Title: Trophic disorders of the soft tissues of the lower extremities in type 2 diabetes mellitus (Review)
Abstract: The data concerning trophic infringements of the lower limbs in the type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is presented in the article. DM is ranked third (after atherosclerosis and cancer) among the diseases, which is the most common cause of disability and mortality. The incidence of diabetes, according to experts from the World Health Organization, in industrialized countries is 1.5-4% of the population, in the Central European region, about 5% of the adult population suffers from diabetes. The total number of patients around the world is about 60 million, in Ukraine – more than 1 million. There is a belief that the actual incidence of diabetes is twice that recorded, that is, the large spread of latent (latent) forms of diabetes. Annually, the number of patients increases by 10%, every 15 years the number of patients with diabetes is doubled. Trophic disorders of the soft tissues of the lower extremities in DM are found in 30-80% of patients in various stages and forms. In diabetic peripheral neuropathy, all nerve fibers (sensory, motor and autonomic) are damaged. As a result, trauma and injuries are hardly felt by patients, which often leads to the formation of ulcers. In the neuro-ischemic form of lesions of the soft tissues of the lower extremities in DM, treatment tactics should be designed in accordance with the nature of the lesion of the vascular bed and the volume of purulent necrotic focus on the foot. Diabetes is the cause of increased mortality, as it causes the formation of complications that cause premature death.