Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2747200842', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3033596', 'title': 'Income and Wealth Inequality in America, 1949-2016', 'display_name': 'Income and Wealth Inequality in America, 1949-2016', 'publication_year': 2018, 'publication_date': '2018-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2747200842', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3033596', 'mag': '2747200842'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3033596', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210172589', 'display_name': 'SSRN Electronic Journal', 'issn_l': '1556-5068', 'issn': ['1556-5068'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1318003438', 'host_organization_name': 'RELX Group (Netherlands)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1318003438'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['RELX Group (Netherlands)'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/171072/1/cesifo1_wp6608.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5069371862', 'display_name': 'Moritz Kuhn', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8850-8487'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I135140700', 'display_name': 'University of Bonn', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/041nas322', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I135140700']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Moritz Kuhn', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Bonn'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Bonn', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I135140700']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5073446068', 'display_name': 'Moritz Schularick', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I135140700', 'display_name': 'University of Bonn', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/041nas322', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I135140700']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210140326', 'display_name': 'Centre for Economic Policy Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04jzmdh37', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210140326']}], 'countries': ['DE', 'GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Moritz Schularick', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)', 'University of Bonn - Department of Economics'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Bonn - Department of Economics', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I135140700']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210140326']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5024032159', 'display_name': 'Ulrike Steins', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I135140700', 'display_name': 'University of Bonn', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/041nas322', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I135140700']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ulrike Steins', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Bonn'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Bonn', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I135140700']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5069371862'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I135140700'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 5.735, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 18, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.922476, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 90, 'max': 91}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11742', 'display_name': 'Economic Theory and Policy', 'score': 0.444, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2000', 'display_name': 'General Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11742', 'display_name': 'Economic Theory and Policy', 'score': 0.444, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2000', 'display_name': 'General Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10443', 'display_name': 'Social Policy and Reform Studies', 'score': 0.4345, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11817', 'display_name': 'Housing, Finance, and Neoliberalism', 'score': 0.4252, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2003', 'display_name': 'Finance'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C45555294', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351', 'display_name': 'Inequality', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.69204044}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C513380476', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020', 'display_name': 'Economic inequality', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.59600794}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C132000672', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6158427', 'display_name': 'Income inequality metrics', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5628287}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.54050773}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4249254', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431', 'display_name': 'Demographic economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3838876}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C47768531', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188', 'display_name': 'Development economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3723434}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145236788', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161', 'display_name': 'Labour economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34133717}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.111958}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134306372', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754', 'display_name': 'Mathematical analysis', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3033596', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210172589', 'display_name': 'SSRN Electronic Journal', 'issn_l': '1556-5068', 'issn': ['1556-5068'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1318003438', 'host_organization_name': 'RELX Group (Netherlands)', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1318003438'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['RELX Group (Netherlands)'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://hdl.handle.net/10419/171072', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/171072/1/cesifo1_wp6608.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401696', 'display_name': 'Econstor (Econstor)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://minneapolisfed.org/institute/working-papers-institute/iwp9.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://minneapolisfed.org/institute/working-papers-institute/iwp9.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401271', 'display_name': 'RePEc: Research Papers in Economics', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I77793887', 'host_organization_name': 'Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I77793887'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.cesifo.org/DocDL/cesifo1_wp6608.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.cesifo.org/DocDL/cesifo1_wp6608.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401271', 'display_name': 'RePEc: Research Papers in Economics', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I77793887', 'host_organization_name': 'Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I77793887'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://hdl.handle.net/10419/171072', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/171072/1/cesifo1_wp6608.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401696', 'display_name': 'Econstor (Econstor)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.76, 'display_name': 'No poverty', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W646050805', 'https://openalex.org/W4285543339', 'https://openalex.org/W4246221428', 'https://openalex.org/W3121879630', 'https://openalex.org/W3085236698', 'https://openalex.org/W2898885011', 'https://openalex.org/W2562904767', 'https://openalex.org/W2510564233', 'https://openalex.org/W2280448192', 'https://openalex.org/W1550364616'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'This': [0, 144], 'paper': [1], 'introduces': [2], 'a': [3], 'new': [4], 'long-run': [5], 'dataset': [6], 'based': [7], 'on': [8], 'archival': [9], 'data': [10, 22, 172], 'from': [11], 'historical': [12, 171], 'waves': [13], 'of': [14, 17, 30, 42, 65, 96, 136, 141, 202], 'the': [15, 27, 39, 57, 61, 71, 91, 94, 97, 134, 139, 142, 147, 151, 162, 193, 214], 'Survey': [16], 'Consumer': [18], 'Finances.': [19], 'The': [20, 170], 'household-level': [21], 'allow': [23], 'us': [24], 'to': [25, 112, 122, 200], 'study': [26], 'joint': [28], 'distributions': [29], 'household': [31, 66, 216], 'income': [32, 163, 183], 'and': [33, 45, 63, 93, 106, 120, 150, 160, 164, 184, 189, 197], 'wealth': [34, 49, 58, 72, 114, 124, 135, 155, 165, 185, 208], 'since': [35], '1949.': [36], 'We': [37], 'expose': [38], 'central': [40], 'importance': [41], 'portfolio': [43], 'composition': [44, 62], 'asset': [46], 'prices': [47, 55], 'for': [48, 116], 'dynamics': [50, 156], 'in': [51, 104, 157, 181, 210, 218], 'postwar': [52, 158], 'America.': [53], 'Asset': [54], 'shift': [56], 'distribution': [59, 98, 166], 'because': [60], 'leverage': [64], 'portfolios': [67, 75], 'differ': [68], 'systematically': [69], 'along': [70], 'distribution.': [73, 143], 'Middle-class': [74], 'are': [76, 99], 'dominated': [77], 'by': [78, 102], 'housing,': [79], 'while': [80], 'rich': [81], 'households': [82, 119, 137, 191, 205], 'predominantly': [83], 'own': [84], 'equity.': [85], 'An': [86], 'important': [87], 'consequence': [88], 'is': [89], 'that': [90, 175, 198], 'top': [92, 140], 'middle': [95], 'affected': [100], 'differentially': [101], 'changes': [103], 'equity': [105, 148], 'house': [107], 'prices.': [108], 'Housing': [109], 'booms': [110, 131], 'lead': [111], 'substantial': [113], 'gains': [115], 'leveraged': [117], 'middle-class': [118], 'tend': [121], 'decrease': [123], 'inequality,': [125], 'all': [126, 203], 'else': [127], 'equal.': [128], 'Stock': [129], 'market': [130, 149, 153], 'primarily': [132], 'boost': [133], 'at': [138], 'race': [145], 'between': [146, 187], 'housing': [152], 'shaped': [154], 'America': [159], 'decoupled': [161], 'over': [167, 192], 'extended': [168], 'periods.': [169], 'also': [173], 'reveal': [174], 'no': [176], 'progress': [177], 'has': [178], 'been': [179], 'made': [180], 'reducing': [182], 'inequalities': [186], 'black': [188], 'white': [190], 'past': [194], '70': [195], 'years,': [196], 'close': [199], 'half': [201], 'American': [204], 'have': [206], 'less': [207], 'today': [209], 'real': [211], 'terms': [212], 'than': [213], 'median': [215], 'had': [217], '1970.': [219]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2747200842', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-18T02:43:00.567819', 'created_date': '2017-08-31'}