Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2749169548', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2017.48', 'title': 'Lowland forest collapse and early human impacts at the end of the African Humid Period at Lake Edward, equatorial East Africa', 'display_name': 'Lowland forest collapse and early human impacts at the end of the African Humid Period at Lake Edward, equatorial East Africa', 'publication_year': 2017, 'publication_date': '2017-08-24', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2749169548', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2017.48', 'mag': '2749169548'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2017.48', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S202995604', 'display_name': 'Quaternary Research', 'issn_l': '0033-5894', 'issn': ['0033-5894', '1096-0287'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5074138861', 'display_name': 'Sarah Ivory', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4709-4406'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I143302722', 'display_name': 'University of Kentucky', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02k3smh20', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I143302722']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27804330', 'display_name': 'Brown University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05gq02987', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27804330']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I196272386', 'display_name': 'Providence College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rxpqe74', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I196272386']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Sarah J. Ivory', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA', 'Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I143302722']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27804330', 'https://openalex.org/I196272386']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5042048161', 'display_name': 'James M. Russell', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27804330', 'display_name': 'Brown University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05gq02987', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27804330']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I196272386', 'display_name': 'Providence College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rxpqe74', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I196272386']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'James Russell', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Earth, Environmental, and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27804330', 'https://openalex.org/I196272386']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5074138861'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I143302722', 'https://openalex.org/I27804330', 'https://openalex.org/I196272386'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.72, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 32, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.840385, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 93, 'max': 94}, 'biblio': {'volume': '89', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '7', 'last_page': '20'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10017', 'display_name': 'Geology and Paleoclimatology Research', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10017', 'display_name': 'Geology and Paleoclimatology Research', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10421', 'display_name': 'Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology', 'score': 0.998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3314', 'display_name': 'Anthropology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12630', 'display_name': 'African Botany and Ecology Studies', 'score': 0.9831, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1107', 'display_name': 'Forestry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/aridification', 'display_name': 'Aridification', 'score': 0.9125223}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/paleoecology', 'display_name': 'Paleoecology', 'score': 0.4592656}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181060458', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4790326', 'display_name': 'Aridification', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9125223}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C140345934', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25445', 'display_name': 'Holocene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.86475027}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203174812', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241565', 'display_name': 'Woodland', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7536236}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776133958', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366', 'display_name': 'Vegetation (pathology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.623502}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C132651083', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942', 'display_name': 'Climate change', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5605656}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777601987', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283581', 'display_name': 'Disturbance (geology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46854934}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110872660', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813', 'display_name': 'Ecosystem', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46498272}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177882397', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337995', 'display_name': 'Paleoecology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4592656}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781291010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580', 'display_name': 'Period (music)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.45366105}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C100970517', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107', 'display_name': 'Physical geography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.44378874}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33283694', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131316', 'display_name': 'Deciduous', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42637336}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.38833237}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3821052}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C18903297', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150', 'display_name': 'Ecology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35055012}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166957645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498', 'display_name': 'Archaeology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.19788912}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111368507', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518', 'display_name': 'Oceanography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.100669205}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.09604213}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24890656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811', 'display_name': 'Acoustics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2017.48', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S202995604', 'display_name': 'Quaternary Research', 'issn_l': '0033-5894', 'issn': ['0033-5894', '1096-0287'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'host_organization_name': 'Cambridge University Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311721', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311702'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cambridge University Press', 'University of Cambridge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13', 'score': 0.49, 'display_name': 'Climate action'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 74, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1519749989', 'https://openalex.org/W1607700841', 'https://openalex.org/W1964815755', 'https://openalex.org/W1966649835', 'https://openalex.org/W1967314489', 'https://openalex.org/W1968559982', 'https://openalex.org/W1973986105', 'https://openalex.org/W1975246171', 'https://openalex.org/W1978352024', 'https://openalex.org/W1981958180', 'https://openalex.org/W1984461354', 'https://openalex.org/W1989283595', 'https://openalex.org/W1990506236', 'https://openalex.org/W2005885981', 'https://openalex.org/W2014574812', 'https://openalex.org/W2019903589', 'https://openalex.org/W2022831871', 'https://openalex.org/W2023847064', 'https://openalex.org/W2025747134', 'https://openalex.org/W2026192858', 'https://openalex.org/W2026598082', 'https://openalex.org/W2028449747', 'https://openalex.org/W2029420669', 'https://openalex.org/W2031292848', 'https://openalex.org/W2034242560', 'https://openalex.org/W2035432164', 'https://openalex.org/W2047296893', 'https://openalex.org/W2047666400', 'https://openalex.org/W2051795880', 'https://openalex.org/W2057268375', 'https://openalex.org/W2062325283', 'https://openalex.org/W2063850785', 'https://openalex.org/W2064530507', 'https://openalex.org/W2066739634', 'https://openalex.org/W2066966877', 'https://openalex.org/W2068656127', 'https://openalex.org/W2070655631', 'https://openalex.org/W2070830871', 'https://openalex.org/W2075097177', 'https://openalex.org/W2075241491', 'https://openalex.org/W2083879582', 'https://openalex.org/W2093425893', 'https://openalex.org/W2102724314', 'https://openalex.org/W2103948957', 'https://openalex.org/W2104503488', 'https://openalex.org/W2104726381', 'https://openalex.org/W2104968988', 'https://openalex.org/W2106014472', 'https://openalex.org/W2108197303', 'https://openalex.org/W2112729639', 'https://openalex.org/W2121829211', 'https://openalex.org/W2131615421', 'https://openalex.org/W2135168858', 'https://openalex.org/W2141459972', 'https://openalex.org/W2142003303', 'https://openalex.org/W2146687568', 'https://openalex.org/W2151523830', 'https://openalex.org/W2156169926', 'https://openalex.org/W2157866652', 'https://openalex.org/W2158501276', 'https://openalex.org/W2168399362', 'https://openalex.org/W2182081454', 'https://openalex.org/W2282065026', 'https://openalex.org/W2301249138', 'https://openalex.org/W2402056275', 'https://openalex.org/W2506053247', 'https://openalex.org/W2580570762', 'https://openalex.org/W2600090863', 'https://openalex.org/W2802311255', 'https://openalex.org/W3135382233', 'https://openalex.org/W4246027503', 'https://openalex.org/W4249751050', 'https://openalex.org/W4251280805', 'https://openalex.org/W789908574'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W597661690', 'https://openalex.org/W4388888820', 'https://openalex.org/W4387339494', 'https://openalex.org/W4210261339', 'https://openalex.org/W3043441949', 'https://openalex.org/W2809037834', 'https://openalex.org/W2792652413', 'https://openalex.org/W2472477839', 'https://openalex.org/W2129949780', 'https://openalex.org/W1990534911'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'In': [1], 'Africa,': [2], 'the': [3, 60, 67, 101, 110, 114, 131, 173, 181, 195], 'early': [4, 111, 205], 'Holocene': [5, 37, 187], 'was': [6, 141], 'characterized': [7], 'by': [8, 15, 148], 'wetter,': [9], 'warmer': [10], 'conditions': [11], 'than': [12], 'today,': [13], 'followed': [14], 'rapid': [16], 'aridification': [17, 140], 'at': [18, 158], '~5.2': [19, 128], 'ka.': [20], 'However,': [21], 'a': [22, 30, 190], 'lack': [23], 'of': [24, 33, 62, 69, 116, 175], 'lowland': [25, 70], 'vegetation': [26, 43, 193], 'records': [27], 'has': [28], 'prevented': [29], 'detailed': [31], 'evaluation': [32], 'forest': [34, 122, 144, 162], 'response': [35, 138], 'to': [36, 47, 76, 139, 204], 'climate': [38, 132, 188], 'change.': [39, 82], 'Additionally,': [40], 'although': [41], 'modern': [42, 63, 182, 196], 'communities': [44], 'are': [45], 'linked': [46, 203], 'human': [48, 56, 206], 'disturbance,': [49], 'few': [50], 'studies': [51], 'have': [52], 'addressed': [53], 'how': [54], 'prehistoric': [55], 'activities': [57], 'helped': [58], 'engineer': [59], 'character': [61], 'African': [64], 'ecosystems.': [65], 'Understanding': [66], 'architecture': [68, 198], 'and': [71, 103, 118, 169], 'highland': [72], 'forests': [73, 99, 125], 'is': [74, 202], 'important': [75], 'prevent': [77], 'further': [78], 'degradation': [79], 'from': [80, 91], 'climate/land-use': [81], 'We': [83, 95], 'present': [84], 'an': [85, 155], '11,000': [86], 'yr': [87], 'fossil': [88], 'pollen': [89], 'record': [90], 'Lake': [92], 'Edward,': [93], 'Uganda.': [94], 'show': [96], 'that': [97, 172], 'Guineo-Congolian': [98], 'dominated': [100, 152], 'highlands': [102], 'lowlands': [104], 'in': [105, 109, 120, 180, 192, 199], 'equatorial': [106], 'East': [107, 200], 'Africa': [108, 201], 'Holocene,': [112], 'highlighting': [113], 'importance': [115], 'rainfall': [117], 'temperature': [119], 'controlling': [121], 'communities.': [123], 'These': [124], 'remained': [126], 'until': [127, 153], 'ka,': [129], 'when': [130], 'became': [133], 'drier.': [134], 'The': [135], 'lacustrine': [136], 'ecosystem': [137, 197], 'abrupt;': [142], 'however,': [143, 161], 'decreased': [145], 'gradually,': [146], 'replaced': [147], 'deciduous': [149], 'woodlands.': [150], 'Woodlands': [151], 'after': [154], 'arid': [156], 'period': [157], '2': [159], 'ka;': [160], 'did': [163], 'not': [164], 'recover.': [165], 'Increased': [166], 'disturbance': [167], 'indicators': [168], 'grasses': [170], 'suggest': [171], 'arrival': [174], 'Iron': [176], 'Age': [177], 'people': [178], 'resulted': [179], 'fire-tolerant': [183], 'vegetation.': [184], 'Although': [185], 'late': [186], 'played': [189], 'role': [191], 'opening,': [194], 'activities.': [207]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2749169548', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-24T09:34:27.085339', 'created_date': '2017-08-31'}