Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W2739104933', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07234-4', 'title': 'Load-separation curves for the contact of self-affine rough surfaces', 'display_name': 'Load-separation curves for the contact of self-affine rough surfaces', 'publication_year': 2017, 'publication_date': '2017-07-25', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W2739104933', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07234-4', 'mag': '2739104933', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28761122', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5537336'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07234-4', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-07234-4.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S196734849', 'display_name': 'Scientific Reports', 'issn_l': '2045-2322', 'issn': ['2045-2322'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'host_organization_name': 'Nature Portfolio', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Nature Portfolio', 'Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-07234-4.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5080735374', 'display_name': 'A. Papangelo', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0214-904X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I159176309', 'display_name': 'Universität Hamburg', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00g30e956', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I159176309']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I884043246', 'display_name': 'Hamburg University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04bs1pb34', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I884043246']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Antonio Papangelo', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Hamburg University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 1, 21073, Hamburg, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hamburg University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 1, 21073, Hamburg, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I159176309', 'https://openalex.org/I884043246']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5025362201', 'display_name': 'Norbert Hoffmann', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2074-3170'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I159176309', 'display_name': 'Universität Hamburg', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00g30e956', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I159176309']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I884043246', 'display_name': 'Hamburg University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04bs1pb34', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I884043246']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Norbert Hoffmann', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Hamburg University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 1, 21073, Hamburg, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hamburg University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 1, 21073, Hamburg, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I159176309', 'https://openalex.org/I884043246']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5003985920', 'display_name': 'M. Ciavarella', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6271-0081'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Michele Ciavarella', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Politecnico di BARI. Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, V Gentile 182, 70126, Bari, Italy'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Politecnico di BARI. Department of Mechanics, Mathematics and Management, V Gentile 182, 70126, Bari, Italy', 'institution_ids': []}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5003985920'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 1890, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 2190, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 1890, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 2190, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 7.763, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 55, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999945, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '7', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11799', 'display_name': 'Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2211', 'display_name': 'Mechanics of Materials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11799', 'display_name': 'Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2211', 'display_name': 'Mechanics of Materials'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10615', 'display_name': 'Granular flow and fluidized beds', 'score': 0.9877, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2206', 'display_name': 'Computational Mechanics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10923', 'display_name': 'Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications', 'score': 0.9761, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3107', 'display_name': 'Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/asperity', 'display_name': 'Asperity (geotechnical engineering)', 'score': 0.7269834}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/realization', 'display_name': 'Realization (probability)', 'score': 0.58675337}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cutoff', 'display_name': 'Cut-off', 'score': 0.47625256}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779778606', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4807905', 'display_name': 'Asperity (geotechnical engineering)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7269834}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C26546657', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412452', 'display_name': 'Fractal dimension', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.61457205}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33676613', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176', 'display_name': 'Dimension (graph theory)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5875849}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781089630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745', 'display_name': 'Realization (probability)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.58675337}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40636538', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392', 'display_name': 'Fractal', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.56994826}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71039073', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3439090', 'display_name': 'Surface finish', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.55977607}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204323151', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424', 'display_name': 'Range (aeronautics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4902485}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4144372', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q675287', 'display_name': 'Magnification', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47677022}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778217198', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556977', 'display_name': 'Cutoff', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47625256}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.46349666}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121864883', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916', 'display_name': 'Statistical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42448467}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C92757383', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382497', 'display_name': 'Affine transformation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41234043}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36992085}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C57879066', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217', 'display_name': 'Mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3376867}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3367716}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134306372', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754', 'display_name': 'Mathematical analysis', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.31708568}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2524010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087', 'display_name': 'Geometry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3144667}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.19881111}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C202444582', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863', 'display_name': 'Pure mathematics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.19703087}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.17123842}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1685614}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187320778', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130', 'display_name': 'Geotechnical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.10875741}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0735707}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07234-4', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-07234-4.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S196734849', 'display_name': 'Scientific Reports', 'issn_l': '2045-2322', 'issn': ['2045-2322'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'host_organization_name': 'Nature Portfolio', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Nature Portfolio', 'Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5537336', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28761122', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07234-4', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-07234-4.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S196734849', 'display_name': 'Scientific Reports', 'issn_l': '2045-2322', 'issn': ['2045-2322'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'host_organization_name': 'Nature Portfolio', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319908', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Nature Portfolio', 'Springer Nature'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 36, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1169409148', 'https://openalex.org/W1700532379', 'https://openalex.org/W179372779', 'https://openalex.org/W1971990676', 'https://openalex.org/W1985432569', 'https://openalex.org/W1998203900', 'https://openalex.org/W2000067965', 'https://openalex.org/W2000508225', 'https://openalex.org/W2010465190', 'https://openalex.org/W2014771237', 'https://openalex.org/W2017677517', 'https://openalex.org/W2019713946', 'https://openalex.org/W2019908819', 'https://openalex.org/W2027049343', 'https://openalex.org/W2027205745', 'https://openalex.org/W2034542138', 'https://openalex.org/W2042095235', 'https://openalex.org/W2048615184', 'https://openalex.org/W2084490457', 'https://openalex.org/W2087185754', 'https://openalex.org/W2092502305', 'https://openalex.org/W2093333193', 'https://openalex.org/W2105695965', 'https://openalex.org/W2139124365', 'https://openalex.org/W2151369873', 'https://openalex.org/W2169836568', 'https://openalex.org/W2313604805', 'https://openalex.org/W2323546653', 'https://openalex.org/W2470121600', 'https://openalex.org/W2531052913', 'https://openalex.org/W2573927343', 'https://openalex.org/W3100018742', 'https://openalex.org/W3124016587', 'https://openalex.org/W3125963642', 'https://openalex.org/W4250022393', 'https://openalex.org/W4250716500'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4256609757', 'https://openalex.org/W2418534670', 'https://openalex.org/W2171082272', 'https://openalex.org/W2152595177', 'https://openalex.org/W2047186806', 'https://openalex.org/W2041117173', 'https://openalex.org/W2022127494', 'https://openalex.org/W2005715326', 'https://openalex.org/W1977757029', 'https://openalex.org/W1810141276'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'There': [0], 'are': [1], 'two': [2], 'main': [3], 'approximate': [4], 'theories': [5, 14], 'in': [6], 'the': [7, 35], 'contact': [8], 'of': [9, 20, 39], 'rough': [10], 'solids:': [11], 'Greenwood-Williamson': [12], 'asperity': [13], '(GW)': [15], 'and': [16], 'Persson': [17], 'theories.': [18], 'Neither': [19], 'them': [21], 'has': [22], 'been': [23], 'fully': [24], 'assessed': [25], 'so': [26], 'far': [27], 'with': [28], 'respect': [29], 'to': [30], 'load-separation': [31], 'curves.': [32], 'Focusing': [33], 'on': [34], 'most': [36], 'important': [37], 'case': [38], 'low': [40], 'fractal': [41], 'dimension': [42], '(D': [43]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2739104933', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-04T19:46:48.496096', 'created_date': '2017-07-31'}