Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2792930387', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1615798', 'title': 'Immunosuppression: Have We Learnt Anything?', 'display_name': 'Immunosuppression: Have We Learnt Anything?', 'publication_year': 2018, 'publication_date': '2018-03-26', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2792930387', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1615798', 'mag': '2792930387', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29579769'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1615798', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S193428046', 'display_name': 'Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine', 'issn_l': '1069-3424', 'issn': ['1069-3424', '1098-9048'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320000', 'host_organization_name': 'Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320000'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5084105733', 'display_name': 'Ramsey R. Hachem', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0708-1937'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I204465549', 'display_name': 'Washington University in St. Louis', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01yc7t268', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I204465549']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Ramsey Hachem', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I204465549']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5084105733'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I204465549'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.135, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 3, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.239128, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 74, 'max': 77}, 'biblio': {'volume': '39', 'issue': '02', 'first_page': '172', 'last_page': '180'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11189', 'display_name': 'Transplantation: Methods and Outcomes', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11189', 'display_name': 'Transplantation: Methods and Outcomes', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10373', 'display_name': 'Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2747', 'display_name': 'Transplantation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12900', 'display_name': 'Organ and Tissue Transplantation Research', 'score': 0.996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2747', 'display_name': 'Transplantation'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosuppression', 'display_name': 'Immunosuppression', 'score': 0.88614434}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.94619536}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780252810', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455316', 'display_name': 'Immunosuppression', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.88614434}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781448352', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637912', 'display_name': 'Lung transplantation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.83998847}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C535046627', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612', 'display_name': 'Clinical trial', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8230095}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177713679', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690', 'display_name': 'Intensive care medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7025534}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2911091166', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106419912', 'display_name': 'Transplantation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.62840295}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141071460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821', 'display_name': 'Surgery', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33608568}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.22094446}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D006084', 'descriptor_name': 'Graft Rejection', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000188', 'qualifier_name': 'drug therapy', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006084', 'descriptor_name': 'Graft Rejection', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000517', 'qualifier_name': 'prevention & control', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007166', 'descriptor_name': 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000627', 'qualifier_name': 'therapeutic use', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016040', 'descriptor_name': 'Lung Transplantation', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000009', 'qualifier_name': 'adverse effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D064591', 'descriptor_name': 'Allografts', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001989', 'descriptor_name': 'Bronchiolitis Obliterans', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000188', 'qualifier_name': 'drug therapy', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001989', 'descriptor_name': 'Bronchiolitis Obliterans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006084', 'descriptor_name': 'Graft Rejection', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000453', 'qualifier_name': 'epidemiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006084', 'descriptor_name': 'Graft Rejection', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007166', 'descriptor_name': 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000009', 'qualifier_name': 'adverse effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007166', 'descriptor_name': 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016040', 'descriptor_name': 'Lung Transplantation', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000401', 'qualifier_name': 'mortality', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016040', 'descriptor_name': 'Lung Transplantation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D055031', 'descriptor_name': 'Primary Graft Dysfunction', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D055031', 'descriptor_name': 'Primary Graft Dysfunction', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000188', 'qualifier_name': 'drug therapy', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016032', 'descriptor_name': 'Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1615798', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S193428046', 'display_name': 'Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine', 'issn_l': '1069-3424', 'issn': ['1069-3424', '1098-9048'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320000', 'host_organization_name': 'Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320000'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Thieme Medical Publishers (Germany)'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29579769', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.73, 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 55, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1583005098', 'https://openalex.org/W1922235150', 'https://openalex.org/W1966100647', 'https://openalex.org/W1969580795', 'https://openalex.org/W1970749259', 'https://openalex.org/W1973312382', 'https://openalex.org/W1979805798', 'https://openalex.org/W1991702001', 'https://openalex.org/W1998379866', 'https://openalex.org/W2000138932', 'https://openalex.org/W2013530401', 'https://openalex.org/W2017940207', 'https://openalex.org/W2018406955', 'https://openalex.org/W2018798721', 'https://openalex.org/W2023720635', 'https://openalex.org/W2033959082', 'https://openalex.org/W2036525032', 'https://openalex.org/W2037419643', 'https://openalex.org/W2050200299', 'https://openalex.org/W2059333451', 'https://openalex.org/W2060582341', 'https://openalex.org/W2062970882', 'https://openalex.org/W2067299229', 'https://openalex.org/W2067385470', 'https://openalex.org/W2070159725', 'https://openalex.org/W2074225080', 'https://openalex.org/W2082707670', 'https://openalex.org/W2085068503', 'https://openalex.org/W2089622680', 'https://openalex.org/W2090666589', 'https://openalex.org/W2097887609', 'https://openalex.org/W2115072188', 'https://openalex.org/W2126368995', 'https://openalex.org/W2126773784', 'https://openalex.org/W2127536951', 'https://openalex.org/W2130580497', 'https://openalex.org/W2135082034', 'https://openalex.org/W2136905810', 'https://openalex.org/W2144648600', 'https://openalex.org/W2148721321', 'https://openalex.org/W2148724358', 'https://openalex.org/W2150573258', 'https://openalex.org/W2155312039', 'https://openalex.org/W2159437991', 'https://openalex.org/W2165001333', 'https://openalex.org/W2165272367', 'https://openalex.org/W2171465922', 'https://openalex.org/W2293307033', 'https://openalex.org/W2336858001', 'https://openalex.org/W2396756012', 'https://openalex.org/W2417155086', 'https://openalex.org/W2425331114', 'https://openalex.org/W2609602266', 'https://openalex.org/W50336179', 'https://openalex.org/W63895461'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4386893802', 'https://openalex.org/W4320041232', 'https://openalex.org/W3183395118', 'https://openalex.org/W2497092908', 'https://openalex.org/W2410991317', 'https://openalex.org/W2356894405', 'https://openalex.org/W2188723630', 'https://openalex.org/W2061396063', 'https://openalex.org/W2034212555', 'https://openalex.org/W1524112221'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'Outcomes': [1], 'after': [2, 59, 165], 'lung': [3, 15, 60, 109, 135, 166], 'transplantation': [4, 110, 136], 'remain': [5], 'disappointing': [6], 'because': [7], 'there': [8, 147], 'is': [9, 36, 148], 'a': [10, 22], 'high': [11], 'incidence': [12], 'of': [13, 41, 73, 105, 117, 124, 132], 'chronic': [14], 'allograft': [16, 30], 'dysfunction': [17], '(CLAD),': [18], 'which': [19], 'typically': [20], 'follows': [21], 'progressive': [23], 'clinical': [24, 63, 84, 103, 126, 157, 161], 'course': [25], 'and': [26, 32, 56, 71, 82, 91, 111, 115, 137, 155, 163], 'often': [27], 'results': [28], 'in': [29, 108, 134, 140], 'failure': [31], 'death.': [33], 'Chronic': [34], 'rejection': [35], 'considered': [37], 'the': [38, 51, 69, 118, 122, 129], 'predominant': [39], 'cause': [40], 'CLAD.': [42], 'Thus,': [43], 'optimal': [44], 'immunosuppression': [45, 106], 'has': [46], 'been': [47, 66, 80, 89], 'viewed': [48], 'as': [49], 'having': [50], 'potential': [52], 'to': [53, 159], 'prevent': [54], 'CLAD': [55], 'improve': [57, 160], 'survival': [58], 'transplantation.': [61, 167], 'Numerous': [62], 'trials': [64, 85, 93, 104, 127, 158], 'have': [65, 79, 88], 'conducted': [67, 107, 156], 'investigating': [68], 'efficacy': [70], 'safety': [72], 'various': [74, 119], 'immunosuppressive': [75], 'agents.': [76], 'Many': [77], 'studies': [78], 'small': [81], 'single-center': [83], 'but': [86], 'some': [87], 'international': [90], 'multicenter': [92], 'enrolling': [94], 'more': [95], 'than': [96], '300': [97], 'patients.': [98], 'This': [99], 'review': [100], 'focuses': [101], 'on': [102], 'points': [112], 'out': [113], 'strengths': [114], 'limitations': [116], 'studies.': [120], 'Ultimately,': [121], 'findings': [123], 'these': [125], 'explain': [128], 'current': [130], 'state': [131], 'practice': [133, 162], 'identify': [138], 'gaps': [139], 'knowledge': [141], 'that': [142], 'require': [143], 'additional': [144], 'study.': [145], 'Finally,': [146], 'an': [149], 'ongoing': [150], 'need': [151], 'for': [152], 'carefully': [153], 'designed': [154], 'outcomes': [164]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2792930387', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-08T22:49:35.768107', 'created_date': '2018-03-29'}