Abstract: Li-Hsien Yeh and co-workers, report for the first time, in article number 1702691, that a nanopore having smaller surface charge density can export remarkably higher nanofluidic salinity gradient power (NSGP). The counterintuitive, surface-charge-dependent NSGP behavior is demonstrated, caused by the pH-dependent ion concentration polarization effect, which results in the reduction of the effective concentration ratio across a nanopore.