Publication Information

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1682], 'because': [81, 345, 361], 'they': [82, 738, 1071, 1614, 1824, 2205], 'are': [83, 255, 705, 1072, 1672, 1782, 1807, 1895, 1931, 2323, 2492, 2544, 2634], '(i)': [84, 519], 'likely': [86, 100], 'have': [88, 1387, 1535, 1567, 1598, 2329, 2639], 'a': [89, 131, 155, 186, 238, 262, 289, 307, 333, 355, 380, 421, 429, 433, 459, 505, 521, 560, 582, 614, 619, 640, 651, 666, 709, 727, 758, 787, 835, 870, 888, 893, 923, 958, 976, 983, 1012, 1024, 1040, 1053, 1092, 1167, 1243, 1253, 1350, 1361, 1475, 1529, 1581, 1691, 1763, 1777, 1851, 2104, 2123, 2173, 2212, 2273, 2287, 2339, 2452, 2552, 2560, 2604, 2610, 2643, 2679, 2682], 'focused': [90, 187, 668, 1009], 'research': [91, 188, 509, 669, 1362, 2039, 2061, 2248, 2277, 2313, 2383, 2614, 2619, 2651], 'question,': [92, 189, 1909], '(ii)': [93, 532], 'methodologically': [95], 'explicit': [96, 120, 691, 1445, 1568, 1648], '(iii)': [98], 'less': [99, 1759, 1932, 2578], 'biased': [103, 1933], 'than': [104, 777, 901, 971, 1751, 1762, 1934], 'narrative': [105, 205, 606, 620, 1037, 1134, 1168, 1428, 1495, 1628, 1670, 1739, 1755, 1935, 2201, 2225, 2257, 2548, 2576, 2598, 2672], 'reviews.': [106, 607, 1595, 2673], 'This': [107, 409, 1703, 2334], 'stance': [108], 'reflects': [109, 1443], 'raison': [111], "d'être": [112], 'Cochrane': [115, 377, 645, 915, 2187], 'Collaboration,': [116], 'whose': [117], 'use': [118, 278, 379, 649, 1746], 'auditable': [122], 'quality': [123, 164, 703, 785, 1683, 2045, 2162], 'criteria': [124, 704, 1574, 1657], 'undertaking': [126, 2595], 'has': [129, 350, 852, 1192, 1525, 1689, 1741, 1775, 1973, 2484], 'inspired': [130], 'weighty': [132], 'methodological': [133, 149, 991, 1698], 'handbook,3': [134], 'numerous': [135, 2408, 2461], 'tools': [136], 'checklists4,': [138], '5': [139], 'structured': [141, 653], 'reporting': [142], 'criteria.6': [143], 'There': [144], 'strong': [146], 'emphasis': [147, 244, 286, 773, 1733], 'on': [148, 194, 209, 445, 483, 548, 774, 1010, 1027, 1096, 1149, 1226, 1239, 1281, 1607, 1610, 1641, 1734, 2160, 2516, 2533, 2650, 2681], 'reproducibility,': [150], 'with': [151, 458, 543, 564, 750, 789, 816, 931, 942, 1023, 1044, 1114, 1126, 1431, 1539, 1646, 1681, 1686, 1730, 1993, 2232, 2389, 2433, 2443, 2468, 2591], 'implication': [153], 'different': [156, 492, 625, 1106, 1377, 1392, 1396, 1420, 2561], 'review': [157, 348, 615, 621, 628, 642, 697, 788, 912, 1038, 1113, 1169, 1206, 1304, 1356, 1429, 1459, 1740, 1756, 1899, 2054, 2098, 2342, 2473, 2549, 2558, 2574, 2577], 'team,': [158], 'using': [159, 536, 690, 1052, 1269, 2597], 'same': [161, 172, 2386], 'search': [162, 675, 722, 1271, 1649], 'criteria,': [163, 801, 1275, 1794], 'checklists': [165], 'synthesis': [167, 388, 507, 587, 779, 938, 1464], 'tools,': [168], 'should': [169, 629, 2090, 2250], 'obtain': [170], 'result.3': [173], 'Yet': [174, 265], 'medical': [176], 'journals': [177, 330], 'regularly': [178], 'publish': [179], 'clinical': [180, 1498, 1559], 'topic': [181, 1515, 2084, 2288, 2683, 2695], 'may': [184, 410, 568, 860, 1062, 1085, 1259, 1261, 1467, 1820, 2206, 2638], 'lack': [185], 'methods': [190, 1272], 'section': [191], 'or': [192, 400, 448, 553, 634, 713, 875, 980, 982, 1082, 1216, 1260, 1556, 2166, 2263], 'statement': [193], 'how': [195, 426, 1189, 1385, 1408, 2082, 2300], 'studies': [196, 717, 859, 928, 1268, 1374, 1438], 'selected': [198, 2015], 'analysed': [200], '(see': [201, 988, 1403], 'example7-9).': [203], 'These': [204, 1805], 'typically': [207, 392], 'draw': [208], 'expert': [210], 'opinion': [211, 499], 'deliberately': [213], 'recruiting': [214], 'names': [216], 'field': [219], '(eg': [220], '"The': [221, 2476], 'aim': [222], 'this': [224, 342, 1190, 1245, 2006, 2216, 2418, 2694], 'Commission': [225], 'provide': [228], 'strongest': [230], 'evidence': [231, 282, 315, 390, 510, 940, 1180, 1191, 1705, 2119, 2134, 2180, 2209, 2228, 2662], 'base': [232, 1553, 2120], 'through': [233, 248, 1461], 'involvement': [234], 'experts': [236, 254], 'wide': [239, 460, 1716], 'cross-section': [240], 'disciplines…"—page': [242], '1953,': [243], 'added8).': [245], 'Reviews': [246], 'crafted': [247], 'experience': [250, 1600], 'judgement': [252, 293], 'often': [256, 2330], 'viewed': [257, 631, 756, 1348], 'as': [258, 272, 323, 332, 354, 632, 757, 795, 1208, 1349, 1482, 1644, 1810, 2371, 2373, 2414, 2451], 'untrustworthy': [259], '("eminence-based"': [260], 'pejorative': [263], 'term).': [264], 'classical': [267], 'definition': [268], 'EBM': [271], '"the': [273], 'conscientious,': [274], 'explicit,': [275], 'judicious': [277], 'current': [280], 'best': [281], '…"': [283], '(page': [284, 2536], '71,': [285], 'added)10': [287], 'suggests': [288], 'key': [290, 2240], 'role': [291, 1506, 1693], 'selection': [296, 2009], 'interpretation': [298, 535, 1045, 1288, 1737], 'evidence.': [300], 'In': [301, 1662, 1876, 2279], 'short,': [302], 'there': [303, 1894, 2131], 'appears': [304], 'growing': [308, 2133], 'divergence': [309], 'between': [310, 551, 1667, 1960], '"hierarchy"': [313], 'secondary': [317, 1701, 2060, 2647], 'research,': [318], 'which': [319, 559, 581, 1310, 1630, 1844, 1951, 2088, 2185, 2246, 2328, 2378, 2491], 'defines': [320], 'superior,11': [324], 'what': [326, 612, 617, 737, 1542, 1941, 2236, 2303], 'some': [327, 1325, 1743, 2582], 'academic': [329, 1421], 'view': [331], 'state-of-the-art': [334], '(that': [335], 'is,': [336], 'expert-led': [337], 'review.': [339], 'We': [340, 541, 608, 905, 2621], 'believe': [341, 2266], 'partly': [344, 360], 'format': [349], 'been': [351, 1193, 1526, 1536, 2332, 2640], 'erroneously': [352], 'defined': [353, 1293, 1416, 1853, 1975], 'universal': [356, 1968], 'gold': [357], 'standard': [358], 'term': [363, 742, 884, 1410, 1748, 1838], '"narrative': [364], 'review"': [365, 886, 1840], 'frequently': [367], 'misunderstood,': [368], 'misapplied': [369], 'unfairly': [371], 'dismissed.': [372], 'sense': [378, 646, 1077], 'highly': [381, 700, 1469], 'technical': [382, 775, 1786], 'approach': [383, 1491, 1903, 2406, 2512], 'identification,': [385], 'appraisal': [386], '(although': [393], 'not': [394, 877, 1073, 1183, 1262, 1337, 1511, 2551], 'invariably)': [395], 'privilege': [396], 'randomised': [397, 986, 2392, 2500], 'controlled': [398], 'trials': [399, 987, 2393, 2501], 'previous': [401, 544], 'over': [404, 1364, 1721, 2073], 'other': [405, 1432, 1663, 2148], 'forms': [406, 1426], 'evidence.11': [408], 'entirely': [412], 'appropriate—especially': [413], 'when': [414, 865, 1329, 1897], 'primary': [416, 683, 927, 1025, 1186, 1248, 1278, 1437, 1659, 2369], 'purpose': [417, 1297], 'answer': [420, 665], 'very': [422], 'specific': [423, 1906], 'question': [424, 944, 1015, 1517, 1939, 2020, 2050, 2076, 2244, 2388], 'about': [425, 1545], 'treat': [428], 'particular': [430, 434, 977, 1240, 1311, 1318, 1530, 2007, 2213], 'disease': [431], 'target': [435], 'group.': [436], 'But': [437, 881, 2215], 'doctor': [439], 'clinic,': [442], 'nurse': [444], 'ward': [447], 'social': [450, 2430, 2522], 'worker': [451], 'community': [454], 'will': [455, 479, 1455, 2315, 2655], 'encounter': [456], 'patients': [457, 2442], 'diversity': [461], 'health': [463], 'states,': [464], 'cultural': [465], 'backgrounds,': [466], 'illnesses,': [467], 'sufferings': [468], 'resources.12': [470], 'And': [471], 'those': [472, 574, 1878], 'who': [473, 1781, 2637], 'gather': [474], 'around': [475], 'policymaking': [477, 2110], 'table': [478], 'find': [480], 'multiple': [481], 'calls': [482], 'their': [484, 1577, 2632], 'attention—including': [485], 'burden': [486], 'need,': [488], 'local': [489], 'availability': [490], 'treatments,': [493], 'personal': [494], 'testimony,': [495], 'strength': [496], 'public': [498], 'budgetary': [501], 'realities.': [502], 'To': [503, 1161, 1833], 'produce': [504, 1317], 'meaningful': [506], 'relevant': [511, 682, 2126, 2238], 'such': [513, 793, 1481, 1586, 1642, 1919, 2035, 2270], 'complex': [514, 2422, 2485], 'situations,': [515], 'reviewer': [517, 678, 732, 1637, 2226], 'must': [518, 1170, 2217], 'incorporate': [520], 'broad': [522], 'range': [523, 925], 'knowledge': [525, 899, 1552, 1891, 2106], 'sources': [526], 'strategies': [528], 'knowing': [530], 'undertake': [533], 'multi-level': [534], 'creativity': [537], 'judgement.12,': [539], '13': [540], 'align': [542], 'authors,': [545], 'who,': [546], 'drawing': [547], 'Wittgenstein,': [549], 'distinguish': [550], 'puzzles': [552], 'problems': [554], 'require': [556, 576], 'data': [557, 806, 889, 1797], '(for': [558, 580, 1313, 1320, 1327, 1339], 'conventional': [561, 1111], 'review,': [563, 1070, 1135], 'meta-analysis': [565, 867, 1115], 'where': [566, 1343, 2307], 'appropriate,': [567], 'preferred': [571], 'methodology)': [572], 'clarification': [577], 'insight': [579, 1231], 'interpretive': [584, 778, 1222, 1914, 2012, 2047, 2284], 'discursive': [586], 'existing': [589], 'needed).14,': [592], '15': [593], 'Below,': [594], 'we': [595, 831, 1543, 1597, 1861, 1942, 1980, 1984, 2254, 2265, 2301, 2304], 'explore': [596], 'both': [597, 1177, 1673, 1758], 'strengths,': [598], 'limitations': [599, 2586], 'conceptual': [601], 'confusions': [602], 'consider': [609, 736], 'three': [610], 'questions:': [611], 'makes': [613], 'systematic;': [616], 'whether': [623, 869, 2052], 'these': [624, 1005, 1425, 1501, 1608], 'kinds': [626, 1102, 1107], 'competing': [633], 'complementary.': [635], 'defining': [637, 1652], 'characteristic': [638], 'predetermined': [652], 'method': [654, 1098], 'search,': [656, 767, 1715], 'screen,': [657], 'select,': [658], 'appraise': [659], 'summarise': [661], 'study': [662, 2518], 'findings': [663, 844, 1372, 1849, 2078], 'narrowly': [667], 'question.3,': [670], '16': [671], 'Using': [672], 'an': [673, 772, 1145, 1156, 1221, 1404, 1444, 1504, 1647, 1948, 1987, 2233, 2283, 2397, 2507, 2702], 'exhaustive': [674, 766, 1714], 'methodology,': [676], 'extracts': [679], 'all': [680, 2376], 'possibly': [681], 'studies,': [684, 2370], 'then': [686, 2710], 'limits': [687], 'dataset': [689], 'inclusion': [692, 798, 1654, 1793], 'exclusion': [694, 800, 1656, 1717], 'criteria.': [695], 'focus': [698, 1026, 1279, 1368, 1639], 'circumscribed': [701], 'tightly': [706], 'enforced.': [707], 'Typically,': [708], 'body': [710, 848, 1255, 1266, 1858], 'hundreds': [712, 2367], 'thousands': [714], 'potential': [716, 1886], 'identified': [718, 2353], 'initial': [721, 2703], 'whittled': [724], 'down': [725], 'mere': [728], 'handful': [729], 'before': [730], 'even': [733], 'begins': [734], 'collectively': [739], 'mean.': [740], '"systematic"': [743, 952, 1680, 2053], 'thus': [745, 954], 'no': [747], 'means': [748], 'synonymous': [749], '"high-quality".': [751], 'Rather,': [752], 'it': [753, 902, 1122, 1379, 1524], 'can': [754, 1049, 1233, 1917, 2003, 2056, 2259], 'set': [759], 'methodologies': [761, 1569], 'characterised': [762], 'tight': [764], 'focus,': [765], 'high': [768], 'rejection-to-inclusion': [769], 'ratio': [770], 'rather': [776, 970, 1750], 'methods.': [780], 'conflation': [782, 1678], 'assiduousness': [791], 'tasks': [794, 1284, 1643, 1787], 'searching,': [796, 1789], 'applying': [797], 'creating': [802, 1220], 'tables': [803], 'extracted': [805, 1796], 'mathematically': [808], 'summing': [809], 'effect': [810, 873, 2398], 'sizes': [811], '(rather': [812], 'than,': [813], 'example,': [815, 1314, 1321, 1328, 1340], 'level': [818], 'critical': [820, 1237, 1381, 1915], 'analysis': [821, 1462, 1988], "papers'": [824], 'unstated': [825], 'assumptions': [826], 'discussion': [828], 'sections)': [829], 'has,': [830], 'believe,': [832], 'led': [833], 'proliferation': [836], 'represent': [841, 1172], 'aggregations': [842], 'within': [845, 897, 913, 1391, 1588, 2603], 'narrow': [847, 1014, 2387, 2419, 2611], 'work': [850, 992], 'met': [853], "authors'": [855], 'eligibility': [856], 'criteria.17-19': [857], 'Such': [858], 'sometimes': [861], 'add': [862], 'value,': [863], 'especially': [864], 'additional': [866], 'confirms': [868], 'clinically': [871], 'also': [878, 1473, 1519], 'statistically': [879], 'significant.20': [880], 'sometimes,': [882], '"systematic': [885, 1839, 2573], 'allows': [887], 'aggregation': [890], 'claim': [892], 'privileged': [895], 'position': [896], 'hierarchy': [900, 1706, 2572, 2645], 'actually': [903], 'deserves.11': [904], 'acknowledge': [906], 'science': [909, 2137], 'Campbell': [917], 'Collaborations': [918], 'evolving': [920], 'embrace': [922], 'wider': [924, 1254], 'methodologies,': [930], 'recommended': [932], 'procedures': [933, 1061], 'sampling,': [935], 'assessment': [936], 'compliant': [941], 'asked': [945], 'context': [948, 1251], 'explored.': [949], 'adjective': [951], 'coming': [955], 'acquire': [957], 'broader': [959], 'meaning': [960], 'terms': [962], 'transparency': [965], 'appropriateness': [967], 'methods,': [969], 'signifying': [972], 'strict': [973, 1653], 'adherence': [974], 'pre-defined': [978], 'tool': [979], 'checklist': [981], 'privileging': [984, 2068], 'example': [990, 1406], 'Lewin': [994], 'et': [995, 998, 1002, 1816], 'al,21': [996], 'Petticrew': [997], 'al22': [999], 'Pluye': [1001], 'al23-25).': [1003], 'All': [1004, 1500, 2708], 'approaches,': [1006], 'however,': [1007], 'remain': [1008], 'answering': [1011, 1905], 'relatively': [1013], 'predefined': [1018], 'at': [1019, 1376, 1395, 2021], 'outset': [1021], 'extraction,': [1029], 'tabulation': [1030], 'summation': [1032], 'empirical': [1034], 'data.': [1035, 1770], 'scholarly': [1041, 1393], 'summary': [1042], 'along': [1043, 2590], 'critique.26': [1047], 'It': [1048, 1224, 1258, 1962, 2352], 'conducted': [1051, 1088], 'number': [1054, 1476], 'distinctive': [1056], 'methodologies.': [1057], 'While': [1058, 1893], 'principles': [1059], 'diverge': [1063], 'classic': [1066], 'methodology': [1067, 2013], 'unsystematic': [1074], '(in': [1075, 2182], 'being': [1079, 1489], 'ad': [1080], 'hoc': [1081], 'careless),': [1083], 'certainly': [1086], 'presented': [1090], 'way,': [1094, 1531], 'depending': [1095], 'purpose,': [1097], 'context.': [1100], 'Different': [1101], 'offer': [1105], 'truth:': [1109], 'deals': [1116, 1138], 'probabilistic': [1118], '(typically,': [1119], 'Bayesian)': [1120], 'truth;': [1121], 'concerned': [1124], 'mainly': [1125], 'producing': [1127], 'generalisable': [1128], '"facts"': [1129], 'aid': [1131], 'prediction.': [1132], 'contrast,': [1137], 'plausible': [1140], 'truth.': [1141], 'Its': [1142], 'goal': [1143], 'authoritative': [1146], 'argument,': [1147], 'based': [1148, 1606, 2515, 2532], 'informed': [1150], 'wisdom': [1151], 'convincing': [1154], 'audience': [1157], 'fellow': [1159], 'experts.': [1160], 'end,': [1163], 'author': [1165], 'authentically': [1171], 'written': [1175], 'product': [1176], 'underpinning': [1179], '(including': [1181, 2363], 'but': [1182, 1276, 1336, 1518, 1809, 2559, 2636], 'limited': [1184, 2325, 2477], 'research)': [1187], 'drawn': [1194, 1197], 'upon': [1195, 2031, 2623], 'together': [1198], 'inform': 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