Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2759532999', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.3590', 'title': 'Optimal compensation rule under provider adverse selection and moral hazard', 'display_name': 'Optimal compensation rule under provider adverse selection and moral hazard', 'publication_year': 2017, 'publication_date': '2017-09-29', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2759532999', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.3590', 'mag': '2759532999', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28960572'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.3590', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S145200904', 'display_name': 'Health Economics', 'issn_l': '1057-9230', 'issn': ['1057-9230', '1099-1050'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5003460413', 'display_name': 'Yaping Wu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9529-1211'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I206777745', 'display_name': 'Nanjing Audit University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04zj2bd87', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I206777745']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210156834', 'display_name': 'Institute of Economics', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04v31xa23', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I114218197', 'https://openalex.org/I4210156834']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yaping Wu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Economics and Finance, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Economics and Finance, Nanjing Audit University, Nanjing, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I206777745', 'https://openalex.org/I4210156834']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5004750275', 'display_name': 'Yijuan Chen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6163-7521'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I118347636', 'display_name': 'Australian National University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/019wvm592', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I118347636']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yijuan Chen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Research School of Economics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Research School of Economics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I118347636']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5053386647', 'display_name': 'Sanxi Li', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-1315'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I78988378', 'display_name': 'Renmin University of China', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/041pakw92', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I78988378']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Sanxi Li', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['School of Economics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of Economics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I78988378']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5053386647'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I78988378'], 'apc_list': {'value': 4700, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4700, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.894, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 6, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.895898, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 81, 'max': 82}, 'biblio': {'volume': '27', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '509', 'last_page': '524'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10391', 'display_name': 'Healthcare Policy and Management', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10391', 'display_name': 'Healthcare Policy and Management', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11590', 'display_name': 'Primary Care and Health Outcomes', 'score': 0.9894, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3600', 'display_name': 'General Health Professions'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/36', 'display_name': 'Health Professions'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10804', 'display_name': 'Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life', 'score': 0.9874, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-selection', 'display_name': 'Adverse selection', 'score': 0.914435}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/unobservable', 'display_name': 'Unobservable', 'score': 0.9037292}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-hazard', 'display_name': 'Moral hazard', 'score': 0.87862843}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/private-information-retrieval', 'display_name': 'Private information retrieval', 'score': 0.42019156}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C32252159', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380037', 'display_name': 'Adverse selection', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.914435}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780695315', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3799040', 'display_name': 'Unobservable', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9037292}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780202544', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44454', 'display_name': 'Moral hazard', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.87862843}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776196091', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035821', 'display_name': 'Capitation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8151219}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162118730', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453', 'display_name': 'Actuarial science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.6672622}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780023022', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171', 'display_name': 'Compensation (psychology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5763529}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145097563', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747', 'display_name': 'Payment', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5609179}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C116537', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973', 'display_name': 'Service provider', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5468993}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C148220186', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912', 'display_name': 'Outcome (game theory)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5142267}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.51207954}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C81917197', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760', 'display_name': 'Selection (genetic algorithm)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4263631}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99221444', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532069', 'display_name': 'Private information retrieval', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42019156}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C29122968', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816', 'display_name': 'Incentive', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.39960158}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780378061', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891', 'display_name': 'Service (business)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.34662035}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C112930515', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547', 'display_name': 'Risk analysis (engineering)', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33075592}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175444787', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072', 'display_name': 'Microeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.262339}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2566895}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.23518902}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38652104', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521', 'display_name': 'Computer security', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1733318}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C10138342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015', 'display_name': 'Finance', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12993559}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149782125', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039', 'display_name': 'Econometrics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12074533}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162853370', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809', 'display_name': 'Marketing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.10317832}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.09919691}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11171543', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630', 'display_name': 'Psychoanalysis', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D006282', 'descriptor_name': 'Health Personnel', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000191', 'qualifier_name': 'economics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006282', 'descriptor_name': 'Health Personnel', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000706', 'qualifier_name': 'statistics & numerical data', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018803', 'descriptor_name': 'Models, Economic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012052', 'descriptor_name': 'Reimbursement, Incentive', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000706', 'qualifier_name': 'statistics & numerical data', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012052', 'descriptor_name': 'Reimbursement, Incentive', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000191', 'qualifier_name': 'economics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018588', 'descriptor_name': 'Fee-for-Service Plans', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000706', 'qualifier_name': 'statistics & numerical data', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018588', 'descriptor_name': 'Fee-for-Service Plans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006282', 'descriptor_name': 'Health Personnel', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D028681', 'descriptor_name': 'Moral Obligations', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012051', 'descriptor_name': 'Reimbursement Mechanisms', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000706', 'qualifier_name': 'statistics & numerical data', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012051', 'descriptor_name': 'Reimbursement Mechanisms', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012052', 'descriptor_name': 'Reimbursement, Incentive', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.3590', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S145200904', 'display_name': 'Health Economics', 'issn_l': '1057-9230', 'issn': ['1057-9230', '1099-1050'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28960572', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions', 'score': 0.5, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16'}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320321001', 'funder_display_name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'award_id': '71703075'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 35, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1505458884', 'https://openalex.org/W1526197196', 'https://openalex.org/W1526266515', 'https://openalex.org/W1550562788', 'https://openalex.org/W1568792779', 'https://openalex.org/W1577156806', 'https://openalex.org/W1607178518', 'https://openalex.org/W1973465190', 'https://openalex.org/W1983189449', 'https://openalex.org/W1984394638', 'https://openalex.org/W2004545573', 'https://openalex.org/W2010428885', 'https://openalex.org/W2038963834', 'https://openalex.org/W2046454706', 'https://openalex.org/W2061427260', 'https://openalex.org/W2061881214', 'https://openalex.org/W207647847', 'https://openalex.org/W2076784147', 'https://openalex.org/W2079957928', 'https://openalex.org/W2102881432', 'https://openalex.org/W2145865865', 'https://openalex.org/W2147278459', 'https://openalex.org/W2149902237', 'https://openalex.org/W2151799581', 'https://openalex.org/W2151803228', 'https://openalex.org/W2152021664', 'https://openalex.org/W2155300024', 'https://openalex.org/W2168870055', 'https://openalex.org/W2657013669', 'https://openalex.org/W3012634558', 'https://openalex.org/W3093685799', 'https://openalex.org/W3121973798', 'https://openalex.org/W3123217284', 'https://openalex.org/W346162639', 'https://openalex.org/W4239041053'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3142164041', 'https://openalex.org/W3125216890', 'https://openalex.org/W3121848669', 'https://openalex.org/W3121399821', 'https://openalex.org/W2811046036', 'https://openalex.org/W2404025541', 'https://openalex.org/W2368468446', 'https://openalex.org/W2163031017', 'https://openalex.org/W2041214716', 'https://openalex.org/W2011966720'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Summary': [0], 'Although': [1], 'healthcare': [2], 'provider': [3, 25, 44, 62], 'payments': [4], 'have': [5], 'been': [6], 'studied': [7], 'extensively': [8], 'in': [9, 21], 'the': [10, 16, 29, 50, 53, 69], 'literature,': [11], 'little': [12], 'is': [13, 33, 46], 'known': [14], 'about': [15], 'optimal': [17, 54], 'compensation': [18, 55, 77], 'rule': [19, 56, 78], 'when,': [20], 'addition': [22], 'to': [23, 48], 'unobservable': [24], 'effort': [26, 45], '(moral': [27], 'hazard),': [28], "provider's": [30], 'ability': [31], 'type': [32], 'also': [34], 'private': [35], 'information': [36], '(adverse': [37], 'selection).': [38], 'We': [39], 'find': [40], 'that': [41], 'when': [42], 'only': [43], 'unobservable,': [47], 'induce': [49], 'first‐best': [51, 70], 'outcome': [52, 71], 'requires': [57], 'zero': [58], 'fee‐for‐service.': [59], 'When': [60], 'both': [61], 'moral': [63], 'hazard': [64], 'and': [65, 85], 'adverse': [66], 'selection': [67], 'exist,': [68], 'will': [72], 'be': [73], 'infeasible.': [74], 'The': [75], 'second‐best': [76], 'entails': [79], 'combined': [80], 'use': [81], 'of': [82], 'capitation,': [83], 'fee‐for‐service,': [84], 'pay‐for‐performance.': [86]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2759532999', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-15T06:18:47.916122', 'created_date': '2017-10-06'}