Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2773526048', 'doi': None, 'title': "Analogy with Qualitative Spatial Representations Can Simulate Solving Raven's Progressive Matrices", 'display_name': "Analogy with Qualitative Spatial Representations Can Simulate Solving Raven's Progressive Matrices", 'publication_year': 2007, 'publication_date': '2007-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2773526048', 'mag': '2773526048'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://andrewlovett.net/Papers/CogSci07_Ravens_Final.pdf', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306523994', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5018729972', 'display_name': 'Andrew Lovett', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4463-1946'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Andrew Lovett', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Northwestern University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Northwestern University', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5063358572', 'display_name': 'Kenneth D. Forbus', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2067-5227'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kenneth Forbus', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Northwestern University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Northwestern University', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5021349941', 'display_name': 'Jeffrey Usher', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jeffrey Usher', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Northwestern University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Northwestern University', 'institution_ids': []}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 6.073, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 34, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.934024, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 91, 'max': 92}, 'biblio': {'volume': '29', 'issue': '29', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11596', 'display_name': 'Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization', 'score': 0.9954, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1705', 'display_name': 'Computer Networks and Communications'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11596', 'display_name': 'Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization', 'score': 0.9954, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1705', 'display_name': 'Computer Networks and Communications'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11904', 'display_name': 'Spatial Cognition and Navigation', 'score': 0.9871, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2203', 'display_name': 'Automotive Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Science and Mapping', 'score': 0.9865, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1702', 'display_name': 'Artificial Intelligence'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ravens-progressive-matrices', 'display_name': "Raven's Progressive Matrices", 'score': 0.96713734}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix', 'display_name': 'Matrix (chemical analysis)', 'score': 0.5453394}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/representation', 'display_name': 'Representation', 'score': 0.53808403}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-intelligence', 'display_name': 'Spatial intelligence', 'score': 0.47357067}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/sketch', 'display_name': 'Sketch', 'score': 0.4398902}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C173354102', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1510887', 'display_name': "Raven's Progressive Matrices", 'level': 3, 'score': 0.96713734}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C521332185', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816', 'display_name': 'Analogy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9087386}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177264268', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741', 'display_name': 'Set (abstract data type)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5855648}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5530145}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C106487976', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816', 'display_name': 'Matrix (chemical analysis)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5453394}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776359362', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286', 'display_name': 'Representation (politics)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.53808403}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C26760741', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402', 'display_name': 'Perception', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49332634}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C155911833', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3817354', 'display_name': 'Spatial intelligence', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47357067}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777267654', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023', 'display_name': 'Test (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46643996}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779231336', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534724', 'display_name': 'Sketch', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4398902}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42326897}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17242071}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14522669}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.14196625}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169900460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417', 'display_name': 'Cognition', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.10206413}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://andrewlovett.net/Papers/CogSci07_Ravens_Final.pdf', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306523994', 'display_name': 'Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.51, 'display_name': 'Quality education', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 17, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1486157441', 'https://openalex.org/W1518120542', 'https://openalex.org/W1542036844', 'https://openalex.org/W1579248359', 'https://openalex.org/W1894134410', 'https://openalex.org/W1995921430', 'https://openalex.org/W2004569303', 'https://openalex.org/W2026161499', 'https://openalex.org/W2029182003', 'https://openalex.org/W2039971712', 'https://openalex.org/W2065343501', 'https://openalex.org/W2067737176', 'https://openalex.org/W2131666595', 'https://openalex.org/W2152909313', 'https://openalex.org/W2168700136', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W55342465'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W80679475', 'https://openalex.org/W53463721', 'https://openalex.org/W3172363867', 'https://openalex.org/W2586126444', 'https://openalex.org/W2402202991', 'https://openalex.org/W2145454741', 'https://openalex.org/W2098138601', 'https://openalex.org/W2078206416', 'https://openalex.org/W2068417085', 'https://openalex.org/W2067737176', 'https://openalex.org/W2059975159', 'https://openalex.org/W2059455398', 'https://openalex.org/W2045960328', 'https://openalex.org/W2026161499', 'https://openalex.org/W2018979488', 'https://openalex.org/W1983164551', 'https://openalex.org/W1894134410', 'https://openalex.org/W1662368540', 'https://openalex.org/W1597005304', 'https://openalex.org/W1511447821'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Analogy': [0], 'with': [1, 91, 221, 450], 'Qualitative': [2, 20, 242], 'Spatial': [3, 244], 'Representations': [4], 'Can': [5], 'Simulate': [6], 'Solving': [7], 'Raven’s': [8, 153, 226, 497, 717], 'Progressive': [9, 154, 227, 498, 533, 605], 'Matrices': [10, 228, 499, 534], 'Andrew': [11], 'Lovett': [12], '([email protected])': [13], 'Kenneth': [14], 'Forbus': [15], '([email protected])': [16], 'Jeffrey': [17], 'Usher': [18], '([email protected])': [19], 'Reasoning': [21], 'Group,': [22], 'Northwestern': [23], 'University': [24], '2133': [25], 'Sheridan': [26], 'Road,': [27], 'Evanston,': [28], 'IL': [29], '60201': [30], 'USA': [31], 'intelligence': [32], 'test': [33], 'which': [34, 95, 164, 540], 'measures': [35], 'individuals’': [36], 'eductive': [37], 'ability,': [38], 'i.e.,': [39, 376], 'their': [40, 624, 640, 678], 'ability': [41], 'to': [42, 78, 145, 169, 223, 270, 275, 290, 295, 371, 391, 396, 611, 703, 714], 'find': [43], 'patterns': [44, 729], 'in': [45, 62, 94, 159, 181, 257, 265, 293, 355, 362, 438, 468, 485, 507, 509, 530, 579], 'the': [46, 71, 80, 83, 96, 107, 112, 122, 133, 152, 197, 213, 225, 237, 299, 379, 403, 451, 477, 496, 531, 550, 563, 580, 597, 603, 613, 616, 637, 647, 659, 667, 674, 683, 716], 'apparent': [47], 'chaos': [48], 'of': [49, 52, 82, 117, 128, 143, 149, 196, 301, 342, 357, 378, 405, 428, 436, 446, 463, 519, 583, 599, 615, 639, 696], 'a': [50, 92, 115, 126, 140, 147, 160, 200, 262, 329, 339, 343, 347, 412, 425, 461, 514, 520], 'set': [51, 116, 127, 148, 404, 462], 'visual': [53, 251, 284, 706], 'scenes': [54], '(Raven': [55, 536], 'et': [56, 334, 364, 537, 593], 'al.,': [57, 335, 365, 538], '1998).': [58], 'The': [59, 552], 'matrices': [60], 'come': [61], 'two': [63], 'forms:': [64], '2x2': [65, 123, 521, 560], 'and': [66, 183, 253, 402, 505, 522, 554, 566, 632, 663, 676, 685], '3x3': [67, 134, 523, 572], '(see': [68], 'Figure': [69, 516], '1;': [70], 'authors': [72], 'have': [73, 166, 326], 'made': [74], 'up': [75], 'these': [76, 255, 416, 621, 697], 'examples': [77], 'protect': [79], 'security': [81], 'test).': [84], 'In': [85], 'each': [86, 546, 557, 569], 'problem,': [87], 'individuals': [88], 'are': [89, 314, 482, 527, 734], 'presented': [90], 'matrix': [93, 113, 524], 'bottom': [97], 'right': [98], 'entry': [99], 'has': [100, 501], 'been': [101, 502], 'left': [102], 'blank.': [103], 'Test-takers': [104], 'must': [105], 'pick': [106], 'image': [108], 'that': [109, 212, 309, 442], 'correctly': [110], 'finishes': [111], 'from': [114, 151], '6': [118], 'possible': [119, 130, 406], 'answers': [120, 131, 407], 'for': [121, 132, 172, 236, 459], 'matrices,': [124, 561], 'or': [125, 388, 730], '8': [129], 'matrices.': [135, 573], 'Abstract': [136], 'We': [137, 210, 414, 440, 526, 700, 709, 733], 'use': [138, 254, 701, 710], 'SME,': [139], 'domain-general': [141, 444], 'model': [142, 427, 445, 679, 692], 'analogy,': [144, 447], 'solve': [146, 224, 372, 715], 'problems': [150, 377, 417, 466, 478], 'Matrices.': [155, 606], 'SME': [156, 222, 419], 'is': [157, 179, 261, 274, 308, 390, 395, 513, 541], 'used': [158, 220, 354, 368, 449, 467, 479, 506, 687], 'two-stage': [161], 'mapping': [162], 'process': [163], 'we': [165, 248, 325, 367], 'previously': [167], 'shown': [168], 'be': [170, 219, 291, 353], 'effective': [171], 'solving': [173, 460], 'geometric': [174, 373], 'analogy': [175, 374, 429, 437, 465], 'problems.': [176, 622], 'Each': [177], 'problem': [178, 300], 'drawn': [180, 345, 410], 'PowerPoint': [182], 'input': [184], 'into': [185, 543, 666], 'sKEA,': [186, 328, 456], 'our': [187, 250, 443, 719], 'sketch': [188, 277, 330, 344], 'understanding': [189, 331], 'system.': [190], 'sKEA': [191, 217, 337, 369, 702], 'automatically': [192, 704], 'computes': [193, 338], 'qualitative': [194, 315, 340], 'representations': [195, 214, 256, 313, 370], 'drawings,': [198], 'using': [199, 231, 418, 651], 'spatial': [201, 258, 304, 312, 452], 'representation': [202, 341, 350], 'scheme': [203], 'motivated': [204], 'by': [205, 216, 346, 411, 455, 480, 688, 737], 'research': [206], 'on': [207, 298, 431, 602, 620, 627], 'human': [208, 311, 488], 'perception.': [209], 'show': [211], 'generated': [215], 'can': [218, 351], 'problems,': [229, 286, 375], 'without': [230], 'any': [232, 724], 'processes': [233, 713], 'specifically': [234], 'designed': [235], 'task.': [238], 'Keywords:': [239], 'Reasoning.': [240], 'Analogy,': [241], 'Reasoning,': [243], '1.': [245], 'Introduction': [246], 'How': [247], 'represent': [249], 'world': [252], 'reasoning': [259, 358], 'tasks': [260], 'deep': [263], 'issue': [264, 273], 'Cognitive': [266], 'Science.': [267], 'One': [268], 'way': [269], 'explore': [271, 322], 'this': [272, 323], 'investigate': [276], 'understanding,': [278], 'since': [279], 'it': [280, 672], 'enables': [281], 'some': [282], 'early': [283], 'processing': [285], 'particularly': [287, 528], 'edge': [288], 'detection,': [289], 'sidestepped': [292], 'order': [294], 'focus': [296, 625], 'instead': [297], 'computing': [302], 'mid-level': [303], 'representations.': [305, 707], 'Our': [306, 691], 'hypothesis': [307], 'many': [310], '(Forbus,': [316], 'Ferguson,': [317], '&': [318, 422], 'Usher,': [319], '2001).': [320], 'To': [321], 'hypothesis,': [324], 'developed': [327], 'system': [332, 608, 720], '(Forbus': [333], '2004).': [336], 'user.': [348, 413], 'This': [349], 'then': [352], 'models': [356], 'tasks.': [359], 'For': [360], 'example,': [361], '(Tomai': [363], '2005),': [366], 'form,': [380], 'A': [381, 553, 575], ':': [382, 386], 'B': [383, 392, 555], '::': [384], 'C': [385, 394], '?,': [387], '“A': [389], 'as': [393], '_?”,': [397], 'where': [398], 'A,': [399], 'B,': [400], 'C,': [401, 564], 'were': [408], 'sketches': [409], 'solved': [415], '(Falkenhainer,': [420], 'Forbus,': [421], 'Gentner,': [423], '1989),': [424], 'computational': [426], 'based': [430], 'Gentner’s': [432], '(1983)': [433], 'structure-mapping': [434], 'theory': [435], 'humans.': [439], 'demonstrated': [441], 'when': [448], 'information': [453], 'provided': [454], 'was': [457, 609, 626], 'sufficient': [458], '20': [464], 'Evans’': [469], '(1968)': [470], 'classic': [471], 'work.': [472], 'While': [473], 'an': [474, 584, 652], 'important': [475], 'step,': [476], 'Evans': [481], 'not': [483, 681, 722], 'calibrated': [484], 'detail': [486], 'against': [487], 'performance': [489, 598, 614, 736], 'at': [490], 'different': [491], 'developmental': [492], 'levels.': [493], 'By': [494], 'contrast,': [495], '(RPM)': [500], 'heavily': [503], 'studied': [504], 'evaluations': [508], 'recent': [510], 'years.': [511], 'RPM': [512], 'nonverbal': [515], '1:': [517], 'Examples': [518], 'problem.': [525], 'interested': [529], 'Standard': [532], '(SPM)': [535], '2000),': [539], 'divided': [542], 'five': [544], 'sections,': [545], 'progressively': [547], 'harder': [548], 'than': [549, 650, 670], 'last.': [551], 'sections': [556, 568, 587], 'contain': [558, 570], '12': [559, 571], 'while': [562], 'D,': [565], 'E': [567], 'Section': [574], 'involves': [576], 'simply': [577], 'filling': [578], 'missing': [581], 'part': [582], 'image.': [585], 'Later': [586], 'require': [588], 'more': [589], 'abstract': [590], 'reasoning.': [591], 'Carpenter': [592], 'al.': [594], '(1990)': [595], 'modeled': [596], 'college': [600], 'students': [601, 619, 629], 'Advanced': [604], 'Their': [607], 'able': [610], 'match': [612], 'most': [617], 'advanced': [618, 739], 'However,': [623], 'how': [628], 'organized': [630], 'knowledge': [631, 726], 'applied': [633], 'problem-specific': [634], 'strategies.': [635], 'Among': [636], 'shortcomings': [638], 'study,': [641], 'they': [642, 645, 657], 'mentioned:': [643], '(1)': [644, 699], 'hand-coded': [646, 664], 'stimuli,': [648], 'rather': [649, 669], 'automatic': [653], 'perception': [654], 'system;': [655], '(2)': [656, 708], 'identified': [658], 'necessary': [660], 'rules': [661], 'beforehand': [662], 'them': [665], 'system,': [668], 'having': [671], 'discover': [673], 'rules;': [675], '(3)': [677, 732], 'might': [680], 'capture': [682], 'techniques': [684], 'strategies': [686], 'younger': [689], 'students.': [690], 'addresses': [693], 'all': [694], 'three': [695], 'shortcomings.': [698], 'compute': [705], 'only': [711], 'general': [712], 'problems;': [718], 'does': [721], 'possess': [723], 'prior': [725], 'about': [727], 'particular': [728], 'rules.': [731], 'modeling': [735], 'less': [738], 'individuals;': [740]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2773526048', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T01:16:38.449761', 'created_date': '2017-12-22'}