Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2740896237', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13387', 'title': 'Wasting away: How to treat cachexia and muscle wasting in chronic disease?', 'display_name': 'Wasting away: How to treat cachexia and muscle wasting in chronic disease?', 'publication_year': 2017, 'publication_date': '2017-07-29', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2740896237', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13387', 'mag': '2740896237', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28755533', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5698575'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13387', 'pdf_url': 'https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/bcp.13387', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S13842274', 'display_name': 'British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology', 'issn_l': '0306-5251', 'issn': ['0306-5251', '1365-2125'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'letter', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/bcp.13387', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5042553930', 'display_name': 'Stephan von Haehling', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9818-042X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I74656192', 'display_name': 'University of Göttingen', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01y9bpm73', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I74656192']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210127591', 'display_name': 'German Centre for Cardiovascular Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/031t5w623', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210127591']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Stephan von Haehling', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Göttingen Germany', 'Department of Cardiology and Pneumology University of Göttingen Medical Center, Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Cardiology and Pneumology University of Göttingen Medical Center, Georg‐August‐University Göttingen Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I74656192']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Göttingen Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210127591']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5042553930'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I74656192', 'https://openalex.org/I4210127591'], 'apc_list': {'value': 4330, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4330, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 3, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.554088, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 75, 'max': 77}, 'biblio': {'volume': '83', 'issue': '12', 'first_page': '2599', 'last_page': '2601'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10397', 'display_name': 'Nutrition and Health in Aging', 'score': 0.9977, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2737', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10397', 'display_name': 'Nutrition and Health in Aging', 'score': 0.9977, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2737', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10441', 'display_name': 'Muscle Physiology and Disorders', 'score': 0.9975, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11457', 'display_name': 'Adipose Tissue and Metabolism', 'score': 0.9969, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2737', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/wasting-syndrome', 'display_name': 'Wasting Syndrome', 'score': 0.52798635}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779764123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7972881', 'display_name': 'Wasting', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9724283}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777704314', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6003455', 'display_name': 'Cachexia', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9376305}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.7266149}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C544821477', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q718113', 'display_name': 'Weight loss', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6643098}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776214593', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1787939', 'display_name': 'Sarcopenia', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6158347}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2911126609', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6003455', 'display_name': 'Wasting Syndrome', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.52798635}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779134260', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136', 'display_name': 'Disease', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4860666}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C1862650', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005', 'display_name': 'Physical therapy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.46917444}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177713679', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690', 'display_name': 'Intensive care medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4587929}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778653478', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718', 'display_name': 'Kidney disease', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4521579}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.28766483}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121608353', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078', 'display_name': 'Cancer', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.20900133}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C511355011', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174', 'display_name': 'Obesity', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.16081226}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D002100', 'descriptor_name': 'Cachexia', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009133', 'descriptor_name': 'Muscular Atrophy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002908', 'descriptor_name': 'Chronic Disease', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018482', 'descriptor_name': 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019282', 'descriptor_name': 'Wasting Syndrome', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13387', 'pdf_url': 'https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/bcp.13387', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S13842274', 'display_name': 'British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology', 'issn_l': '0306-5251', 'issn': ['0306-5251', '1365-2125'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5698575', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc5698575?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5698575', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28755533', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13387', 'pdf_url': 'https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/bcp.13387', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S13842274', 'display_name': 'British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology', 'issn_l': '0306-5251', 'issn': ['0306-5251', '1365-2125'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Zero hunger', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2', 'score': 0.61}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 29, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1516235509', 'https://openalex.org/W1963249349', 'https://openalex.org/W1985471058', 'https://openalex.org/W2003064100', 'https://openalex.org/W2017395008', 'https://openalex.org/W2037605387', 'https://openalex.org/W2051319465', 'https://openalex.org/W2069554919', 'https://openalex.org/W2098821294', 'https://openalex.org/W2108872913', 'https://openalex.org/W2127706136', 'https://openalex.org/W2128999388', 'https://openalex.org/W2132123717', 'https://openalex.org/W2155877918', 'https://openalex.org/W2156804062', 'https://openalex.org/W2166056254', 'https://openalex.org/W2175926612', 'https://openalex.org/W2234006279', 'https://openalex.org/W2278001291', 'https://openalex.org/W2320315820', 'https://openalex.org/W2326289669', 'https://openalex.org/W2336564119', 'https://openalex.org/W2345927750', 'https://openalex.org/W2480421002', 'https://openalex.org/W2548849041', 'https://openalex.org/W2577838658', 'https://openalex.org/W2608488150', 'https://openalex.org/W2608831941', 'https://openalex.org/W2766098981'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W38212549', 'https://openalex.org/W2972845984', 'https://openalex.org/W2684438593', 'https://openalex.org/W2588818113', 'https://openalex.org/W2283385184', 'https://openalex.org/W2282725908', 'https://openalex.org/W2124833718', 'https://openalex.org/W2040510149', 'https://openalex.org/W1989514810', 'https://openalex.org/W1955421468'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Muscle': [0, 150], 'wasting': [1, 21, 39, 151, 740, 1038], 'is': [2, 33, 51, 131, 144, 157, 366, 384, 542, 572, 704, 945], 'an': [3, 350, 359, 577, 586, 982], 'extremely': [4], 'common': [5], 'feature': [6, 30], 'of': [7, 19, 31, 124, 128, 139, 166, 186, 212, 223, 226, 234, 242, 249, 306, 312, 330, 373, 389, 393, 401, 409, 511, 537, 553, 620, 630, 648, 654, 666, 679, 697, 784, 794, 823, 837, 857, 908, 956, 972, 994, 1036], 'several': [8], 'chronic': [9, 79, 94, 98, 102], 'diseases': [10], 'associated': [11, 433, 444, 478], 'with': [12, 77, 434, 445, 479, 742, 842, 950, 991], 'inflammatory': [13], 'activation.': [14], 'It': [15, 975], 'can': [16, 40, 152, 431, 496], 'be': [17, 153, 396, 432, 964, 977], 'part': [18, 225, 233], 'a': [20, 617, 626, 631, 656, 723, 829, 834, 900, 943, 1033], 'syndrome': [22], 'known': [23, 564], 'as': [24, 68, 70, 178, 289, 349, 465, 467, 576, 585, 601, 722, 916, 986], 'cachexia': [25, 32, 130], '1,': [26], '2.': [27], 'The': [28, 259, 535, 562, 694], 'defining': [29], 'overt': [34], 'weight': [35, 45], 'loss,': [36], 'but': [37, 63, 81, 155, 809], 'muscle': [38, 243, 500, 739, 749, 752, 763, 766, 807, 909, 973, 999, 1037], 'also': [41, 64, 82, 600], 'become': [42], 'prevalent': [43], 'without': [44], 'loss': [46, 211, 222, 241], 'being': [47, 142], 'detectable.': [48], 'This': [49, 382], 'notion': [50], 'important,': [52], 'because': [53, 387], 'it': [54, 117, 156, 548, 730, 904], 'highlights': [55], 'the': [56, 122, 137, 164, 169, 179, 202, 205, 227, 240, 309, 313, 321, 325, 354, 357, 390, 399, 407, 417, 492, 521, 551, 582, 589, 642, 649, 677, 718, 727, 743, 755, 760, 777, 780, 791, 810, 824, 854, 883, 893, 917, 921, 925, 937, 957, 960, 992, 1011, 1014], 'necessity': [57], 'to': [58, 65, 146, 195, 207, 238, 368, 398, 406, 423, 504, 550, 676, 699, 746, 865, 897, 967, 1021, 1030], 'not': [59, 775], 'only': [60, 695, 788], 'measure': [61], 'weight,': [62], 'assess': [66], 'strength': [67, 213, 224, 245, 507, 813], 'well': [69, 466], 'functional': [71, 815], 'and': [72, 110, 191, 217, 244, 285, 298, 315, 324, 370, 454, 462, 485, 499, 532, 539, 584, 610, 623, 691, 751, 765, 787, 833, 860, 882, 1001, 1016, 1052], 'exercise': [73, 254], 'capacity': [74, 816], 'in': [75, 83, 134, 264, 272, 300, 332, 340, 353, 425, 458, 469, 506, 517, 544, 566, 569, 581, 588, 597, 660, 681, 717, 779, 790, 806, 812, 846, 853, 888, 899, 954, 987, 1026, 1032], 'patients': [76, 125, 140, 518, 949, 980], 'advanced': [78], 'disease,': [80], 'healthy': [84], 'elderly': [85, 219], 'subjects': [86, 220], '3,': [87], '4.': [88], 'Relevant': [89], 'illnesses': [90], 'include,': [91], 'for': [92, 204, 346, 651, 941], 'example,': [93, 438], 'heart': [95], 'failure': [96], '5,': [97], 'kidney': [99], 'disease': [100, 105], '6,': [101], 'obstructive': [103], 'pulmonary': [104], '7,': [106], 'rheumatoid': [107], 'arthritis': [108], '8,': [109], 'cancer': [111, 484, 951], '9.': [112], 'Considering': [113], 'these': [114, 187, 698, 800], 'conditions': [115], 'alone,': [116], 'has': [118, 476, 774, 817, 1041], 'been': [119, 443, 477, 515, 530, 596, 776, 818], 'estimated': [120], 'that': [121, 267, 684, 732, 735, 1008], 'number': [123, 138], 'at': [126, 737, 754, 932, 981, 1010], 'risk': [127], 'developing': [129, 554], '17.5': [132], 'million': [133, 148], 'Europe,': [135], 'whereas': [136], 'actually': [141], 'cachectic': [143], 'close': [145, 422], '4': [147], '10.': [149], 'diagnosed,': [154], 'more': [158, 197, 838, 1024], 'easily': [159, 189, 912], 'overlooked.': [160], 'Screening': [161], 'measures': [162], 'include': [163, 251, 275, 685, 906], 'assessment': [165], 'handgrip': [167, 934], 'strength,': [168], '6-minute': [170, 918], 'corridor': [171], 'walk': [172, 919], 'test,': [173, 920, 924], 'or': [174, 429, 814, 931, 959, 989, 1013], 'simple': [175], 'tools': [176], 'such': [177, 288, 915, 942, 985], 'short': [180, 926], 'physical': [181, 927], 'performance': [182, 928], 'battery': [183, 929], 'test.': [184], 'All': [185], 'are': [188, 214, 308, 318, 334, 420, 1005, 1019], 'performed': [190], 'take': [192], '30': [193], 's': [194], 'no': [196, 873], 'than': [198, 232, 338, 404, 839, 848, 997], '10': [199, 335], 'min.': [200], 'However,': [201], 'chances': [203], 'patient': [206, 939], 'actively': [208], 'complain': [209], 'about': [210], 'relatively': [215], 'low,': [216], 'many': [218], 'consider': [221], 'normal': [228], 'ageing': [229], 'process': [230], 'rather': [231, 403], 'advancing': [235], 'disease.': [236], 'Measures': [237], 'tackle': [239], 'and,': [246, 255], 'thus,': [247], 'quality': [248], 'life': [250], 'nutritional': [252], 'interventions,': [253], 'possibly,': [256], 'pharmacotherapy': [257], '11-13.': [258], 'most': [260], 'promising': [261], 'drug': [262, 352], 'classes': [263], 'this': [265, 570, 664, 714, 773], 'regard': [266, 571], 'have': [268, 375, 442, 513, 528, 595, 802], 'seen': [269], 'research': [270], 'endeavour': [271], 'recent': [273, 618], 'years': [274], 'myostatin': [276], 'inhibitors,': [277], 'ghrelin': [278, 657], 'receptor': [279, 283, 419, 557, 579, 593, 604, 608, 613, 635, 658], 'agonists,': [280], 'selective': [281, 555, 592, 602, 606, 611, 633], 'androgen': [282, 418, 612, 634], 'modulators': [284, 558, 594, 609, 614], 'anabolic': [286], 'steroids': [287], 'testosterone.': [290], 'Testosterone': [291, 343, 365], 'was': [292, 363, 709, 869], 'originally': [293], 'described': [294, 516], 'by': [295], 'Kàroly': [296], 'David': [297], 'colleagues': [299, 624], '1935': [301], '14.': [302], 'Its': [303], 'primary': [304], 'site': [305], 'synthesis': [307], 'Leydig': [310], 'cells': [311], 'testis,': [314], 'smaller': [316], 'amounts': [317], 'released': [319], 'from': [320, 969, 1045], 'adrenal': [322], 'cortex': [323], 'ovaries.': [326], 'Therefore,': [327, 713], 'plasma': [328], 'levels': [329, 441, 856], 'testosterone': [331, 394, 410, 440, 474, 495, 512], 'men': [333], 'times': [336], 'higher': [337, 844], 'those': [339], 'women': [341, 847], '15.': [342, 534], 'became': [344], 'available': [345, 361], 'therapeutic': [347], 'use': [348, 568], 'injectable': [351], '1940s.': [355], 'In': [356, 472, 523, 616, 798, 871], '1970s,': [358], 'orally': [360], 'formulation': [362], 'approved.': [364], 'metabolized': [367], 'dihydrotestosterone': [369, 859], 'estradiol,': [371], 'both': [372, 748], 'which': [374, 574], 'feedback': [376], 'effects': [377, 392, 408, 510, 527, 541], 'on': [378], 'luteinizing': [379], 'hormone': [380], 'secretion.': [381], 'point': [383], 'worth': [385, 978], 'stressing,': [386], 'some': [388], 'undesired': [391, 540], 'may': [395, 885, 895, 962, 976], 'due': [397, 405], 'formation': [400], 'metabolites,': [402], 'itself.': [411], 'Since': [412], 'steroid': [413, 556], 'receptors': [414], 'just': [415], 'like': [416, 687], 'expressed': [421], 'ubiquitously': [424], 'humans,': [426], 'their': [427], 'blockade': [428], 'activation': [430], 'untoward': [435], 'effects.': [436], 'For': [437], 'supraphysiological': [439], 'acne,': [446], 'dyslipidaemia,': [447], 'sleep': [448], 'apnoea,': [449], 'left': [450], 'ventricular': [451], 'hypertrophy,': [452], 'sodium': [453], 'water': [455], 'retention,': [456], 'increases': [457, 468, 505], 'renin-angiotensin-aldosterone': [459], 'system': [460], 'activity': [461], 'blood': [463], 'pressure': [464], 'erythropoiesis': [470], '15-17.': [471], 'addition,': [473], 'administration': [475], 'increased': [480], 'cardiovascular': [481], 'mortality,': [482], 'prostate': [483], 'hepatic': [486], 'toxicity': [487], '15,': [488], '18,': [489], '19.': [490], 'On': [491, 726], 'other': [493, 728], 'hand,': [494, 729], 'induce': [497], 'bone': [498], 'growth': [501], 'ultimately': [502], 'leading': [503], '20.': [508], 'Side': [509], 'mainly': [514], 'who': [519], 'abuse': [520], 'drug.': [522], 'clinical': [524, 567, 598, 682, 1034], 'settings,': [525], 'adverse': [526], 'generally': [529], 'mild': [531], 'reversible': [533], 'mixture': [536], 'desired': [538], 'present': [543, 625], 'all': [545, 733], 'steroids;': [546], 'however,': [547, 706], 'led': [549], 'idea': [552], '(Figure': [559, 671], '1)': [560], '21.': [561, 615], 'best': [563], 'example': [565], 'tamoxifen,': [573], 'functions': [575], 'oestrogen': [578], 'antagonist': [580], 'breast': [583], 'agonist': [587], 'uterus.': [590], 'Such': [591, 1003], 'development': [599, 683, 708], 'glucocorticoid': [603], 'modulators,': [605], 'progesterone': [607], 'issue': [619], 'BJCP,': [621], 'Clark': [622], 'Phase': [627, 701, 879, 889, 901], 'I': [628, 880], 'study': [629, 944], 'novel': [632], 'modulator': [636], '(SARM)': [637], 'named': [638], 'GSK2881078': [639, 674, 827], '22.': [640], 'With': [641], 'European': [643], 'Medicines': [644], "Agency's": [645], '(EMA)': [646], 'rejection': [647], 'application': [650], 'marketing': [652], 'authorization': [653], 'anamorelin,': [655], 'agonist,': [659], 'May': [661], '2017': [662], '23,': [663], 'class': [665], 'drugs': [667, 734], 'merits': [668], 'further': [669], 'scrutiny': [670], '1).': [672], 'Indeed,': [673], 'adds': [675], 'list': [678], 'SARMs': [680], 'substances': [686], 'DT-100,': [688], 'enobosarm,': [689], 'ligandrol': [690], 'MK-0773': [692], '24.': [693], 'one': [696], 'see': [700], 'III': [702], 'testing': [703, 887, 907], 'enobosarm;': [705], 'its': [707], 'unfortunately': [710], 'discontinued': [711], '25.': [712], 'new': [715, 825], 'piece': [716], 'SARM': [719, 826], 'puzzle': [720], 'comes': [721], 'welcome': [724], 'addition.': [725], 'appears': [731], 'aim': [736, 993], 'treating': [738], 'struggle': [741], 'same': [744, 756], 'problem:': [745], 'improve': [747], 'mass': [750, 764, 1000], 'function': [753, 767, 910], 'time.': [757], 'Even': [758], 'though': [759], 'two': [761, 781, 792], '–': [762, 768], 'appear': [769], 'almost': [770], 'automatically': [771], 'linked,': [772], 'case': [778], 'major': [782, 874, 947], 'trials': [783, 793, 801], 'anamorelin': [785], '26': [786], 'partially': [789], 'enobosarm': [795], '27,': [796], '28.': [797], 'fact,': [799], 'shown': [803], 'significant': [804], 'improvements': [805], 'mass,': [808], 'increase': [811], 'less': [819], 'convincing.': [820], 'Pharmacokinetic': [821], 'data': [822, 884], 'showed': [828, 851], 'rapid': [830], 'initial': [831], 'absorption': [832], 'long': [835], 'half-life': [836], '100': [840], 'h': [841], 'slightly': [843], 'values': [845], 'men.': [849], 'Pharmacodynamics': [850], 'reductions': [852], 'serum': [855], 'testosterone,': [858], 'sex-hormone': [861], 'binding': [862], 'globulin': [863], 'relative': [864], 'baseline.': [866], 'Overall': [867], 'safety': [868], 'acceptable.': [870], 'summary,': [872], 'surprises': [875], 'were': [876], 'revealed': [877], 'during': [878], 'testing,': [881], 'prompt': [886], 'II.': [890], 'Whatever': [891], 'endpoint': [892], 'investigators': [894], 'want': [896], 'choose': [898], 'II': [902], 'study,': [903], 'should': [905], 'using': [911], 'applicable': [913], 'tests': [914], 'stair-climbing': [922], 'power': [923], 'test': [930], 'least': [933], 'strength.': [935], 'Selecting': [936], 'right': [938], 'population': [940], 'another': [946], 'challenge:': [948], 'cachexia,': [952], 'particularly': [953], 'cancers': [955], 'lung': [958], 'pancreas,': [961], 'simply': [963], 'too': [965], 'sick': [966], 'benefit': [968], 'pharmacological': [970], 'treatment': [971], 'wasting.': [974], 'selecting': [979], 'earlier': [983], 'stage': [984], 'pre-cachexia': [988], 'sarcopenia': [990], 'maintaining': [995], '(rather': [996], 'improving)': [998], 'function.': [1002], 'questions': [1004], 'so': [1006], 'important': [1007], 'regulators': [1009], 'EMA': [1012], 'Food': [1015], 'Drug': [1017], 'Administration': [1018], 'requested': [1020], 'provide': [1022], 'even': [1023], 'guidance': [1025], 'what': [1027], 'they': [1028], 'expect': [1029], 'achieve': [1031], 'trial': [1035], '29.': [1039], 'S.v.H.': [1040], 'received': [1042], 'consultant': [1043], 'honoraria': [1044], 'Vifor': [1046], 'Pharma,': [1047], 'Chugai,': [1048], 'Helsinn,': [1049], 'Novartis,': [1050], 'Pfizer': [1051], 'Boheringer': [1053], 'Ingelheim.': [1054]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2740896237', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-14T11:17:13.513671', 'created_date': '2017-08-08'}