 1480, 1606, 1735, 1764], 'al.': [801, 1045, 1129, 1433, 1481, 1607, 1736, 1765], '[3]': [802], 'present': [803], '24': [804], 'years': [805, 1485], 'PAL-LTER': [807, 1492], 'assess': [810], 'changes': [811, 1690, 2610], 'primary': [813, 954, 1239, 1303], 'production': [814, 881, 1270, 1273, 1409, 1444, 1497, 1501, 2313, 2777], 'forcing,': [817, 1564], 'extent': [820, 891], 'mixed-layer': [822], 'depth.': [823], 'Their': [824, 1516], 'analysis': [825], 'reveals': [826], 'regional': [828, 1164, 1824], 'differences': [829], 'north–south': [832], 'gradient': [833], 'phytoplankton': [835, 936, 982, 1057, 1067, 2278, 2953], 'response,': [836], 'provides': [838], 'information': [839], 'possible': [841, 868], 'insights': [848, 1598], 'into': [849, 1004, 1599], 'change.': [851], 'While': [852], 'bringing': [853], 'unprecedented': [856, 1648], 'dataset,': [857], 'would': [860], 'improved': [862, 1803], 'even': [863], 'further': [864, 1539, 1715, 1952], 'if': [865, 1819], 'include': [870], 'throughout': [873, 1994, 2026], 'year,': [875, 1997], 'addition': [877, 1112, 1312, 1523, 1801], 'summer': [879, 2325, 2349, 2534, 2997], 'snapshots.Primary': [880], 'strongly': [886], 'linked': [887, 924], 'duration,': [890], 'timing': [893], 'spring': [895, 2009], 'melt,': [896], 'factors': [902, 2781], 'water': [904, 1109, 1114, 1167, 2813], 'column': [905, 1115, 2814], 'stability': [906], 'light': [908, 1257], 'availability': [909, 1805], '[3–5]': [910], 'inputs': [912], 'macronutrients': [915, 1103], 'trace': [917, 1105, 1140, 1621], 'elements': [918, 1106], 'variety': [921], 'sources,': [923], 'meltwater': [927, 1360, 1623, 2711, 2864], 'sediment': [929, 1423], '[6–8].': [931], '‘Productivity': [932], "hotspots'": [933], 'high': [935, 1223], 'standing': [937, 1333], 'stocks,': [938], 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'considerable': [1136, 1332, 1550, 1597], 'supply': [1137], 'elements,': [1141], 'iron,': [1144], 'horizontal': [1146], 'advection': [1147, 1534], 'particulate': [1149], 'dissolved': [1151], 'species': [1152], 'shallow': [1154], '(constituting': [1156], '‘bathtub': [1158], 'ring’)': [1159], 'providing': [1160], 'localized': [1161], 'supplies': [1165], 'masses': [1168], '[8].': [1169], 'Contrasting': [1170], 'ratios': [1171], 'metals': [1173], 'different': [1175, 1183, 1465, 1789, 1813, 1937], 'suggest': [1177], 'sources': [1180, 2385], '‘hotspots’,': [1186], 'no': [1188, 2075, 2082], 'mechanism': [1190], 'enrichment': [1194], 'length': [1197], 'WAP.The': [1200], 'also': [1204, 1326, 1349, 1379, 1768, 1853, 2031, 2045], 'region': [1206, 2188, 2787, 3267], 'highest': [1208], 'climate-active': [1211], 'gases': [1212], 'dimethylsulfide': [1215], '(DMS)': [1216], 'its': [1218, 2779], 'precursor': [1219], 'dimethylsulfoniopropionate': [1220], '(DMSP),': [1221], 'concentrations': [1224], 'marginal': [1227, 2819], 'zones,': [1229], 'seasons.': [1236, 2010], 'As': [1237, 1338], 'production,': [1240, 1304, 2806, 2808], 'DMSP': [1241], 'DMS': [1243], 'conversion': [1244], 'depends': [1245], 'interrelated': [1247], 'stratification,': [1254], 'availability,': [1256], 'penetration': [1258], 'plankton': [1260, 1341], 'structure.': [1262], 'upshot': [1264], 'DMS(P)': [1272], 'probably': [1281], 'increasingly': [1289], 'active': [1290], '[11].Higher': [1294], 'levels': [1296], 'benthic': [1298, 1346], 'consumers': [1299], 'supported': [1301], 'underpins': [1306], 'entire': [1308], 'ecosystem': [1309], '[12],': [1310], 'sink': [1317], 'carbon': [1320, 1329, 1374, 2427, 2678], 'dioxide': [1321], '[13].': [1322], 'benthos': [1324, 1382], 'sink,': [1330], 'representing': [1331], 'stocks': [1334], 'matter.': [1337], 'nekton,': [1343], 'impacted': [1350], 'direct': [1352], 'processes—such': [1354], 'iceberg': [1356], 'scouring': [1357], 'releases—that': [1361], 'likely': [1363], 'consequences': [1370], 'diversity': [1372], 'storage': [1375], '[14,15].': [1376], 'Physical': [1377, 3191], 'indirectly': [1383], 'sinking': [1386, 1413, 1513, 1525], 'originates': [1391], 'photic': [1394], 'zone': [1395, 2317, 2822], '(export': [1396], 'production),': [1397], 'results': [1399, 1460], 'complex': [1401], 'highly': [1403, 1831, 1931], 'variable': [1404], 'pelagic–benthic': [1405, 1547], 'coupling.': [1406], 'Quantifying': [1407], 'export': [1408, 1443, 1530, 2747, 2810], 'directly': [1410, 2614], 'capturing': [1412], 'particles': [1414], 'been': [1416], 'challenging,': [1417], 'differing': [1420], 'efficiencies': [1421], 'traps': [1424], 'poor': [1426], 'resolution': [1428, 1991], 'Buesseler': [1431], '[16]).': [1434], 'Different': [1435], 'methods': [1437, 1456, 1617, 1740], 'can': [1438, 1457, 1508, 1595], 'employed': [1440], 'quantify': [1442, 1556], '(e.g.': [1445], 'radioisotope': [1446], 'measurements': [1447, 1452], '[16];': [1448], 'triple': [1449], 'oxygen': [1450], 'isotope': [1451], '[17]),': [1453], 'but': [1454], 'yield': [1458], 'conflicting': [1459], 'averaging': [1463], 'over': [1464, 2748], 'scales,': [1467, 1941], 'because': [1469], 'assumptions': [1471], 'duration': [1474], 'season.': [1478], '[18]': [1482], 'compile': [1483], '3': [1484], 'collected': [1489], 'calculate': [1495], 'net': [1499, 2804], 'considerably': [1510], 'greater': [1511, 1990, 2042], 'particle': [1514, 2746, 2809], 'export.': [1515], 'findings': [1517], 'determining': [1529], 'lateral': [1533], 'vertical': [1536], 'mixing,': [1537], 'adding': [1538], 'complexity': [1540], 'quantifications': [1542], 'full': [1544], 'coupling.There': [1548], 'work': [1551], 'underway': [1552], 'link': [1561], 'biogeochemistry': [1565], 'ecosystems,': [1568], 'respective': [1571], 'rates': [1572], 'scales.': [1575], 'number': [1577], 'analytical': [1580], 'theoretical': [1582], 'tools': [1583], 'become': [1585, 1705], 'available.': [1586], 'Geochemical': [1587], 'methodologies,': [1588], 'especially': [1589, 1817], 'those': [1590], 'employing': [1591], 'high-resolution': [1592, 1612], 'isotopic': [1593, 1616], 'variations,': [1594], 'processes.': [1604], '[19]': [1608], 'novel': [1611], 'approach': [1613, 1729, 2051], 'characterize': [1619], 'episodic': [1622], 'release': [1624], 'off': [1625, 1757], 'King': [1626, 1698, 1758, 2720, 2932], 'George': [1627, 1699, 1759, 2721, 2933], 'Island': [1628, 1700], '(Isla': [1629], '25': [1630], 'Mayo),': [1631], 'northern': [1632, 3008], 'near': [1634], 'Carlini': [1635], 'Station,': [1636], 'elucidate': [1638], 'structure': [1640], 'specific': [1643], 'discharge': [1645, 1693, 1756, 2865], 'event': [1646, 2866], 'detail.': [1649], 'Strong': [1650], 'dependence': [1651, 1772], 'found,': [1656], 'influences': [1658], 'both': [1660], 'air': [1661, 1779], 'temperature': [1662, 1780], '(via': [1663], 'amount': [1665], 'melt': [1668, 2574], 'discharge)': [1669], 'winds': [1671], '(which': [1672], 'retention': [1675], 'fate': [1677], 'freshwater': [1679], 'ocean).': [1682], 'points': [1684], 'potentially': [1686], 'events.': [1694], 'Several': [1695], 'have,': [1701], 'recent': [1703], 'years,': [1704], 'land-terminating': [1706], 'useful': [1710], 'predictors': [1711], 'south': [1716], 'peninsula': [1719], 'retreats': [1722], 'continue': [1724], '[20].': [1725], 'Adopting': [1726], 'alternative': [1728], 'similar': [1732], 'problem,': [1733], 'Falk': [1734, 2842], '[21]': [1737], 'employ': [1738], 'statistical': [1739], 'capable': [1741], 'dealing': [1743], 'sparse': [1745], 'datasets,': [1746], 'namely': [1747], 'Monte': [1748], 'Carlo': [1749], 'Fourier': [1751], 'analysis,': [1752], 'estimate': [1754, 2922], 'hydrological': [1755], 'Similar': [1761], '[19],': [1766], 'atmospherically': [1774], 'driven': [1775], 'circulation': [1776], '[19].Long-term': [1781], 'solutions': [1782], 'addressing': [1784, 2053], 'disciplines': [1790, 1838, 1921], 'require': [1792], 'continued': [1793], 'monitoring': [1795], 'all': [1797, 1919, 2141], 'engaged': [1798], 'nations,': [1799], 'sharing.': [1807], 'Bringing': [1808], 'complementary': [1809], 'efforts': [1815], 'we': [1820, 2080], 'deconvolve': [1823], 'versus': [1825], 'local': [1826, 2465], 'signals': [1827], 'heterogeneous': [1832, 1932], 'environment': [1833], '[22].': [1834], 'Drawing': [1835], 'mesh': [1841], 'glaciology,': [1847], 'palaeoclimate': [1851], 'critical,': [1855], 'engagement': [1858], 'organizations': [1861], 'policy,': [1864], 'industry,': [1865], 'education': [1866], 'public': [1870], '‘citizen': [1872], 'science’,': [1873], 'dialogues': [1875], 'cruise': [1877], 'ship': [1878], 'operators,': [1879], 'development': [1881], 'apps': [1883], 'approachable': [1885], 'literature.The': [1886], 'illuminate': [1892], 'drivers': [1906], 'underlying': [1909], 'variability.': [1911], 'remain': [1914], 'scientific': [1915, 2130], 'concerns': [1916], 'complexities': [1928], 'coupled': [1942], 'heavy': [1944], 'bias': [1946], 'logistical': [1948], 'limitations.': [1949], 'strategic': [1953], 'developments': [1954, 2033], 'either': [1957], 'touched': [1958], 'upon': [1959], 'or': [1960], 'not': [1961], 'covered': [1962], 'special': [1965], 'issue,': [1966], 'technological': [1968], 'advances,': [1969], 'methodologies': [1971], 'networking': [1973], 'platforms,': [1975], 'infrastructure': [1977], 'people': [1979], 'disciplines.': [1983], 'urgent': [1987], 'needed': [2000], 'fill': [2002], 'winter': [2006], 'early': [2008], 'High-frequency': [2011], 'networks,': [2013], 'gliders': [2014], 'autonomous': [2017], 'underwater': [2018], 'vehicles': [2019], 'will,': [2020], 'eventually,': [2021], 'able': [2023], 'operate': [2025], 'year.': [2028], 'fast-evolving': [2032], 'model': [2035], 'capability': [2036], 'data-model': [2038], '[1].': [2040], 'come': [2046], 'holistic': [2050], 'building': [2058], 'empirical': [2061], 'physical,': [2067], 'chemical': [2068], 'disciplines.Data': [2071], 'accessibilityThis': [2072], 'additional': [2076], 'data.Competing': [2077], 'interestsWe': [2078], 'declare': [2079], 'competing': [2083], 'interests.FundingK.R.H.': [2084], 'Fellow': [2089], 'Society': [2093], 'funded': [2096], 'European': [2099], 'Council': [2101], 'Starting': [2102], 'Grant.AcknowledgementsThe': [2103], 'authors': [2104], 'thank': [2105], 'Society,': [2108], 'Oceanographic': [2119, 3016], 'supporting': [2128], 'arose.': [2137], 'Many': [2138], 'thanks': [2139], 'participants': [2142], 'Sian': [2148], 'Henley,': [2149], 'Louise': [2150], 'Newman,': [2151], 'Oscar': [2152], 'Schofield,': [2153], 'Grace': [2154], 'Mooring': [2155], 'Tracey': [2157], 'Sharpe': [2158], 'help': [2161], 'organizing': [2163], 'events.FootnotesOne': [2165], 'contribution': [2166], '14': [2168], '‘The': [2173, 3252], 'rapid': [2190, 2716, 3269], 'change’.©': [2191], '2018': [2192, 3297], 'Author(s)Published': [2194, 3299], 'Society.': [2198, 3303], 'All': [2199, 3304], 'rights': [2200, 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'Schloss': [2848], 'IR,': [2849], 'Ruiz': [2850], 'Barlett': [2851], 'Jerosch': [2853], 'Silva': [2855], 'Busso': [2856], '2018Anatomy': [2860], 'cove.': [2870], '20170163.': [2877], '(doi:10.1098/rsta.2017.0163)': [2878], 'Scholar20Cook': [2882], 'AJ,': [2883], 'Holland': [2884], 'PR,': [2885], 'Murray': [2888], 'T,': [2889], 'Luckman': [2890], 'Vaughan': [2892], 'DG.': [2893], '2016Ocean': [2894], 'retreat': [2898], 'Science': [2904], '353,': [2905], '283–286.': [2906], '(doi:10.1126/science.aae0017)': [2907], 'Scholar21Falk': [2912], 'Silva-Busso': [2914], 'Pölcher': [2916], 'simplified': [2919], 'method': [2920], 'run-off': [2924], 'Periglacial': [2926], 'Creeks:': [2927], 'case': [2929], 'Islands,': [2934], '20170166.': [2943], '(doi:10.1098/rsta.2017.0166)': [2944], 'Scholar22Kim': [2948], 'Het': [2949], 'al.2018Inter-decadal': [2950], 'biomass': [2954], 'coastal': [2957], '20170174.': [2967], '(doi:10.1098/rsta.2017.0174)': [2968], 'Next': [2972], 'Article': [2973, 3285], 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