Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2785011159', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao5580', 'title': 'The accuracy, fairness, and limits of predicting recidivism', 'display_name': 'The accuracy, fairness, and limits of predicting recidivism', 'publication_year': 2018, 'publication_date': '2018-01-05', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2785011159', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao5580', 'mag': '2785011159', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29376122', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5777393'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao5580', 'pdf_url': 'https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/advances/4/1/eaao5580.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2737427234', 'display_name': 'Science Advances', 'issn_l': '2375-2548', 'issn': ['2375-2548'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315823', 'host_organization_name': 'American Association for the Advancement of Science', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315823'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Association for the Advancement of Science'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/advances/4/1/eaao5580.full.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5091910784', 'display_name': 'Julia Dressel', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6124-3845'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I107672454', 'display_name': 'Dartmouth College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/049s0rh22', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I107672454']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Julia Dressel', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['6211 Sudikoff Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '6211 Sudikoff Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I107672454']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5102969395', 'display_name': 'Hany Farid', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6095-8339'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I107672454', 'display_name': 'Dartmouth College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/049s0rh22', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I107672454']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Hany Farid', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['6211 Sudikoff Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '6211 Sudikoff Laboratory, Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I107672454']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5102969395'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I107672454'], 'apc_list': {'value': 4500, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4500, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 4500, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4500, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 116.285, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 826, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999966, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '4', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10574', 'display_name': 'Crime Patterns and Interventions', 'score': 0.999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10574', 'display_name': 'Crime Patterns and Interventions', 'score': 0.999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10565', 'display_name': 'Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending', 'score': 0.9976, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3203', 'display_name': 'Clinical Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10318', 'display_name': 'Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis', 'score': 0.9963, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/recidivism', 'display_name': 'Recidivism', 'score': 0.9575516}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776090404', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1420643', 'display_name': 'Recidivism', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9575516}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C102587632', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488', 'display_name': 'Criminal justice', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6191756}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.611377}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C73484699', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733', 'display_name': 'Criminology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5381708}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.35040945}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162118730', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453', 'display_name': 'Actuarial science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34161812}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33436483}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119857082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539', 'display_name': 'Machine learning', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32441932}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.106876254}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000075665', 'descriptor_name': 'Recidivism', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000523', 'qualifier_name': 'psychology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000465', 'descriptor_name': 'Algorithms', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019540', 'descriptor_name': 'Area Under Curve', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012372', 'descriptor_name': 'ROC Curve', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000075665', 'descriptor_name': 'Recidivism', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao5580', 'pdf_url': 'https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/advances/4/1/eaao5580.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2737427234', 'display_name': 'Science Advances', 'issn_l': '2375-2548', 'issn': ['2375-2548'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315823', 'host_organization_name': 'American Association for the Advancement of Science', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315823'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Association for the Advancement of Science'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5777393', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5777393?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5777393', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29376122', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao5580', 'pdf_url': 'https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/advances/4/1/eaao5580.full.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2737427234', 'display_name': 'Science Advances', 'issn_l': '2375-2548', 'issn': ['2375-2548'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315823', 'host_organization_name': 'American Association for the Advancement of Science', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315823'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Association for the Advancement of Science'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 18, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1974400310', 'https://openalex.org/W2000894890', 'https://openalex.org/W2009186392', 'https://openalex.org/W2059165232', 'https://openalex.org/W2074414186', 'https://openalex.org/W2103311328', 'https://openalex.org/W2113821536', 'https://openalex.org/W2154499512', 'https://openalex.org/W2157387304', 'https://openalex.org/W2317157131', 'https://openalex.org/W2606882704', 'https://openalex.org/W2744365997', 'https://openalex.org/W2778670458', 'https://openalex.org/W2791059564', 'https://openalex.org/W2903950532', 'https://openalex.org/W3102834905', 'https://openalex.org/W4236485821', 'https://openalex.org/W4239510810'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W52776281', 'https://openalex.org/W4396217017', 'https://openalex.org/W4226225858', 'https://openalex.org/W3093286484', 'https://openalex.org/W2093410162', 'https://openalex.org/W2089396529', 'https://openalex.org/W2075087602', 'https://openalex.org/W2043527794', 'https://openalex.org/W2033004322', 'https://openalex.org/W1632022533'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Algorithms': [0], 'for': [1], 'predicting': [2], 'recidivism': [3], 'are': [4, 19], 'commonly': [5], 'used': [6, 20, 55], 'to': [7, 95], 'assess': [8], 'a': [9, 15, 83], 'criminal': [10, 76], "defendant's": [11], 'likelihood': [12], 'of': [13, 28], 'committing': [14], 'crime.': [16], 'These': [17], 'predictions': [18, 68], 'in': [21], 'pretrial,': [22], 'parole,': [23], 'and': [24, 35, 44], 'sentencing': [25], 'decisions.': [26], 'Proponents': [27], 'these': [29, 40], 'systems': [30], 'argue': [31], 'that': [32, 52, 82], 'big': [33], 'data': [34], 'advanced': [36], 'machine': [37], 'learning': [38], 'make': [39], 'analyses': [41], 'more': [42, 63], 'accurate': [43, 64], 'less': [45], 'biased': [46], 'than': [47, 67], 'humans.': [48], 'We': [49, 79], 'show,': [50], 'however,': [51], 'the': [53], 'widely': [54], 'commercial': [56], 'risk': [57], 'assessment': [58], 'software': [59], 'COMPAS': [60, 96], 'is': [61, 92], 'no': [62, 75], 'or': [65, 74], 'fair': [66], 'made': [69], 'by': [70], 'people': [71], 'with': [72, 88, 97], 'little': [73], 'justice': [77], 'expertise.': [78], 'further': [80], 'show': [81], 'simple': [84], 'linear': [85], 'predictor': [86], 'provided': [87], 'only': [89], 'two': [90], 'features': [91], 'nearly': [93], 'equivalent': [94], 'its': [98], '137': [99], 'features.': [100]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2785011159', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 130}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 151}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 118}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 135}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 163}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 86}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 33}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-19T13:11:15.587761', 'created_date': '2018-02-02'}