Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2791358533', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s11825-018-0181-7', 'title': 'Disorders of spermatogenesis', 'display_name': 'Disorders of spermatogenesis', 'publication_year': 2018, 'publication_date': '2018-02-26', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2791358533', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s11825-018-0181-7', 'mag': '2791358533', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29527098', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5838132'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s11825-018-0181-7', 'pdf_url': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11825-018-0181-7.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S182554291', 'display_name': 'Medizinische Genetik', 'issn_l': '0936-5931', 'issn': ['0936-5931', '1863-5490'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Nature', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11825-018-0181-7.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5022099945', 'display_name': 'Frank Tüttelmann', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2745-9965'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I22465464', 'display_name': 'University of Münster', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00pd74e08', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I22465464']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Frank Tüttelmann', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Aff1 0000 0001 2172 9288 grid.5949.1 Institute of Human Genetics University of Münster Vesaliusweg 12–14 48149 Münster Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Aff1 0000 0001 2172 9288 grid.5949.1 Institute of Human Genetics University of Münster Vesaliusweg 12–14 48149 Münster Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I22465464']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5055357299', 'display_name': 'Christian Rückert', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9722-4435'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I22465464', 'display_name': 'University of Münster', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00pd74e08', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I22465464']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Christian Ruckert', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Aff1 0000 0001 2172 9288 grid.5949.1 Institute of Human Genetics University of Münster Vesaliusweg 12–14 48149 Münster Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Aff1 0000 0001 2172 9288 grid.5949.1 Institute of Human Genetics University of Münster Vesaliusweg 12–14 48149 Münster Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I22465464']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5053263445', 'display_name': 'Albrecht Röpke', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6615-0330'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I22465464', 'display_name': 'University of Münster', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00pd74e08', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I22465464']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Albrecht Röpke', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Aff1 0000 0001 2172 9288 grid.5949.1 Institute of Human Genetics University of Münster Vesaliusweg 12–14 48149 Münster Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Aff1 0000 0001 2172 9288 grid.5949.1 Institute of Human Genetics University of Münster Vesaliusweg 12–14 48149 Münster Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I22465464']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 4.409, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 201, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999049, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '30', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '12', 'last_page': '20'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11077', 'display_name': 'Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11077', 'display_name': 'Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11956', 'display_name': 'Sexual Differentiation and Disorders', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10116', 'display_name': 'Sperm and Testicular Function', 'score': 0.9987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2743', 'display_name': 'Reproductive Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/obstructive-azoospermia', 'display_name': 'Obstructive azoospermia', 'score': 0.5507428}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/human-genetics', 'display_name': 'Human genetics', 'score': 0.50131345}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/candidate-gene', 'display_name': 'Candidate gene', 'score': 0.42298478}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777420699', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q794026', 'display_name': 'Azoospermia', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.92172}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777338322', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280156', 'display_name': 'Male infertility', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.78518814}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777688143', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179399', 'display_name': 'Infertility', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6308768}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3018711027', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q794026', 'display_name': 'Obstructive azoospermia', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.5507428}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.50483924}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780673598', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285223', 'display_name': 'Genetic testing', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5019376}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C47042493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q265799', 'display_name': 'Human genetics', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.50131345}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.49934816}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C16671776', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5420592', 'display_name': 'Exome sequencing', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.49631983}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C69991583', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423575', 'display_name': 'Candidate gene', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42298478}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C60644358', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570', 'display_name': 'Bioinformatics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3895944}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3585557}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.34697855}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C29456083', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899', 'display_name': 'Gynecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33681107}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127716648', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053', 'display_name': 'Phenotype', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.2942665}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779234561', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995', 'display_name': 'Pregnancy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.07907459}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s11825-018-0181-7', 'pdf_url': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11825-018-0181-7.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S182554291', 'display_name': 'Medizinische Genetik', 'issn_l': '0936-5931', 'issn': ['0936-5931', '1863-5490'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Nature', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5838132', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5838132?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5838132', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29527098', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s11825-018-0181-7', 'pdf_url': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs11825-018-0181-7.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S182554291', 'display_name': 'Medizinische Genetik', 'issn_l': '0936-5931', 'issn': ['0936-5931', '1863-5490'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Nature', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 63, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1506336483', 'https://openalex.org/W1600346674', 'https://openalex.org/W1650584138', 'https://openalex.org/W17106904', 'https://openalex.org/W1933573353', 'https://openalex.org/W1966579785', 'https://openalex.org/W1967368474', 'https://openalex.org/W1969127101', 'https://openalex.org/W1969720894', 'https://openalex.org/W1987303855', 'https://openalex.org/W2002818593', 'https://openalex.org/W2011684878', 'https://openalex.org/W2014805268', 'https://openalex.org/W2041398518', 'https://openalex.org/W2044574981', 'https://openalex.org/W2051978340', 'https://openalex.org/W2061978261', 'https://openalex.org/W2063067265', 'https://openalex.org/W2070319253', 'https://openalex.org/W2070406674', 'https://openalex.org/W2083018088', 'https://openalex.org/W2083513899', 'https://openalex.org/W2093305484', 'https://openalex.org/W2102713006', 'https://openalex.org/W2104043769', 'https://openalex.org/W2109814745', 'https://openalex.org/W2110598765', 'https://openalex.org/W2110726887', 'https://openalex.org/W2112363802', 'https://openalex.org/W2112366096', 'https://openalex.org/W2115558586', 'https://openalex.org/W2124586483', 'https://openalex.org/W2136705765', 'https://openalex.org/W2138033133', 'https://openalex.org/W2146128933', 'https://openalex.org/W2150135631', 'https://openalex.org/W2151496389', 'https://openalex.org/W2154607515', 'https://openalex.org/W2156400902', 'https://openalex.org/W2156851441', 'https://openalex.org/W2158899309', 'https://openalex.org/W2160711178', 'https://openalex.org/W2164007475', 'https://openalex.org/W2164057051', 'https://openalex.org/W2166011264', 'https://openalex.org/W2167516129', 'https://openalex.org/W2169580995', 'https://openalex.org/W2176748923', 'https://openalex.org/W2178429948', 'https://openalex.org/W2211493026', 'https://openalex.org/W2223706311', 'https://openalex.org/W2323217275', 'https://openalex.org/W2326112268', 'https://openalex.org/W2349312158', 'https://openalex.org/W2469446652', 'https://openalex.org/W2471970444', 'https://openalex.org/W2489827014', 'https://openalex.org/W2528781671', 'https://openalex.org/W2553343555', 'https://openalex.org/W2585888498', 'https://openalex.org/W2588629476', 'https://openalex.org/W327137974', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3158578870', 'https://openalex.org/W2759020792', 'https://openalex.org/W2406960999', 'https://openalex.org/W2405858068', 'https://openalex.org/W2379104760', 'https://openalex.org/W2371467745', 'https://openalex.org/W2065239498', 'https://openalex.org/W2030200825', 'https://openalex.org/W158667115', 'https://openalex.org/W134638100'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'Infertility': [1], 'is': [2, 95, 110], 'a': [3, 75, 119, 211, 245], 'common': [4], 'condition': [5], 'estimated': [6], 'to': [7, 20, 127, 176, 185, 235, 266, 277, 315], 'affect': [8], '10–15%': [9], 'of': [10, 45, 82, 90, 103, 122, 213, 220, 273, 299], 'couples.': [11], 'The': [12, 49], 'clinical': [13, 50, 178, 283, 313], 'causes': [14, 272], 'are': [15, 143, 149, 291], 'attributed': [16], 'in': [17, 38, 79, 85, 99, 113, 146, 207, 215, 232, 248, 258, 269, 305], 'equal': [18], 'parts': [19], 'the': [21, 41, 57, 107, 147, 156, 188, 221, 229, 238, 297, 306], 'male': [22, 27, 131, 191, 255, 274, 300], 'and': [23, 47, 61, 67, 88, 106, 164, 197, 227, 276, 309], 'female': [24], 'partners.': [25], 'Diagnosing': [26], 'infertility': [28, 132, 192, 275, 301], 'mostly': [29], 'relies': [30], 'on': [31, 250], 'semen': [32], '(and': [33], 'hormone)': [34], 'analysis,': [35], 'which': [36], 'results': [37], 'classification': [39], 'into': [40, 282, 312], 'two': [42], 'major': [43, 294], 'phenotypes': [44], 'oligo-': [46], 'azoospermia.': [48, 117, 261], 'routine': [51, 284, 314], 'analyses': [52, 158, 201], 'have': [53, 124, 173, 243, 285], 'not': [54, 174], 'changed': [55], 'over': [56], 'last': [58], '20': [59], 'years': [60], 'comprise': [62], 'screening': [63], 'for': [64, 134, 152, 254], 'chromosomal': [65], 'aberrations': [66], 'Y‑chromosomal': [68], 'azoospermia': [69, 214], 'factor': [70], 'deletions.': [71], 'These': [72], 'tests': [73], 'establish': [74], 'causal': [76], 'genetic': [77, 271], 'diagnosis': [78], 'about': [80], '4%': [81], 'unselected': [83], 'men': [84, 114, 259], 'infertile': [86], 'couples': [87], '20%': [89], 'azoospermic': [91], 'men.': [92], 'Gene': [93], 'sequencing': [94, 168], 'currently': [96], 'only': [97], 'performed': [98, 170], 'very': [100], 'rare': [101], 'cases': [102], 'hypogonadotropic': [104], 'hypogonadism': [105], 'CFTR': [108], 'gene': [109], 'routinely': [111, 186], 'analysed': [112, 224], 'with': [115, 130, 260], 'obstructive': [116], 'Still,': [118], 'large': [120], 'number': [121], 'genes': [123, 209, 253], 'been': [125, 286], 'proposed': [126], 'be': [128, 303], 'associated': [129], 'by,': [133], 'example,': [135], 'knock-out': [136], 'mouse': [137], 'models.': [138], 'In': [139, 181, 262], 'particular,': [140], 'those': [141], 'that': [142, 293], 'exclusively': [144], 'expressed': [145], 'testes': [148], 'potential': [150], 'candidates': [151], 'further': [153], 'analyses.': [154], 'However,': [155], 'genome-wide': [157], '(a': [159], 'few': [160, 240], 'array-CGH,': [161], 'six': [162], 'GWAS,': [163], 'some': [165], 'small': [166], 'exome': [167], 'studies)': [169], 'so': [171, 225], 'far': [172], 'lead': [175], 'improved': [177], 'diagnostic': [179, 230], 'testing.': [180], '2017,': [182], 'we': [183, 242, 290], 'started': [184], 'analyse': [187], 'three': [189], 'validated': [190], 'genes:': [193], 'NR5A1,': [194], 'DMRT1': [195], ',': [196], 'TEX11': [198], '.': [199], 'Preliminary': [200], 'demonstrated': [202], 'highly': [203], 'likely': [204], 'pathogenic': [205], 'mutations': [206], 'these': [208], 'as': [210], 'cause': [212], '4': [216], 'men,': [217], 'equalling': [218], '5%': [219], '80': [222], 'patients': [223], 'far,': [226], 'increasing': [228], 'yield': [231], 'this': [233], 'group': [234], '25%.': [236], 'Over': [237], 'past': [239], 'years,': [241], 'observed': [244], 'steep': [246], 'increase': [247], 'publications': [249], 'novel': [251, 279], 'candidate': [252], 'infertility,': [256], 'especially': [257], 'addition,': [263], 'concerted': [264], 'efforts': [265], 'achieve': [267], 'progress': [268], 'elucidating': [270], 'introduce': [278], 'testing': [280], 'strategies': [281], 'made': [287], 'recently.': [288], 'Thus,': [289], 'confident': [292], 'breakthroughs': [295], 'concerning': [296], 'genetics': [298], 'will': [302, 310], 'achieved': [304], 'near': [307], 'future': [308], 'translate': [311], 'improve': [316], 'patient/couple': [317], 'care.': [318]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2791358533', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 43}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 43}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 35}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-02T02:24:32.400433', 'created_date': '2018-03-29'}