Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2767466870', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2017.1400933', 'title': 'Soil fertility challenges and Biofertiliser as a viable alternative for increasing smallholder farmer crop productivity in sub-Saharan Africa', 'display_name': 'Soil fertility challenges and Biofertiliser as a viable alternative for increasing smallholder farmer crop productivity in sub-Saharan Africa', 'publication_year': 2017, 'publication_date': '2017-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2767466870', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2017.1400933', 'mag': '2767466870'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2017.1400933', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764637833', 'display_name': 'Cogent Food & Agriculture', 'issn_l': '2331-1932', 'issn': ['2331-1932'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311767', 'host_organization_name': 'Cogent OA', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311767'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cogent OA'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'doaj'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'diamond', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2017.1400933', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5056253961', 'display_name': 'Adekunle Raimi', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6437-6419'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165390105', 'display_name': 'University of South Africa', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/048cwvf49', 'country_code': 'ZA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165390105']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210128543', 'display_name': 'Institute for Soil, Climate and Water', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03k31z678', 'country_code': 'ZA', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210128543', 'https://openalex.org/I4210151505']}], 'countries': ['ZA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Adekunle Raimi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, UNISA, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa', 'Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Institute for Soil, Climate and Water- Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X79, Pretoria 0001, South Africa'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, UNISA, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165390105']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Institute for Soil, Climate and Water- Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X79, Pretoria 0001, South Africa', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210128543']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5000474587', 'display_name': 'Rasheed Adeleke', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8974-422X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165390105', 'display_name': 'University of South Africa', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/048cwvf49', 'country_code': 'ZA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165390105']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210128543', 'display_name': 'Institute for Soil, Climate and Water', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03k31z678', 'country_code': 'ZA', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210128543', 'https://openalex.org/I4210151505']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27765905', 'display_name': 'North-West University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/010f1sq29', 'country_code': 'ZA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27765905']}], 'countries': ['ZA'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Rasheed Adeleke', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, UNISA, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa', 'Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Institute for Soil, Climate and Water- Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X79, Pretoria 0001, South Africa', 'Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Environmental Science, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, UNISA, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165390105']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Institute for Soil, Climate and Water- Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X79, Pretoria 0001, South Africa', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210128543']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Unit for Environmental Science and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, South Africa', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27765905']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5074609164', 'display_name': 'Ashira Roopnarain', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8866-3049'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210128543', 'display_name': 'Institute for Soil, Climate and Water', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03k31z678', 'country_code': 'ZA', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210128543', 'https://openalex.org/I4210151505']}], 'countries': ['ZA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ashira Roopnarain', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Institute for Soil, Climate and Water- Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X79, Pretoria 0001, South Africa'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Institute for Soil, Climate and Water- Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X79, Pretoria 0001, South Africa', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210128543']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5000474587'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165390105', 'https://openalex.org/I4210128543', 'https://openalex.org/I27765905'], 'apc_list': {'value': 0, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 0, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 3.604, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 98, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.897665, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '3', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '1400933', 'last_page': '1400933'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11470', 'display_name': 'Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes', 'score': 0.991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1110', 'display_name': 'Plant Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11470', 'display_name': 'Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Legumes', 'score': 0.991, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1110', 'display_name': 'Plant Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10076', 'display_name': 'Mechanisms of Plant Immune Response', 'score': 0.9709, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1110', 'display_name': 'Plant Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12436', 'display_name': 'Intercropping in Agricultural Systems', 'score': 0.9671, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1102', 'display_name': 'Agronomy and Crop Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient-management', 'display_name': 'Nutrient management', 'score': 0.6100742}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-nutrient-management', 'display_name': 'Soil Nutrient Management', 'score': 0.513872}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/biofertilizer', 'display_name': 'Biofertilizer', 'score': 0.42187837}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105462344', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17142554', 'display_name': 'Nutrient management', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6100742}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38774213', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202080', 'display_name': 'Soil fertility', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5935085}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118518473', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451', 'display_name': 'Agriculture', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.53602093}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204983608', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958', 'display_name': 'Productivity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52162445}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C549605437', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911', 'display_name': 'Food security', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5108137}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.49120754}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54924851', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751054', 'display_name': 'Sustainable agriculture', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.48391658}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54286561', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350', 'display_name': 'Agroforestry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.44111997}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C128383755', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3816336', 'display_name': 'Agricultural productivity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4405962}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192039558', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3595890', 'display_name': 'Biofertilizer', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42187837}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121677567', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73425', 'display_name': 'Microbial inoculant', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4113434}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C150903083', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108', 'display_name': 'Biotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32981953}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C6557445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113', 'display_name': 'Agronomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32957333}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.29053462}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2077016}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159750122', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023', 'display_name': 'Soil water', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.16639754}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.15760171}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14049095}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50522688', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833', 'display_name': 'Economic growth', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08087978}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C523546767', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876', 'display_name': 'Bacteria', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2017.1400933', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764637833', 'display_name': 'Cogent Food & Agriculture', 'issn_l': '2331-1932', 'issn': ['2331-1932'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311767', 'host_organization_name': 'Cogent OA', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311767'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cogent OA'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/3217b0fc4fe344a7b1d29950c8467935', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2017.1400933', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764637833', 'display_name': 'Cogent Food & Agriculture', 'issn_l': '2331-1932', 'issn': ['2331-1932'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311767', 'host_organization_name': 'Cogent OA', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311767'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cogent OA'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.77, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2', 'display_name': 'Zero hunger'}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320320671', 'funder_display_name': 'National Research Foundation', 'award_id': '98692'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 208, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1003084444', 'https://openalex.org/W1175329598', 'https://openalex.org/W121089110', 'https://openalex.org/W127308094', 'https://openalex.org/W1480014569', 'https://openalex.org/W1486530715', 'https://openalex.org/W1488574179', 'https://openalex.org/W1503058777', 'https://openalex.org/W1517346276', 'https://openalex.org/W1531122541', 'https://openalex.org/W1531471983', 'https://openalex.org/W1531497037', 'https://openalex.org/W1547426075', 'https://openalex.org/W1557408998', 'https://openalex.org/W1566579185', 'https://openalex.org/W1566843105', 'https://openalex.org/W1567610943', 'https://openalex.org/W1575121933', 'https://openalex.org/W1578937848', 'https://openalex.org/W1581236442', 'https://openalex.org/W1588378613', 'https://openalex.org/W1595410689', 'https://openalex.org/W1596419495', 'https://openalex.org/W1674738063', 'https://openalex.org/W1677581900', 'https://openalex.org/W1762812582', 'https://openalex.org/W1819247667', 'https://openalex.org/W1827789367', 'https://openalex.org/W1855127131', 'https://openalex.org/W1857395885', 'https://openalex.org/W1874477313', 'https://openalex.org/W1919096978', 'https://openalex.org/W1922987484', 'https://openalex.org/W1933746968', 'https://openalex.org/W1937840208', 'https://openalex.org/W1952696967', 'https://openalex.org/W1969219147', 'https://openalex.org/W1971201707', 'https://openalex.org/W1971275899', 'https://openalex.org/W1975322220', 'https://openalex.org/W1979772920', 'https://openalex.org/W1980014716', 'https://openalex.org/W1984719313', 'https://openalex.org/W1986778589', 'https://openalex.org/W1988491595', 'https://openalex.org/W1993183530', 'https://openalex.org/W1994120903', 'https://openalex.org/W1994402503', 'https://openalex.org/W1997168617', 'https://openalex.org/W1999279064', 'https://openalex.org/W2001439405', 'https://openalex.org/W2003558534', 'https://openalex.org/W2004193373', 'https://openalex.org/W2006646880', 'https://openalex.org/W2012326071', 'https://openalex.org/W2013912771', 'https://openalex.org/W2015456973', 'https://openalex.org/W2016606855', 'https://openalex.org/W2019369625', 'https://openalex.org/W2019907020', 'https://openalex.org/W2021625495', 'https://openalex.org/W2021926291', 'https://openalex.org/W2023910516', 'https://openalex.org/W2029063023', 'https://openalex.org/W2032828601', 'https://openalex.org/W2033221700', 'https://openalex.org/W2033447743', 'https://openalex.org/W2037839591', 'https://openalex.org/W2042811984', 'https://openalex.org/W2044365530', 'https://openalex.org/W2048994834', 'https://openalex.org/W2049640286', 'https://openalex.org/W2049817803', 'https://openalex.org/W2055062647', 'https://openalex.org/W20551783', 'https://openalex.org/W2056895612', 'https://openalex.org/W2058863224', 'https://openalex.org/W2061731849', 'https://openalex.org/W2064383236', 'https://openalex.org/W2065882639', 'https://openalex.org/W2068249517', 'https://openalex.org/W2068470843', 'https://openalex.org/W2072953798', 'https://openalex.org/W2073499909', 'https://openalex.org/W2073878527', 'https://openalex.org/W2075306841', 'https://openalex.org/W2075627665', 'https://openalex.org/W2075676412', 'https://openalex.org/W2077174509', 'https://openalex.org/W2085545466', 'https://openalex.org/W2087384651', 'https://openalex.org/W2087465592', 'https://openalex.org/W2088185104', 'https://openalex.org/W2089774081', 'https://openalex.org/W2091254911', 'https://openalex.org/W2094101482', 'https://openalex.org/W2094239137', 'https://openalex.org/W2097499711', 'https://openalex.org/W2098571040', 'https://openalex.org/W2101399935', 'https://openalex.org/W2101796952', 'https://openalex.org/W2106609903', 'https://openalex.org/W2107532857', 'https://openalex.org/W2107642182', 'https://openalex.org/W2107907861', 'https://openalex.org/W2111924154', 'https://openalex.org/W2115181983', 'https://openalex.org/W2116693180', 'https://openalex.org/W2116925311', 'https://openalex.org/W2122266551', 'https://openalex.org/W2127509376', 'https://openalex.org/W2127687901', 'https://openalex.org/W2128946414', 'https://openalex.org/W2134985986', 'https://openalex.org/W2136483431', 'https://openalex.org/W2138171082', 'https://openalex.org/W2139520931', 'https://openalex.org/W2140869494', 'https://openalex.org/W2142976294', 'https://openalex.org/W2143211082', 'https://openalex.org/W2144013462', 'https://openalex.org/W2144317825', 'https://openalex.org/W2145161630', 'https://openalex.org/W2145615783', 'https://openalex.org/W2146687831', 'https://openalex.org/W2147897291', 'https://openalex.org/W2148333466', 'https://openalex.org/W2148832551', 'https://openalex.org/W2150029187', 'https://openalex.org/W2150204365', 'https://openalex.org/W2152856675', 'https://openalex.org/W2154815203', 'https://openalex.org/W2156063226', 'https://openalex.org/W2158087942', 'https://openalex.org/W2158144833', 'https://openalex.org/W2159279170', 'https://openalex.org/W2160392026', 'https://openalex.org/W2169768163', 'https://openalex.org/W2172933449', 'https://openalex.org/W2181018639', 'https://openalex.org/W2181222843', 'https://openalex.org/W2182683681', 'https://openalex.org/W2184001384', 'https://openalex.org/W2196498722', 'https://openalex.org/W2221008947', 'https://openalex.org/W2238872673', 'https://openalex.org/W2314790506', 'https://openalex.org/W2316785748', 'https://openalex.org/W2337891902', 'https://openalex.org/W2340027296', 'https://openalex.org/W2342623340', 'https://openalex.org/W2415003999', 'https://openalex.org/W2468002452', 'https://openalex.org/W2475980599', 'https://openalex.org/W2480446035', 'https://openalex.org/W2481249881', 'https://openalex.org/W2482091638', 'https://openalex.org/W2487695684', 'https://openalex.org/W2497286292', 'https://openalex.org/W2520294155', 'https://openalex.org/W2522423596', 'https://openalex.org/W2526581014', 'https://openalex.org/W2548527332', 'https://openalex.org/W2559480110', 'https://openalex.org/W2562540132', 'https://openalex.org/W2580185569', 'https://openalex.org/W2588704949', 'https://openalex.org/W2598757317', 'https://openalex.org/W2784094325', 'https://openalex.org/W281225500', 'https://openalex.org/W2908631100', 'https://openalex.org/W2916606941', 'https://openalex.org/W3011355902', 'https://openalex.org/W3044319386', 'https://openalex.org/W3111231408', 'https://openalex.org/W3117278427', 'https://openalex.org/W3121953665', 'https://openalex.org/W3123579508', 'https://openalex.org/W3123735547', 'https://openalex.org/W3124664439', 'https://openalex.org/W3189348979', 'https://openalex.org/W394007074', 'https://openalex.org/W4205450418', 'https://openalex.org/W4207062214', 'https://openalex.org/W4211194380', 'https://openalex.org/W422863750', 'https://openalex.org/W4229649797', 'https://openalex.org/W4230754838', 'https://openalex.org/W4231996830', 'https://openalex.org/W4232585528', 'https://openalex.org/W4233984914', 'https://openalex.org/W4234425115', 'https://openalex.org/W4236444742', 'https://openalex.org/W4245998235', 'https://openalex.org/W4246253833', 'https://openalex.org/W42489354', 'https://openalex.org/W4250883849', 'https://openalex.org/W4253250474', 'https://openalex.org/W4255791196', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W4298225230', 'https://openalex.org/W4300525879', 'https://openalex.org/W4385161748', 'https://openalex.org/W4388781515', 'https://openalex.org/W55224431', 'https://openalex.org/W560483619', 'https://openalex.org/W640187850', 'https://openalex.org/W811112942'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4323048497', 'https://openalex.org/W4296504824', 'https://openalex.org/W4292332483', 'https://openalex.org/W4206126664', 'https://openalex.org/W3084179411', 'https://openalex.org/W3008184463', 'https://openalex.org/W2387518663', 'https://openalex.org/W2380707415', 'https://openalex.org/W2284816604', 'https://openalex.org/W2149719132'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Low': [0], 'fertility': [1], 'and': [2, 33, 50, 89, 98, 111, 119, 129, 154, 163, 170, 174], 'inefficient': [3], 'management': [4, 27, 54, 148], 'of': [5, 74, 80, 131, 191], 'sub-Saharan': [6], 'African': [7], 'soils': [8], 'have': [9, 100], 'been': [10], 'the': [11, 64, 72, 179], 'major': [12, 24], 'challenges': [13], 'facing': [14], 'productivity': [15, 113, 153], 'among': [16, 178, 194], 'smallholder': [17, 37, 151, 195], 'farmers.': [18], 'Unfortunately,': [19], 'inorganic': [20], 'fertiliser': [21], 'used': [22], 'as': [23, 93, 143], 'soil': [25, 31], 'nutrient': [26, 53, 125, 147], 'is': [28, 61, 70, 165], 'unsustainable,': [29], 'causing': [30], 'degradation': [32], 'environmental': [34], 'pollution.': [35], 'Therefore,': [36], 'farmers': [38], 'may': [39], 'only': [40], 'realise': [41], 'their': [42, 58, 108], 'maximum': [43], 'potential': [44, 142], 'if': [45], 'a': [46], 'more': [47], 'sustainable,': [48], 'low-cost': [49], 'efficient': [51, 145, 183], 'integrated': [52, 146], 'system': [55], 'compatible': [56], 'with': [57], 'socioeconomic': [59], 'status': [60], 'practised.': [62], 'Currently,': [63], 'increasing': [65, 150, 160], 'demand': [66], 'for': [67, 168], 'sustainable': [68, 104], 'agriculture': [69, 105], 'driving': [71], 'use': [73, 102, 164], 'biological': [75, 122], 'fertilisers,': [76], 'which': [77], 'are': [78], 'composed': [79], 'beneficial': [81], 'microorganisms;': [82], 'ranging': [83], 'from': [84], 'bacteria': [85], 'to': [86, 107], 'blue-green': [87], 'algae': [88], 'fungi.': [90], 'Biofertilisers': [91], 'such': [92], 'Rhizobium,': [94], 'Azotobacter,': [95], 'Azospirillum,': [96], 'Pseudomonas': [97], 'Bacillus': [99], 'invaluable': [101], 'in': [103, 149], 'owing': [106], 'environmentally-friendliness,': [109], 'cost-effectiveness': [110], 'improved': [112], 'benefits.': [114], 'They': [115], 'improve': [116, 189], 'plant': [117, 132], 'nutrition': [118], 'yield': [120], 'through': [121], 'nitrogen': [123], 'fixation,': [124], 'solubilisation,': [126], 'biocontrol': [127], 'activities': [128], 'production': [130], 'growth': [133], 'promoting': [134], 'substances.': [135], 'This': [136], 'review': [137], 'specifically': [138], 'focuses': [139], 'on': [140], 'biofertiliser': [141, 161, 184], 'an': [144, 166], 'farmer': [152], 'profitability.': [155], 'It': [156], 'also': [157], 'suggests': [158], 'that': [159], 'awareness': [162], 'impetus': [167], 'maintaining': [169], 'improving': [171], 'ecological': [172], 'stability': [173], 'alleviating': [175], 'poverty,': [176], 'especially': [177], 'rural': [180], 'dwellers.': [181], 'Importantly,': [182], 'strategies': [185], 'by': [186], 'stakeholders': [187], 'will': [188], 'adoption': [190], 'this': [192], 'technology': [193], 'farmers.Subjects:': [196], 'Soil': [197], 'science;': [198], 'Microbiology;': [199], 'Biotechnology;': [200], 'Agricultural': [201], 'science': [202]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2767466870', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-14T20:08:26.659937', 'created_date': '2017-11-17'}