Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2763075888', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2017.1384714', 'title': 'Investigating design changes in Malaysian building projects', 'display_name': 'Investigating design changes in Malaysian building projects', 'publication_year': 2017, 'publication_date': '2017-10-05', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2763075888', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2017.1384714', 'mag': '2763075888'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2017.1384714', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S114114101', 'display_name': 'Architectural Engineering and Design Management', 'issn_l': '1745-2007', 'issn': ['1745-2007', '1752-7589'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5031659298', 'display_name': 'Jeffrey Boon Hui Yap', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4332-0031'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I33849332', 'display_name': 'University of Malaya', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rzspn62', 'country_code': 'MY', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I33849332']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I931681460', 'display_name': 'Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/050pq4m56', 'country_code': 'MY', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I931681460']}], 'countries': ['MY'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Jeffrey Boon Hui Yap', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Surveying, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kajang, Malaysia', 'Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, International University of Malaya-Wales, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, International University of Malaya-Wales, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I33849332']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Surveying, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kajang, Malaysia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I931681460']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5004114267', 'display_name': 'Martin Skitmore', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7135-1201'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I160993911', 'display_name': 'Queensland University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03pnv4752', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I160993911']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I116953780', 'display_name': 'Tongji University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rc6as71', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I116953780']}], 'countries': ['AU', 'CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Martin Skitmore', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Research Institute of Complex Engineering and Management School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China", 'School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Civil Engineering and the Built Environment, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I160993911']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': "Research Institute of Complex Engineering and Management School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I116953780']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 3, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5031659298'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I33849332', 'https://openalex.org/I931681460'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 4.613, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 86, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.914337, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '14', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '218', 'last_page': '238'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10395', 'display_name': 'Construction Project Management and Performance', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1803', 'display_name': 'Management Science and Operations Research'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/18', 'display_name': 'Decision Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10395', 'display_name': 'Construction Project Management and Performance', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1803', 'display_name': 'Management Science and Operations Research'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/18', 'display_name': 'Decision Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11006', 'display_name': 'BIM and Construction Integration', 'score': 0.9967, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2215', 'display_name': 'Building and Construction'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14058', 'display_name': 'Value Engineering and Management', 'score': 0.9921, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1408', 'display_name': 'Strategy and Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/scope', 'display_name': 'Scope (computer science)', 'score': 0.64965916}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/statement-of-work', 'display_name': 'Statement of work', 'score': 0.58252513}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/change-order', 'display_name': 'Change order', 'score': 0.56634223}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/questionnaire', 'display_name': 'Questionnaire', 'score': 0.45000318}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/constructability', 'display_name': 'Constructability', 'score': 0.4308918}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778012447', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415', 'display_name': 'Scope (computer science)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.64965916}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776640315', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7315941', 'display_name': 'Respondent', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.63062274}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780598303', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492', 'display_name': 'Flexibility (engineering)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5992378}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44497036', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815887', 'display_name': 'Statement of work', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.58252513}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18762648', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213', 'display_name': 'Work (physics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.57217425}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C158045935', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5071881', 'display_name': 'Change order', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.56634223}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C68387754', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585', 'display_name': 'Schedule', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.56469357}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.48803058}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775924081', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371', 'display_name': 'Control (management)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47795987}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C59364581', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747810', 'display_name': 'Questionnaire', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45000318}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C37736160', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315', 'display_name': 'Adversarial system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4333781}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C91649852', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164403', 'display_name': 'Constructability', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4308918}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71750763', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q646164', 'display_name': 'General partnership', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42780846}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C21547014', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657', 'display_name': 'Operations management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42702195}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.39685136}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C112930515', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547', 'display_name': 'Risk analysis (engineering)', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34262866}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15952604', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179012', 'display_name': 'Project management', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.26036063}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C58565012', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2112558', 'display_name': 'Project planning', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.23872918}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.15903658}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C10138342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015', 'display_name': 'Finance', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12869495}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.120325}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C36289849', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749', 'display_name': 'Social science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C201995342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496', 'display_name': 'Systems engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C56691978', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1545010', 'display_name': 'OPM3', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111919701', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135', 'display_name': 'Operating system', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187736073', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921', 'display_name': 'Management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78519656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333', 'display_name': 'Mechanical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2017.1384714', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S114114101', 'display_name': 'Architectural Engineering and Design Management', 'issn_l': '1745-2007', 'issn': ['1745-2007', '1752-7589'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320547', 'host_organization_name': 'Taylor & Francis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320547'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Taylor & Francis'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Industry, innovation and infrastructure', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9', 'score': 0.64}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320321001', 'funder_display_name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'award_id': '71390523,71501142'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 106, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W143448870', 'https://openalex.org/W1488288530', 'https://openalex.org/W1492127447', 'https://openalex.org/W1494416780', 'https://openalex.org/W1499945081', 'https://openalex.org/W1516534262', 'https://openalex.org/W1524924521', 'https://openalex.org/W1545460766', 'https://openalex.org/W1566241536', 'https://openalex.org/W187433909', 'https://openalex.org/W1893938325', 'https://openalex.org/W1966525278', 'https://openalex.org/W1966703140', 'https://openalex.org/W1966910859', 'https://openalex.org/W1973100957', 'https://openalex.org/W1973706554', 'https://openalex.org/W1975271010', 'https://openalex.org/W1976508356', 'https://openalex.org/W1983977282', 'https://openalex.org/W1984290783', 'https://openalex.org/W1987604705', 'https://openalex.org/W1987651867', 'https://openalex.org/W1988659993', 'https://openalex.org/W2000380427', 'https://openalex.org/W2000721674', 'https://openalex.org/W2001456105', 'https://openalex.org/W2001623026', 'https://openalex.org/W2005071274', 'https://openalex.org/W2008709479', 'https://openalex.org/W2009134715', 'https://openalex.org/W2011471634', 'https://openalex.org/W2012174067', 'https://openalex.org/W2013323185', 'https://openalex.org/W2013350904', 'https://openalex.org/W2013590380', 'https://openalex.org/W2014331535', 'https://openalex.org/W2016324626', 'https://openalex.org/W2017536488', 'https://openalex.org/W2021459020', 'https://openalex.org/W2022016651', 'https://openalex.org/W2025234707', 'https://openalex.org/W2026330195', 'https://openalex.org/W2026848850', 'https://openalex.org/W2041279780', 'https://openalex.org/W2044335696', 'https://openalex.org/W2045249324', 'https://openalex.org/W2046160396', 'https://openalex.org/W2048789755', 'https://openalex.org/W2049020541', 'https://openalex.org/W2057577661', 'https://openalex.org/W2058556832', 'https://openalex.org/W2067665204', 'https://openalex.org/W2073006065', 'https://openalex.org/W2076325701', 'https://openalex.org/W2077249062', 'https://openalex.org/W2081463366', 'https://openalex.org/W2083674894', 'https://openalex.org/W2085114513', 'https://openalex.org/W2087179244', 'https://openalex.org/W2088727732', 'https://openalex.org/W2089392386', 'https://openalex.org/W2096275307', 'https://openalex.org/W2098819826', 'https://openalex.org/W2104639276', 'https://openalex.org/W2116399486', 'https://openalex.org/W2126651007', 'https://openalex.org/W2127081806', 'https://openalex.org/W2129244345', 'https://openalex.org/W2131122772', 'https://openalex.org/W2136239331', 'https://openalex.org/W2140615548', 'https://openalex.org/W2142082070', 'https://openalex.org/W2142325887', 'https://openalex.org/W2148009295', 'https://openalex.org/W2155576734', 'https://openalex.org/W2166866184', 'https://openalex.org/W2169616795', 'https://openalex.org/W2169640473', 'https://openalex.org/W2183902513', 'https://openalex.org/W2221459287', 'https://openalex.org/W2288247073', 'https://openalex.org/W2335611227', 'https://openalex.org/W2343096879', 'https://openalex.org/W2345458209', 'https://openalex.org/W2346736910', 'https://openalex.org/W2525535796', 'https://openalex.org/W254669395', 'https://openalex.org/W2587885206', 'https://openalex.org/W2590148003', 'https://openalex.org/W2593749157', 'https://openalex.org/W2600362570', 'https://openalex.org/W2621915067', 'https://openalex.org/W2732502805', 'https://openalex.org/W2749019331', 'https://openalex.org/W2943974689', 'https://openalex.org/W3021948815', 'https://openalex.org/W3140760691', 'https://openalex.org/W4212913784', 'https://openalex.org/W4229789118', 'https://openalex.org/W4236777247', 'https://openalex.org/W4244134295', 'https://openalex.org/W4250812740', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W609493129', 'https://openalex.org/W783341876', 'https://openalex.org/W8235357'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3197769154', 'https://openalex.org/W3096476408', 'https://openalex.org/W3022026389', 'https://openalex.org/W3005351003', 'https://openalex.org/W2887324060', 'https://openalex.org/W2225059276', 'https://openalex.org/W2055296412', 'https://openalex.org/W1983839052', 'https://openalex.org/W1981278478', 'https://openalex.org/W1577989059'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 134, 178], 'complexity': [1], 'and': [2, 33, 45, 64, 108, 118, 125, 130, 168], 'uncertainties': [3], 'associated': [4], 'with': [5, 89, 93], 'construction': [6, 95], 'projects': [7, 139], 'mean': [8], 'that': [9, 137], 'contracts': [10], 'invariably': [11], 'provide': [12], 'sufficient': [13], 'flexibility': [14], 'for': [15], 'changes': [16, 63], 'in': [17, 42, 87, 140, 165], 'design': [18, 62, 149, 166, 196], 'as': [19], 'the': [20, 24, 58, 127, 173, 187, 191, 200, 204], 'work': [21], 'proceeds.': [22], 'However,': [23], 'concomitant': [25], 'effects': [26], 'of': [27, 61, 69, 75, 114, 145, 152, 159, 162, 184, 190, 195], 'this': [28, 53], 'arrangement': [29], 'often': [30], 'cause': [31], 'time': [32], 'cost': [34, 46], 'control': [35], 'to': [36, 56, 123, 148, 199], 'be': [37], 'adversely': [38], 'affected': [39], '–': [40], 'resulting': [41], 'schedule': [43], 'delays': [44], 'overruns.': [47], 'In': [48], 'seeking': [49], 'an': [50], 'improved': [51], 'understanding,': [52], 'study': [54], 'aimed': [55], 'identify': [57], 'specific': [59], 'causes': [60, 77, 129, 194], 'their': [65, 131], 'implications': [66], '–cost': [67], 'performance': [68], 'Malaysia-based': [70], 'building': [71, 138], 'projects.': [72], 'A': [73, 111], 'total': [74], '39': [76], 'were': [78], 'first': [79], 'identified': [80, 128], 'through': [81], 'a': [82], 'comprehensive': [83], 'literature': [84], 'review': [85], 'and,': [86], 'conjunction': [88], '12': [90], 'semi-structured': [91], 'interviews': [92], 'experienced': [94], 'industry': [96], 'practitioners,': [97], 'then': [98, 121], 'categorised': [99], 'into': [100], 'those': [101], 'originating': [102], 'from': [103], 'clients,': [104, 116], 'consultants,': [105, 157], 'contractors,': [106], 'site': [107], 'external': [109], 'sources.': [110], 'questionnaire': [112], 'survey': [113], '338': [115], 'consultants': [117], 'contractors': [119], 'was': [120], 'analysed': [122], 'infer': [124], 'rank': [126], 'overall': [132], 'effect.': [133], 'research': [135], 'reveals': [136, 181], 'Malaysia': [141], 'encounter': [142], 'time–cost': [143], 'overruns': [144], '5–20%': [146], 'due': [147], 'changes.': [150], 'Lack': [151], 'coordination': [153], 'among': [154], 'various': [155], 'professional': [156], 'change': [158], 'requirements/specification,': [160], 'addition/omission': [161], 'scope,': [163], 'erroneous/discrepancies': [164], 'documents': [167], 'unforeseen': [169], 'ground': [170], 'conditions': [171], 'are': [172], 'five': [174], 'most': [175, 192], 'significant': [176, 193], 'causes.': [177], 'analysis': [179], 'also': [180], 'considerable': [182], 'heterogeneity': [183], 'perceptions': [185], 'between': [186], 'respondent': [188], 'groups': [189], 'changes,': [197], 'attributed': [198], 'adversarial': [201], 'culture': [202], 'within': [203], 'industry.': [205]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2763075888', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-09T16:22:26.349996', 'created_date': '2017-10-20'}