Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2740863397', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/lsa.2017.16', 'title': 'Beam switching and bifocal zoom lensing using active plasmonic metasurfaces', 'display_name': 'Beam switching and bifocal zoom lensing using active plasmonic metasurfaces', 'publication_year': 2017, 'publication_date': '2017-06-06', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2740863397', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/lsa.2017.16', 'mag': '2740863397', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30167272', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6062225'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/lsa.2017.16', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2498964232', 'display_name': 'Light Science & Applications', 'issn_l': '2047-7538', 'issn': ['2047-7538', '2095-5545'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Nature', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/lsa.2017.16', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103149239', 'display_name': 'Xinghui Yin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0033-7450'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I100066346', 'display_name': 'University of Stuttgart', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04vnq7t77', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I100066346']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Xinghui Yin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 70550, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 70550, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I100066346']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5015444474', 'display_name': 'Tobias Steinle', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I100066346', 'display_name': 'University of Stuttgart', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04vnq7t77', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I100066346']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Tobias Steinle', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 70550, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 70550, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I100066346']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5024519293', 'display_name': 'Lingling Huang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3647-2128'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I125839683', 'display_name': 'Beijing Institute of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01skt4w74', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I125839683', 'https://openalex.org/I890469752']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Lingling Huang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Beijing Institute of Technology, No. 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I125839683']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5044243538', 'display_name': 'Thomas Taubner', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0628-3043'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I887968799', 'display_name': 'RWTH Aachen University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04xfq0f34', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I887968799']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Thomas Taubner', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['I. Institute of Physics (IA), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52056, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'I. Institute of Physics (IA), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52056, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I887968799']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5055928789', 'display_name': 'Matthias Wuttig', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1498-1025'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I887968799', 'display_name': 'RWTH Aachen University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04xfq0f34', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I887968799']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Matthias Wuttig', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['I. Institute of Physics (IA), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52056, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'I. Institute of Physics (IA), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52056, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I887968799']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5051981300', 'display_name': 'Thomas Zentgraf', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8662-1101'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I206945453', 'display_name': 'Paderborn University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/058kzsd48', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I206945453']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Thomas Zentgraf', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Physics, University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, Paderborn, 33098, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Physics, University of Paderborn, Warburger Straße 100, Paderborn, 33098, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I206945453']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5059845240', 'display_name': 'Harald Gießen', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4270-3850'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I100066346', 'display_name': 'University of Stuttgart', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04vnq7t77', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I100066346']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Harald Giessen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 70550, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '4th Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 70550, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I100066346']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5103149239'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I100066346'], 'apc_list': {'value': 2730, 'currency': 'GBP', 'value_usd': 3348, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 2730, 'currency': 'GBP', 'value_usd': 3348, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 11.217, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 357, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999901, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '6', 'issue': '7', 'first_page': 'e17016', 'last_page': 'e17016'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10245', 'display_name': 'Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2504', 'display_name': 'Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10245', 'display_name': 'Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2504', 'display_name': 'Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/25', 'display_name': 'Materials Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10295', 'display_name': 'Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research', 'score': 0.993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2204', 'display_name': 'Biomedical Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10490', 'display_name': 'Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics', 'score': 0.9895, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3107', 'display_name': 'Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nanophotonics', 'display_name': 'Nanophotonics', 'score': 0.6869255}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110879396', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58392', 'display_name': 'Plasmon', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.76810896}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.71451813}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C27289702', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2475861', 'display_name': 'Nanophotonics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6869255}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49040817', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091', 'display_name': 'Optoelectronics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5958954}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.53947276}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15336307', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051', 'display_name': 'Lens (geology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46305418}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C56052488', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103382', 'display_name': 'Amorphous solid', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4331978}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57528182', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1271842', 'display_name': 'Miniaturization', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41324335}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171250308', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468', 'display_name': 'Nanotechnology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.23371336}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.14465502}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/lsa.2017.16', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2498964232', 'display_name': 'Light Science & Applications', 'issn_l': '2047-7538', 'issn': ['2047-7538', '2095-5545'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Nature', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6062225', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30167272', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/lsa.2017.16', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2498964232', 'display_name': 'Light Science & Applications', 'issn_l': '2047-7538', 'issn': ['2047-7538', '2095-5545'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Nature', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 54, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1819929951', 'https://openalex.org/W1970037716', 'https://openalex.org/W1972463110', 'https://openalex.org/W1977155855', 'https://openalex.org/W1981289394', 'https://openalex.org/W1984265549', 'https://openalex.org/W2010531934', 'https://openalex.org/W2010682338', 'https://openalex.org/W2013718124', 'https://openalex.org/W2023554267', 'https://openalex.org/W2027029957', 'https://openalex.org/W2029311212', 'https://openalex.org/W2031557272', 'https://openalex.org/W2036632874', 'https://openalex.org/W2055853020', 'https://openalex.org/W2077735967', 'https://openalex.org/W2078067390', 'https://openalex.org/W2086103012', 'https://openalex.org/W2086354076', 'https://openalex.org/W2091439211', 'https://openalex.org/W2099545170', 'https://openalex.org/W2105549785', 'https://openalex.org/W2110798421', 'https://openalex.org/W2121607567', 'https://openalex.org/W2127388200', 'https://openalex.org/W2144085672', 'https://openalex.org/W2144237178', 'https://openalex.org/W2152840157', 'https://openalex.org/W2154694290', 'https://openalex.org/W2157184633', 'https://openalex.org/W2161803000', 'https://openalex.org/W2178506441', 'https://openalex.org/W2238099481', 'https://openalex.org/W2295350829', 'https://openalex.org/W2299870622', 'https://openalex.org/W2314573990', 'https://openalex.org/W2316660009', 'https://openalex.org/W2326647516', 'https://openalex.org/W2333899245', 'https://openalex.org/W2334549431', 'https://openalex.org/W2335776074', 'https://openalex.org/W2345604706', 'https://openalex.org/W2409978143', 'https://openalex.org/W2415475836', 'https://openalex.org/W2594277129', 'https://openalex.org/W2891434985', 'https://openalex.org/W2901314768', 'https://openalex.org/W2963001081', 'https://openalex.org/W3022302466', 'https://openalex.org/W3123988018', 'https://openalex.org/W4229940949', 'https://openalex.org/W4241214195', 'https://openalex.org/W587893704', 'https://openalex.org/W589820874'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4385314930', 'https://openalex.org/W4241592276', 'https://openalex.org/W2926730772', 'https://openalex.org/W2908659800', 'https://openalex.org/W2390620222', 'https://openalex.org/W2361025757', 'https://openalex.org/W2348807422', 'https://openalex.org/W2055274721', 'https://openalex.org/W2050837474', 'https://openalex.org/W2049043962'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Compact': [0], 'nanophotonic': [1, 127], 'elements': [2, 94, 233], 'exhibiting': [3], 'adaptable': [4], 'properties': [5], 'are': [6, 123], 'essential': [7], 'components': [8, 61, 128], 'for': [9, 56, 88, 115, 125, 129, 214, 226], 'the': [10, 25, 71, 86, 100, 139, 154, 161, 167, 182, 201, 215, 224], 'miniaturization': [11], 'of': [12, 66, 91, 141, 153, 166, 200, 230], 'powerful': [13], 'optical': [14, 60, 93, 173, 232], 'technologies': [15], 'such': [16], 'as': [17], 'adaptive': [18], 'optics': [19], 'and': [20, 70, 81, 117, 134, 144, 163, 217], 'spatial': [21], 'light': [22, 119, 189], 'modulators.': [23], 'While': [24], 'larger': [26], 'counterparts': [27], 'typically': [28], 'rely': [29], 'on': [30, 40, 150, 235], 'mechanical': [31], 'actuation,': [32], 'this': [33], 'can': [34], 'be': [35, 192], 'undesirable': [36], 'in': [37, 131, 181, 194], 'some': [38], 'cases': [39], 'a': [41, 52, 64, 89, 107, 151, 178, 185, 205, 227], 'microscopic': [42], 'scale': [43], 'due': [44], 'to': [45, 191], 'inherent': [46], 'space': [47], 'restrictions.': [48], 'Here,': [49], 'we': [50, 77], 'present': [51], 'novel': [53], 'design': [54, 102, 199], 'concept': [55], 'highly': [57, 112], 'integrated': [58], 'active': [59, 92, 231], 'that': [62, 209], 'employs': [63], 'combination': [65], 'resonant': [67], 'plasmonic': [68, 96, 236], 'metasurfaces': [69, 105], 'phase-change': [72, 108, 155], 'material': [73, 109, 156], 'Ge3Sb2Te6.': [74], 'In': [75], 'particular,': [76], 'demonstrate': [78], 'beam': [79, 190], 'switching': [80, 116], 'bifocal': [82, 207], 'lensing,': [83], 'thus,': [84], 'paving': [85], 'way': [87, 225], 'plethora': [90], 'employing': [95, 106], 'metasurfaces,': [97], 'which': [98], 'follow': [99], 'same': [101], 'principles.': [103], 'Plasmonic': [104], 'have': [110, 170], 'yielded': [111], 'compact': [113], 'devices': [114, 122], 'focusing': [118], 'beams.': [120], 'Such': [121], 'promising': [124], 'realizing': [126], 'applications': [130], 'scanning,': [132], 'imaging': [133], 'holography.': [135], 'Xinghui': [136], 'Yin': [137], 'at': [138], 'University': [140], 'Stuttgart,': [142], 'Germany,': [143], 'co-workers': [145], 'fabricated': [146], 'gold': [147, 202], 'patterned': [148], 'nanostructures': [149], 'layer': [152, 169, 183], 'germanium−antimony−tellurium': [157], '(GeSbTe;': [158], 'GST).': [159], 'Since': [160], 'amorphous': [162, 216], 'crystalline': [164, 218], 'phases': [165], 'GST': [168, 219], 'very': [171], 'different': [172, 195, 198, 211], 'dielectric': [174], 'constants,': [175], 'thermally': [176], 'triggering': [177], 'phase': [179], 'change': [180], 'allowed': [184], '3.1': [186], 'μm': [187], 'wavelength': [188], 'steered': [193], 'directions.': [196], 'A': [197], 'nanopattern': [203], 'realized': [204], 'cylindrical': [206], 'lens': [208], 'had': [210], 'focal': [212], 'lengths': [213], 'phases.': [220], 'This': [221], 'demonstration': [222], 'opens': [223], 'wide': [228], 'range': [229], 'based': [234], 'metasurfaces.': [237]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2740863397', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 37}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 41}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 69}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 67}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 62}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 50}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 29}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-09T02:33:43.669554', 'created_date': '2017-08-08'}