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7, 18, 41, 65, 79, 96, 124, 139, 173, 276, 308, 322, 327, 331, 343, 394, 414, 424, 452, 455, 482, 488, 499, 502, 518, 524, 528, 536, 547, 554, 571, 586, 608, 616, 621, 657, 667, 724, 744, 762, 774, 810, 815, 826, 834, 850, 866, 891, 916, 928, 947, 951, 970, 977, 989, 1011, 1031], 'the': [4, 16, 42, 62, 66, 80, 94, 107, 119, 136, 170, 272, 293, 297, 306, 309, 319, 328, 338, 344, 360, 392, 395, 412, 421, 430, 444, 450, 500, 516, 525, 552, 572, 584, 590, 605, 613, 637, 641, 648, 658, 741, 748, 760, 772, 823, 827, 835, 873, 892, 910, 926, 948, 968, 971, 990, 1005, 1022, 1025], 'pre-industrial': [5], 'cover': [6], 'tropical': [8, 63, 82, 87, 97, 125, 145, 174, 208, 529, 537, 869, 956, 975], 'forest': [9, 53, 150, 175, 316, 332, 382, 492, 538, 587, 653, 675, 745, 794, 842, 845, 899, 957, 987, 1015, 1032], 'has': [10, 713, 922], 'been': [11, 923], 'lost.': [12], 'Tropical': [13], 'forests': [14, 36, 98, 209, 342, 976], 'are': [15, 37, 45, 162, 177, 646, 670, 685, 860, 909, 993], 'pinnacle': [17], 'terrestrial': [19], 'diversity,': [20], 'and': [21, 89, 121, 155, 158, 161, 203, 226, 256, 258, 302, 318, 340, 354, 365, 368, 380, 406, 411, 427, 434, 505, 540, 566, 604, 639, 655, 679, 704, 706, 717, 726, 747, 844, 863, 905, 999, 1014, 1029], 'thus': [22, 163], 'their': [23, 128, 188, 230, 303, 366, 563], 'destruction': [24], 'threatens': [25, 114], 'global': [26, 111], 'biodiversity': [27, 166, 214], 'more': [28, 788], 'any': [30], 'other': [31, 204, 325], 'contemporary': [32], 'human': [33], 'practice.': [34], 'As': [35, 484, 612, 847], 'cleared,': [38], 'isolated': [39], 'fragments': [40, 72, 100, 151, 176, 221, 383, 493, 560, 588, 746, 969], 'original': [43], 'vegetation': [44], 'left,': [46], 'surrounded': [47], 'by': [48, 595, 936], 'new': [49, 757, 1019], 'habitat': [50], 'types.': [51], 'This': [52, 334, 599, 796, 980], 'fragmentation': [54, 104, 134, 317, 703, 712], 'is': [55, 210, 696, 738, 854], 'occurring': [56, 477, 770], 'on': [57, 324, 515, 520, 556, 583, 632, 840, 964, 1007], 'an': [58, 486, 913], 'immense': [59], 'scale': [60], 'throughout': [61, 640], 'regions': [64, 669], 'world,': [67], 'with': [68, 201, 236, 473, 581, 672, 766, 884, 995], 'estimates': [69], 'suggesting': [70], 'that': [71, 142, 268, 420, 570, 577, 858], 'now': [73], 'comprise': [74, 532], 'as': [75, 77, 86, 116, 222, 687], 'much': [76], '46%': [78], 'remaining': [81], 'forested': [83], 'area.': [84], 'Furthermore,': [85], 'deforestation': [88], 'land-use': [90], 'conversion': [91], 'continue': [92], 'unabated': [93], 'proportion': [95], 'in': [99, 271, 428, 432, 446, 727, 731, 792, 941], 'will': [101, 982], 'increase.\r\n\r\nAfter': [102], 'deforestation,': [103], 'likely': [105], 'poses': [106], 'biggest': [108], 'threat': [109], 'to': [110, 130, 178, 245, 251, 283, 315, 350, 377, 400, 443, 462, 569, 702, 733, 740, 777, 786, 886, 896, 955, 985], 'diversity.': [112], 'Fragmentation': [113, 402], 'diversity': [115, 219, 539, 607], 'it': [117, 695, 853], 'alters': [118], 'environmental': [120, 367, 707], 'ecological': [122, 140, 190, 294, 320, 369, 693, 705, 949], 'characteristics': [123], 'forests,': [126], 'degrading': [127], 'ability': [129, 782], 'support': [131], 'biodiversity.': [132], 'Moreover,': [133, 925], 'degrades': [135], 'complex': [137], 'system': [138], 'interactions': [141, 191, 410, 634], 'occur': [143, 495], 'within': [144, 206, 220, 337, 381, 438, 478, 559, 636, 691, 920, 967], 'forests.': [146, 530, 1001], 'Yet,': [147, 664], 'despite': [148], 'this,': [149], 'preserve': [152], 'many': [153, 668, 1008], 'rare': [154], 'endangered': [156], 'species': [157, 279, 666], 'threatened': [159, 671], 'ecosystems': [160], 'valuable': [164], 'for': [165, 212, 238, 543, 589, 801, 813, 872, 894, 933], 'conservation.': [167, 215], 'However,': [168, 449], 'if': [169], 'conservation': [171], 'values': [172], 'be': [179, 185, 193, 983], 'maximized': [180], 'they': [181, 223, 610, 699, 961], 'must': [182, 192], 'not': [183, 458], 'only': [184, 459], 'retained': [186], 'but': [187, 465], 'internal': [189], 'effectively': [194], 'managed.\r\n\r\nDetermining': [195], 'how': [196, 711], 'lianas': [197, 263, 301, 323, 475, 519, 555, 578, 622, 688, 775, 838, 851, 859, 885, 895, 952], '(woody': [198], 'vines)': [199], 'interact': [200], 'trees': [202, 228, 456, 1028], 'flora': [205], 'fragmented': [207, 341, 376], 'important': [211, 651], 'effective': [213, 497], 'Lianas': [216], 'threaten': [217], 'tree': [218, 247, 254, 260, 278, 286, 304, 355, 409, 790], 'can': [224, 242, 264, 269], 'proliferate': [225], 'infest': [227, 787], 'causing': [229], 'host': [231], 'structural': [232, 591], 'stress': [233], 'whilst': [234, 818], 'competing': [235], 'them': [237, 785], 'resources.': [239], 'Liana': [240], 'infestation': [241, 356, 454], 'also': [243, 390, 466, 755], 'lead': [244], 'decreased': [246, 253, 750], 'seedling': [248], 'recruitment,': [249], 'damage': [250], 'saplings,': [252], 'growth': [255], 'fecundity,': [257], 'increased': [259, 403, 422, 742], 'mortality.': [261], 'Consequently,': [262, 871], 'have': [265, 839], 'fragment-wide': [266], 'impacts': [267, 321, 490], 'result': [270], 'decline': [273], 'or': [274, 280], 'extirpation': [275], 'vulnerable': [277], 'guilds': [281], 'leading': [282], 'a': [284, 372, 533, 544, 721, 799, 861, 867, 888], 'depauperate': [285], 'community.': [287, 663], 'Within': [288, 386], 'this': [289, 736, 942], 'thesis': [290, 943], 'I': [291, 358, 389, 418, 561, 575, 709, 719, 876, 904], 'examined': [292, 359, 391, 710], 'mechanisms': [295], 'underlying': [296], 'detrimental': [298], 'interaction': [299], 'between': [300, 362], 'hosts,': [305], 'drivers': [307, 370], 'positive': [310], 'liana': [311, 352, 396, 404, 415, 447, 453, 463, 467, 489, 507, 820, 828, 918, 965, 1012], '(sensu': [312, 689, 953], 'lato)': [313, 690, 954], 'response': [314, 393, 732], 'members': [326], 'vegetative': [329, 526], 'community': [330, 527, 546], 'fragments.': [333, 483, 795, 1033], 'study': [335, 615], 'occurred': [336], 'intact': [339, 378], 'Atherton': [345], 'Tableland,': [346], 'northeastern': [347, 978], 'Queensland,': [348], 'Australia.\r\n\r\nFirst,': [349], 'assess': [351, 551], 'abundance': [353, 405, 464, 716], 'rates': [357], 'relationship': [361, 1023], 'these': [363, 387, 929, 997], 'parameters': [364], 'at': [371, 470, 771], 'landscape': [373, 677, 692], 'level': [374], '(comparing': [375], 'forest)': [379], '(23-58': [384], 'ha).': [385], 'sites,': [388], 'climbing': [397, 416, 435, 661, 763], 'guild': [398], 'composition': [399, 413], 'fragmentation.': [401, 734, 958], 'altered': [407], 'liana-host': [408], 'guilds.': [417], 'found': [419, 576, 720], 'disturbance': [423, 501, 743], 'fragment': [425, 503], 'edges': [426, 504, 585], 'particular': [429, 728], 'increase': [431, 445], 'light': [433], 'trellis': [436], 'availability': [437], 'fragments,': [439], 'was': [440, 457], 'significantly': [441], 'related': [442, 461], 'abundance.': [448], 'rate': [451], 'positively': [460], 'size': [468], '(diameter': [469], 'breast': [471], 'height),': [472], 'large': [474, 506], 'predominantly': [476], 'less': [479], 'disturbed': [480], 'areas': [481], 'such,': [485], 'alleviation': [487], 'upon': [491], 'could': [494, 806], 'through': [496, 674], 'management': [498, 508, 821], '(i.e.': [509], 'cutting).\r\n\r\nSecond,': [510], 'very': [511], 'little': [512], 'research': [513, 631, 803], 'exists': [514], 'impact': [517, 553, 837], 'non-tree': [521], 'life': [522, 597], 'forms': [523], 'Epiphytes': [531], 'significant': [534], 'component': [535, 865], 'provide': [541, 756, 887, 962], 'resources': [542], 'diverse': [545, 862, 881], 'resident': [548, 573], 'species.': [549], 'To': [550], 'epiphytic': [557, 602, 627], 'ferns': [558, 603, 628], 'compared': [562], 'respective': [564], 'abundances': [565], 'spatial': [567], 'arrangements': [568], 'trees.': [574], 'compete': [579], 'intensely': [580], 'epiphytes': [582, 1030], 'hosts': [592, 791], '(trees)': [593], 'needed': [594], 'both': [596, 635], 'forms.': [598], 'competition': [600], 'imperils': [601], 'reliant': [606], 'fauna': [609], 'support.': [611], 'first': [614, 874, 911], 'its': [617], 'kind,': [618], 'my': [619, 906], 'finding': [620], 'negatively': [623], 'impacting': [624], 'Old': [625, 659], 'World': [626, 660, 972], 'should': [629], 'focus': [630], 'liana-epiphyte': [633], 'region': [638], 'tropics.\r\n\r\nThird,': [642], 'rattans': [643, 684, 725, 730, 778, 811], '(climbing': [644], 'palms)': [645], 'arguably': [647], "world's": [649], 'most': [650], 'non-timber': [652], 'product': [654], 'emblematic': [656], 'plant': [662, 764], 'rattan': [665, 715, 767, 816], 'extinction': [673], 'conversion,': [676], 'modification': [678], 'unsustainable': [680], 'harvesting.': [681], 'Though': [682], 'monocotyledonous': [683], 'included': [686], 'studies,': [694], 'unknown': [697], 'whether': [698], 'respond': [700], 'similarly': [701], 'drivers.': [708], 'impacted': [714], 'demography.': [718], 'strong': [722], 'proliferation': [723, 737, 768], 'adult': [729], 'Again': [735], 'due': [739, 776], 'subsequent': [749], 'canopy': [751], 'cover.': [752], 'My': [753], 'findings': [754, 939], 'insight': [758], 'into': [759, 1021], 'world': [761], 'competition,': [765], 'possibly': [769], 'expense': [773], 'superior': [779], 'inter-host': [780], 'colonization': [781], 'which': [783], 'allows': [784, 932], 'widely-spaced': [789], 'heavily-disturbed': [793], 'hypothesis': [797], 'provides': [798, 830], 'basis': [800], 'future': [802], 'whose': [804], 'outcomes': [805], 'influence': [807], 'stocking': [808], 'densities': [809], 'allowing': [812], 'maximization': [814], 'output': [817], 'minimizing': [819], 'costs.\r\n\r\nFourth,': [822], 'vast': [824], 'majority': [825], 'literature': [829, 1006], 'almost': [831], 'constant': [832], 'reminders': [833], 'negative': [836], 'trees,': [841], 'dynamics': [843], 'functioning.': [846], 'our': [848, 945], 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[996], 'exquisite': [998], 'irreplaceable': [1000], 'results': [1003], 'corroborate': [1004], 'fundamental': [1009], 'points': [1010], 'dynamics,': [1016], 'while': [1017], 'providing': [1018], 'insights': [1020], 'among': [1024], 'lianas,': [1026], 'rattans,': [1027]}, 'abstract_inverted_index_v3': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2744432180', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-19T23:05:48.953119', 'created_date': '2017-08-17'}